Simple and sensitive synchronous- fluorescence method for the determination of trace bisphenol s based on its inhibitory effect on the fluorescence quenching reaction of rhodamine B

Article abstract of DOI:10.1007/s10895-013-1191-0

An inhibitory kinetic fluorimetric method is reported for the determination of trace bisphenol S (BPS). The proposed method is based on the inhibitory effect of BPS on the fluorescence quenching of rhodamine B (RhB) caused by potassium bromate in a dilute phosphoric acid medium. Under the optimal conditions of the experiment, the detection limit for BPS was 0.021 mg/L, and the linear range of determination was from 0.035 mg/L to 0.750 mg/L. The relative standard deviations of 11 measurements for 0.20 mg/L and 0.40 mg/L BPS solutions were 2.74 % and 1.87 %, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the determination of bisphenol S derived from commercially available plastic film samples in hot water. A possible reaction mechanism of the inhibitory effect of BPS on the fluorescence quenching of RhB was proposed.

Full text of DOI:10.1007/s10895-013-1191-0

J Fluoresc (2013) 23:641–647
DOI 10.1007/s10895-013-1191-0
ORIGINAL PAPER
Simple and Sensitive Synchronous- Fluorescence
Method for the Determination of Trace Bisphenol S
Based on its Inhibitory Effect on the Fluorescence
Quenching Reaction of Rhodamine B
Gui-ping Cao & Ting Chen & Ya-feng Zhuang
Received: 26 August 2012 /Accepted: 24 February 2013 /Published online: 8 March 2013
#
Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
Abstract An inhibitory kinetic fluorimetric method is
reported for the determination of trace bisphenol S (BPS).
The proposed method is based on the inhibitory effect of
BPS on the fluorescence quenching of rhodamine B (RhB)
caused by potassium bromate in a dilute phosphoric acid
medium. Under the optimal conditions of the experiment,
the detection limit for BPS was 0.021 mg/L, and the linear
range of determination was from 0.035 mg/L to 0.750 mg/L.
The relative standard deviations of 11 measurements for
0.20 mg/L and 0.40 mg/L BPS solutions were 2.74 % and
1.87 %, respectively. The method was successfully applied
to the determination of bisphenol S derived from commer-
cially available plastic film samples in hot water. A possible
reaction mechanism of the inhibitory effect of BPS on the
fluorescence quenching of RhB was proposed.
products [4]. The development and application of BPS is
gradually catching up to and even surpassing that of BPA
[5]. However, the risk of human exposure to BPS is high
because of the widespread application of this compound [6].
Phenolic compounds are toxic environmental pollutants
that can seriously threaten human health [7, 8]. Different
phenolic compounds possess distinct environmental behav-
iours and have varying ecological effects as well as toxic-
ities [9]. BPS is one example of a phenolic compound with
endocrine-disrupting effects [10, 11]. Animal experiments
[12] have demonstrated that low BPS concentration can
promote the lymphocytic proliferation whereas high BPS
concentration can inhibit it. Thus, the detection and control
of BPS concentration in the environment are particularly
important and necessary.
To date, the major method for the determination of BPS
that has already been reported is by gas chromatography–
mass spectrometry (GC-MC) [13]. However, although
HPLC [14] and GC-MC are highly accurate and widely
used for estrogenic bisphenol quantification, these tech-
niques involve either complex sample preparation or the
use of toxic organic solvents. Aside from requiring trained
technicians, these techniques are also time-consuming and
expensive, making their widespread use quite challenging.
Another BPS measurement method is ultraviolet spectro-
photometry [15], which is a convenient process but also
features low sensitivity. Therefore, there is a need to develop
a sensitive, simple, quick, and inexpensive method to deter-
mine BPS concentration.
.
.
.
Keywords Bisphenol S Inhibition Rhodamine B
.
Synchronous fluorescence Trace analysis
Introduction
Bisphenol S (BPS), 4, 4′-sulphonyl diphenol, has been
widely used as a monomer in the production of epoxy resins
[1], cyclic carbonates [2], and sulphonated poly-ether ke-
tone or poly- ether sulphone [3]. BPS is similar to bisphenol
A (BPA) in many of its properties and uses, especially in
aggregation, and can also replace BPA in improving the
mechanical properties and thermal stability of polymer
It is known that rhodamine B (RhB) can be oxidized by
potassium bromate in acidic solutions. This oxidation reac-
tion destroys the molecular structure of RhB, resulting in a
markedly quenched fluorescence [16]. In the present work,
the fluorescence quenching reaction was slowed down in the
:
:
G.-p. Cao (*) T. Chen Y.-f. Zhuang
Department of Chemical Engineering,
Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213022,
People’s Republic of China
e-mail: caogpczu@163.com

642
J Fluoresc (2013) 23:641–647
presence of trace BPS. Based on this inhibitory effect of
BPS on the quenching of the RhB fluorescence, a novel
kinetic spectrofluorimetric method has been proposed to
detect the trace BPS. The proposed method is inexpensive,
convenient, and does not require trained technicians to op-
erate. The method has been successfully used to determine
BPS derived from commercially available plastic film
samples.
determined at 554.0 nm. Synchronous fluorescence spectra
were obtained from 510 nm to 590 nm with an offset Δ1=
24 nm. The fluorescence value F0 of the corresponding
blank (without BPS) was obtained under the same condi-
tions. The different value was calculated by ΔF=F - F0 and
used for quantification.
Sample Preparation
The sample solution was prepared based on reference [17].
Three kinds of plastic film were washed with distilled water,
solarized at room temperature, and cut into pieces of
2.0 cm2. An appropriate amount of each sample was taken,
and placed into a conical flask. Afterwards, 100 mL of
distilled water was added in each conical flask. The solu-
tions were heated in a water bath (70.0 0.2 °C) for 4 h, and
then cooled to room temperature. Finally, a portion of the
prepared sample was diluted with water directly or
supplemented with BPS to test the recovery of the method.
Experimental
Reagents
All chemicals were of analytical reagent grade, and double-
distilled water was used throughout the present study. A
BPS stock solution (100.0 mg/L) was prepared by dissolv-
ing 0.0100 g of BPS in an ultrasonic cleaner (KH-500B,
Kunshan), diluting with water into a 100 mL volumetric
flask and then storing in the dark at 4 °C. Working solutions
were freshly prepared by diluting the stock solution with
water before use. A 1.0×10−4mol/L RhB stock solution was
prepared by dissolving 0.0120 g of RhB in 250 mL of water.
Working solutions of RhB were obtained by diluting the
RhB stock solution with water. Other chemical solutions
used in the study include 0.05 mol/L potassium bromate,
0.12 mol/L phosphoric acid, and 1.5 mol/L sodium acetate.
Results and Discussion
Characteristics of Spectra
RhB can emit very strong yellowish-green fluorescence in
aqueous solutions [18]. The excitation and emission spectra
of RhB at different wavelengths are presented in Fig. 1. The
maximal excitation and emission wavelengths are 553.0 nm
and 577.0 nm, respectively. In this work, the measurements
were performed using only synchronous fluorometry, which
is based on the synchronous scanning of both the excitation
and emission wavelengths at a constant wavelength interval
(offset). The offset, Δ1, was derived from the difference
between the characteristic wavelength maxima selected
from the excitation and emission spectra [19, 20]. Therefore,
the selected Δ1 of RhB was 24 nm, and the synchronous
fluorescence spectrum of RhB was obtained at wavelength
Instruments
The fluorescence spectra were measured with an FP-4600
fluorescence spectrophotometer (Shanghai Techcomp In-
strument Ltd., Shanghai, China). The fluorescence intensity
was obtained using 1 cm quartz cells. A model HH-601
thermostat bath (Jintan Ronghua Instrument Co., Ltd.,
Jintan, China) was used to keep the temperature of the
system constant. Origin Professional version 5.0 software
was used for data processing.
Procedure
450
400
350
The reagents were added to a 10.0 mL volumetric flask in
the following sequence: 0.40 mL of 1.0×10−6mol/L RhB
solution, 0.40 mL of 0.12 mol/L phosphoric acid, and an
appropriate amount of the BPS working solution. The flask
was then diluted approximately to the scale with water. The
mixture was quickly diluted to the mark as soon as 0.35 mL
of 0.05 mol/L potassium bromate was added and then shak-
en until a homogeneous solution was obtained. The flask
was placed in a thermostat water bath at 50 0.2 °C for
8 min, after which 1.0 mL of the 1.5 mol/L sodium acetate
solution was added to it to terminate the reaction. The
synchronous fluorescence intensity F of the sample was
c
b
a
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
500 510 520 530 540 550 560 570 580 590 600
Wavelength /nm
Fig. 1 Fluorescence spectra of RhB. a, Excitation spectrum; b, Emis-
sion spectrum; c, Synchronous spectrum

J Fluoresc (2013) 23:641–647
643
of 510 nm to 590 nm with Δ1=24 nm (Fig. 1c). Similar to
rhodamine 6 G [21], the molecular structure of RhB was
destroyed and RhB fluorescence disappeared when this
compound was oxidized by oxidizers. Figure 2 shows that
the synchronous fluorescence intensity of RhB decreased in
the potassium bromate–phosphoric acid system; the pres-
ence of the trace BPS exhibited an evident inhibitory effect
on the quenching of RhB fluorescence. The inhibition ef-
fect, which is reflected on the ΔF value, was remarkable.
Furthermore, a linear relationship between ΔF and the
concentration of added PBS was observed. Based on this
observation, a new kinetic fluorimetric method was
established to determine trace BPS concentrations. The de-
termination wavelength of this method is 554.0 nm.
the fluorescence quenching of the sample system was rela-
tively slow, indicating an obvious inhibitory effect, while
the fluorescence quenching of the blank system was rather
rapid. ΔF value was larger, and high experimental repro-
ducibility was observed. The effects of the addition se-
quence of reagents depend largely on the reaction
mechanism, which will be discussed at a later section.
Reaction Medium
Identical concentrations of the following media were tested in
the present experiments: nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic
acid, and phosphoric acid. Nearly no inhibitory reaction in
nitric acid was observed because of the strong oxidative effects
of this acid. The reaction stability was poor in hydrochloric acid
due to interferences from the chloride ion. The reaction sensi-
tivity and speed were very low in acetic acid. The inhibition
effect of BPS was significant only in phosphoric acid. Further-
more, a linear relationship between the ΔF and BPS concen-
tration was observed. Therefore, phosphoric acid was selected
as the reaction medium in the present study.
The rate of redox reactions is correlated with the redox
potential, which is strongly dependent on pH. Therefore, the
effect of the phosphoric acid concentration on the ΔF value
was investigated in the range from 1.2×10−3mol/L to 9.6×
10−3mol/L, the results of which are shown in Fig. 3. The
maximum ΔF value appeared within the range from 3.6×
10−3mol/L to 6.0×10−3mol/L. When the solution acidity is
too low, the rate of the two reactions is slow and the BPS
inhibitory effect is not obvious. In contrast, when the solution
acidity is too high, the fluorescence intensities of both the
sample reaction (F) and blank reaction (F0) decrease rapidly,
leading to a rapid reduction in ΔF. The experimental repro-
ducibility was poor when 6.0×10−3mol/L phosphoric acid
was used; better reproducibility and good sensitivity were
found at an acid concentration of 4.8×10−3mol/L. Therefore,
the optimal phosphoric acid concentration is 4.8×10−3mol/L.
Optimization of the Experimental Variables
To take full advantages of the procedure, the reagent con-
centrations and reaction conditions should be optimized.
Various experimental parameters were investigated in order
to obtain an optimized system. Each parameter was opti-
mized by setting all other parameters to be constant and
optimizing the parameter of interest one at a time. The BPS
concentration was kept to 0.40 mg/L in all reactions. Each
experiment was replicated at least thrice.
Addition Sequence of Reagents
The addition sequence of reagents greatly affected the fluo-
rescence quenching rate in this reaction system, which was
manifested mainly when potassium bromate was added.
When potassium bromate was added first to the reaction
system followed by dilution, the fluorescence quenching
rate in both the sample system and blank system increased
rapidly, the ΔF value was small and the experimental re-
producibility was poor. However, when the reaction system
was diluted first followed by addition of potassium bromate,
450
30
25
20
15
10
5
400
a
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
b
c
d
0
500 510 520 530 540 550 560 570 580 590 600
Wavelength /nm
0
1.2 2.4 3.6 4.8 6.0 7.2 8.4 9.6 10.8
Fig. 2 Synchronous fluorescence spectra of RhB in the presence of
different reagents: a, RhB+H3PO4; b, RhB+BPS; c, RhB+H3PO4+
BPS+KBrO3; d, RhB+H3PO4+ KBrO3. RhB, 4.0×10−8 mol/L;
H3PO4, 4.8×10−3mol/L; BPS, 0.7 mg/L; KBrO3, 1.75×10−3mol/L
-3
Concentration of H3PO4 /10 mol/L
Fig. 3 Effect of phosphoric acid concentration on the ΔF value

644
J Fluoresc (2013) 23:641–647
30
25
20
15
10
5
Concentration of RhB
As the fluorescent indicator of the reaction, the effect of
RhB concentration was studied in the range from 1.0×10−8
mol/L to 8.0×10−8mol/L. An increase in RhB concentration
caused an increase in the fluorescence intensity change in
both the sample reaction (F) and the blank reaction (F0); the
intensities were very close to each other when the RhB
concentration was above 7.0×10−8mol/L. The graph of
ΔF versus RhB concentration (Fig. 4) shows a constant
maximum in the range from 3.0×10−8mol/L to 5.0×10−8
mol/L. Therefore, a final concentration of 4.0×10−8mol/L
RhB is selected in the present study.
0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
Concentration of KBrO3 / 10-3 mol/L
Fig. 5 Effect of potassium bromate concentration on the ΔF value
Concentration of Potassium Bromate
and reached a maximum at above 50 °C. When the reac-
tion temperature is too high, the reaction speeds too
quickly and the reaction process is difficult to control.
Thus, 50 °C is the optimal reaction temperature in the
present study. Thermodynamic analysis indicates that ln
(ΔF) increased linearly with the reciprocal value of the
thermodynamic temperature of the reaction (1/T) in the range
from 25 °C to 50 °C. The relationships between the two
parameters can be expressed as follows:
The effect of potassium bromate on ΔF was researched in
the range from 5.0×10−4mol/L to 3.0×10−3mol/L. It was
observed that the fluorescence intensity of the sample reac-
tion (F) and the blank reaction (F0) decreased simultaneous-
ly with increasing potassium bromate concentration. The
graph of the difference between the fluorescence intensities
of the sample and blank reactions ΔF versus the KBrO3
concentration (Fig. 5) shows a maximum at 1.75×10−3
mol/L KBrO3. Therefore, the optimal potassium bromate
concentration in the present study is 1.75×10−3mol/L.
ln ðΔFÞ ¼ 17:109 ꢀ 4:4625 ꢁ 103=T
ð1Þ
The regression coefficient of Eq. (1) is 0.9954, and the
apparent reaction activation energy is E=37.1 kJ/mol.
Reaction Temperature
Effect of Reaction Time
The effect of reaction temperature on ΔF was investigated
in the range from 25 °C to 70 °C, the results of which are
shown in Fig. 6. The fluorescence intensity of the sample
reaction (F) increased gradually with the increase of
reaction temperature and stabilized at ove 50 °C. In
contrast, the fluorescence intensity of the blank reaction
(F0) kept constant within this temperature range. There-
fore, the difference between the fluorescence intensities
of the sample and blank reactions (ΔF) increased gradually
The effect of reaction time (t) was also examined in the
present study. After t was prolonged to over 15 min, both the
fluorescence intensities of the sample reaction (F) and the
blank reaction (F0) decreased rapidly. A plot of ΔF versus t
over the range from 2 min to 12 min is shown in Fig. 7,
which shows that the (ΔF – t) curve is linear in the range
from 2 min to 8 min. The linear relationship can be
30
25
20
15
10
5
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75
-8
Concentration of RhB /10 mol/L
Temperature / 0C
Fig. 4 Effect of RhB concentration on the ΔF value
Fig. 6 Effect of temperature on the ΔF value

J Fluoresc (2013) 23:641–647
645
30
25
20
15
10
5
does not affect F, which remains unchanged for over 2 h.
Therefore, 1.0 mL of 1.5 mol/L sodium acetate can be added
into the reaction solution to terminate the reaction.
Analytical Characteristics
Under optimal conditions, the calibration graph for BPS was
obtained using the fixed-time method. The linear relation-
ship between ΔF and the BPS concentration was obtained
in the range from 0.035 mg/L to 0.750 mg/L. The regression
equation is:
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
t /min
ΔF ¼ 3:155 þ 59:53C
ð3Þ
Fig. 7 Effect of reaction time on the ΔF value
where C represents the BPS concentration (mg/L), and the
regression coefficient of Eq. (3) is 0.9993. The detection
limit (CL) was calculated using the following equation:
described as follows:
ΔF ¼ 4:095 þ 2:872t ðminÞ
ð2Þ
CL ¼ 3 Sb=S
ð4Þ
The regression coefficient of Eq. (2) is 0.9912. Therefore,
the appropriate time by which to conduct the experiments in
the present study is approximately 8.0 min. The apparent
reaction rate constant is k=ΔF/t=4.64×10−2s−1.
where Sb and S are the standard deviation of the blank
reagent measurements (n=11) and the slope of the calibra-
tion graph, respectively. Thus, the limit of detection of BPS
is 0.021 mg/L. The relative standard deviations are 2.74 %
and 1.87 %, respectively, for 11 replicated determinations of
0.20 mg/L and 0.40 mg/L BPS.
Reaction Termination
Two reaction-terminating methods were investigated. One
method involved cooling of the reaction to room temperature
with running water while the other involved the addition of a
reaction-terminating agent, in this case, 1.5 mol/L sodium
acetate solution. The relationship between the fluorescence
intensity F of the sample reaction and the storage time is shown
in Fig. 8. F decreased slowly with an increase in the storage
time by cooling with running water, while the F remained
constant after addition of the reaction-terminating agent. The
results indicate that the fluorescence-quenching reaction takes
place in an acidic solution and cannot be stopped by cooling
with running water only. This fluorescence-quenching reaction
is effectively terminated by the addition of sodium acetate,
which reduces the solution acidity to neutrality and even to
alkalescence. Furthermore, the sodium acetate concentration
Selectivity
To study the selectivity of the proposed method, the effect of a
series of foreign substances on the determination of 0.60 mg/L
BPS was tested under optimal conditions. Some ions com-
monly existing in water, as well as organic substances that
could be used in HPLC and GC, were chosen for the selectiv-
ity test. When the effect of each foreign species on the peak
height is less than 10.0 %, the species is assumed not to
interfere in the determination of BPS. The results of selectivity
testing are summarized in Table 1. Even>1000-fold concen-
trations of CH3COO-, EDTA, and ethanol exhibited no inter-
ference in the proposed method. No interference was also
found when 400-fold concentrations of sodium citrate and
200
Table 1 Effects of foreign substances on the determination of
0.60 mg/L BPS
a
180
160
140
120
100
80
Foreign substance
Maximum
tolerable
ratioa
a--add a terminating agent
b--cool with running water
-
Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, NH4+, NO3 , PO43-, CH3COO-,
1000
b
60
EDTA, ethanol
F-, SO42-, sodium citrate, potassium sodium tartrate
Zn2+, acetone, OP emulsifier, sodium dodecyl sulfate
Phenol, catechol, hydroquinone, resorcinol
400
100
8
40
20
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Storage time /min
Fig. 8 Effect of reaction-terminating method on the F value
a 1000 is the highest ratio tested

646
J Fluoresc (2013) 23:641–647
Table 2 Determination of BPS derived from plastic film samples
potassium sodium tartrate, 100-fold concentrations of acetone,
OP emulsifier and sodium dodecyl sulfate, as well as 8-fold
concentrations of phenol, catechol, hydroquinone, and resorcinol
coexisted in the solution. The interference of some phenolic
compounds can be eliminated when determining real samples
by separation of these compounds through distillation [22].
Sample
Added mg/L
Detected after
addeda mg/L
RSD
(%)
Recoverya
(%)
1
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.3
0.21
0.33
0.48
0.16
0.24
0.35
0.13
0.35
0.46
3.0
3.2
2.8
4.6
2.4
3.1
3.9
2.7
1.1
106.5
94.1
2
3
Application
92.3
97.2
The proposed method was applied to determine BPS in
samples and evaluate its applicability. The samples were
prepared and treated based on the procedure previously
described in “Sample preparation”. The BPS content in
samples was determined by inhibited fluorescence analysis,
and the results are listed in Table 2. The experimental
recoveries of 92.3 % to 107.0 % indicate that no serious
interference occurs in the samples. Hence, the method is
well applicable for real samples.
106.1
107.0
a Average of three determinations
sulfuric acid, which can further promote the oxidation of
bromate. Sulfate ion can be detected with barium ions in
high BPS concentrations.
In the presence of a low H+ concentration after dilution,
the following reactions may occur:
Proposed Reaction Mechanism
RhB emits very strong fluorescence in an acid medium. How-
ever, the fluorescence of RhB is quenched after the addition of
potassium bromate. Combined with the data reported in the
literature [23–25], a possible reaction mechanism among
RhB, BPS and potassium bromate is as follows:
BrO3ꢀ þ RhB þ Hþ ! RhB ðOxÞ þ Brꢀ
BrO3ꢀ þ Brꢀ þ Hþ ! Br2 þ 3H2O
RhB þ Br2 ! RhB ꢂ Br þ Brꢀ
When the H+ concentration is low, BPS cannot be oxi-
dized by bromate. In contrast, the fluorescent dye RhB is not
only oxidized [shown in reaction (5)], but also reacted with
bromine produced from reaction (7). Both reactions result in
the quenching of the RhB fluorescence. Bromine can be
captured with carbon tetrachloride in high-concentration
reagents.
ð5Þ
ð7Þ
ð8Þ
In the presence of a high H+ concentration prior to
dilution, several reactions could occur as follows:
BrO3ꢀ þ RhB þ Hþ ! RhB ðOxÞ þ Brꢀ
ð5Þ
BrO3ꢀ þ BPS þ Hþ ! CO2 þ H2O þ SO42ꢀ þ Brꢀ ð6Þ
Reaction (5) is an indicative reaction, and the oxidation
of bromate in this reaction is enhanced by an increase in H+
concentration. When the H+ concentration is too high, BPS
is also oxidized by bromate, as shown in reaction (6), which
would greatly reduce the inhibitory effect of BPS. The
sulfonyl group in BPS, a strong polar group, gives rise to
According to the BPS property [26], BPS can react with
bromine by bromination reaction on the benzene rings. The
reaction is as follows:
Br
Br
O
O
4 HBr
HO
S
OH
HO
S
OH
4 Br
ð9Þ
+
+
2
O
O
Br
Br
When it is added, BPS could join in the series of re-
with BPS has an obvious inhibitory effect on the quenching
reactions. BPS consumes some bromine during the reaction,
thereby resulting in enhancements in the fluorescence inten-
sity of the reaction system. Under specific conditions, the
actions according to the experiment’s results. Reaction (9)
occurs more easily than reaction (8), thus slowing down the
reaction rate of bromine with RhB. This reaction of bromine

J Fluoresc (2013) 23:641–647
647
10. Ryoko KN, Ryushi N, Takashi M (2005) Estrogenic activity of
alkylphenols, bisphenol S, and their chlorinated derivatives using a
GFP expression system. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 19(1):121–
130
concentration of added BPS has a linear relationship with
the fluorescence recovery of the system.
11. Grignard E, Lapenna S, Bremer S (2012) Weak estrogenic tran-
scriptional activities of Bisphenol A and Bisphenol S. Toxicol Vitr
26(5):727–731
Conclusions
12. Li Y, Hu SQ, Yin DQ (2003) Primary screening and evaluation of
endocrine disrupting activities of eleven substituted phenols.
Environ Chem 22(4):385–389
13. Viñas P, Campillo N, Hernández-Córdoba M (2010) Comparison of
two derivatization-based methods for solid-phase microextraction-
gas chromatography–mass spectrometric determination of Bisphenol
A, Bisphenol S and Biphenol migrated from food cans. Anal Bioanal
Chem 397(1):115–125
14. Zhao RS, Wang X, Yuan JP (2009) Solid-phase extraction of
bisphenol A, nonylphenol and 4-octylphenol from environ-
mental water samples using microporous bamboo charcoal,
and their determination by HPLC. Microchimica Acta 165
(3–4):443–447
A kinetic-synchronous fluorometric method for BPS deter-
mination has been established based on the strong inhibitory
effect of BPS on the fluorescence quenching of RhB in a
potassium bromate-phosphoric acid system. Applicability
tests demonstrate that the proposed method is feasible for
the quantitative analysis of BPS in actual samples. Com-
pared with chromatographic approaches, the proposed fluo-
rimetric method is rapid, inexpensive, and has a simpler
operation. Thus, this method is easier to popularize.
Acknowledgments This work was supported by the Natural Science
Research Project of Changzhou Institute of Technology (YN1009),
Science and Technology Program of Changzhou (CJ20120020) and
Universities Natural Sciences Research Project of Jiangsu Province
(12KJD610001).
15. Cao GP, Wang BB, Ding QC (2010) Determination of bisphenol S
by ultraviolet spectrophotometric method. Chemistry &
Bioengineering 27(10):86–88
16. Afkhami A, Afshar-E-Asl A (2000) Kinetic-spectophotometric
determination of hydrazine by the inhibition of the bromate-
hydrochloric acid reaction. Anal Chim Acta 419:101–106
17. Zhuang YF, Zhang JT, Cao GP (2008) Simple and sensitive
electrochemiluminescence method for determination of bisphenol
A based on its inhibitory effect on the electrochemiluminescence
of luminol. J Chin Chem Soc 55:994–1000
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