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Potassium cyanide

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Name

Potassium cyanide

EINECS 205-792-3
CAS No. 151-50-8 Density 1.00 g/mL at 20 °C
PSA 23.79000 LogP 0.01678
Solubility Soluble in water Melting Point 634.5 °C
Formula KCN Boiling Point 1625 °C
Molecular Weight 65.116 Flash Point 1625°C
Transport Information UN 1680 6.1/PG 1 Appearance White crystalline solid
Safety 7-28-29-45-60-61 Risk Codes 26/27/28-32-50/53
Molecular Structure Molecular Structure of 151-50-8 (Potassium cyanide) Hazard Symbols DangerousN, VeryT+
Synonyms

Potassiumcyanide (8CI);Cyanide of potassium;Hydrocyanic acid, potassium salt;Kalium cyanid;Potassium cyanide (K(CN));

Article Data 86

Potassium cyanide Synthetic route

74-90-8

hydrogen cyanide

917-58-8

potassium ethoxide

151-50-8

potassium cyanide

74-90-8

hydrogen cyanide

151-50-8

potassium cyanide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With potassium hydroxide; ethanol
590-28-3

potassium cyanate

151-50-8

potassium cyanide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
at 700℃;
at 900℃;
333-20-0

potassium thioacyanate

497-19-8

sodium carbonate

151-50-8

potassium cyanide

86-74-8

9H-carbazole

KOH

KOH

151-50-8

potassium cyanide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
anschl. Gluehen;
anschl. Gluehen;
108-80-5

cyanuric acid

potassium

potassium

151-50-8

potassium cyanide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Schmelzen mit viel Kalium;

N-(benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl-cyano-methyl)-glycin-ethyl ester

alcoholic KOH-solution

alcoholic KOH-solution

A

N-piperonylidene-glycine

B

151-50-8

potassium cyanide

99-11-6

citrazinic acid

potassium hydroxide

potassium hydroxide

A

151-50-8

potassium cyanide

B

144-62-7

oxalic acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
beim Schmelzen;
859802-57-6

2,6-diethyl-5-methyl-3H-pyrimidin-4-one

potassium hydroxide

potassium hydroxide

A

7664-41-7

ammonia

B

151-50-8

potassium cyanide

C

64-19-7

acetic acid

D

802294-64-0

propionic acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
beim Schmelzen;
69-93-2

uric Acid

potassium hydroxide

potassium hydroxide

A

590-28-3

potassium cyanate

B

151-50-8

potassium cyanide

C

potassium carbonate

potassium carbonate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
im bedeckten Tiegel;

Potassium cyanide Specification

The IUPAC name of Potassium cyanide is potassium cyanide. With the CAS registry number 151-50-8, it is also named as Hydrocyanic acid, potassium salt. The product's categories are Inorganics; ACS Grade; Essential Chemicals; Routine Reagents; Masking AgentsAnalytical Reagents for General Use; Complexometric Titration (IDRANAL); O-P, Puriss p.a. ACS; Puriss p.a. ACS; Titration; Masking Agents; O-P, Puriss p.a.; Puriss p.a., and the other registry numbers are 133708-36-8; 15745-74-1; 60195-52-0. Besides, it is white granular powder or crystals, which should be sealed in a cool and dry warehouse. In addition, its molecular formula is CKN and molecular weight is 65.12.

The other characteristics of this product can be summarized as: (1)EINECS: 205-792-3; (2)H-Bond Donor: 0; (3)H-Bond Acceptor: 2; (4)Rotatable Bond Count: 0; (5)Exact Mass: 64.966781; (6)MonoIsotopic Mass: 64.966781; (7)Topological Polar Surface Area: 23.8; (8)Heavy Atom Count: 3; (9)Complexity: 12.8; (10)Density: 1.52 g/cm3; (11)Melting point: 634.5 °C; (12)Boiling point: 1625 °C; (13)Flash Point: 1625 °C; (14)Solubility in water: 71.6 g/100 ml (25 °C).

Preparation of Potassium cyanide: this chemical can be prepared by the treatment of Hydrogen cyanide with Potassium hydroxide:
HCN + KOH → KCN + H2O

Uses of Potassium cyanide: it is widely used in organic synthesis for the preparation of nitriles and carboxylic acids. It is also used in electroplating, such as jewelry for chemical gilding and buffing. And this product has been used as a killing agent in collecting jars by entomologists. Additionally, this chemical can form water-soluble salts from gold metal in the presence of air in gold mining:
4 Au + 8 KCN + O2 + 2 H2O → 4 K[Au(CN)2] + 4 KOH

When you are using this chemical, please be cautious about it as the following: it is very toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. And it would liberate very toxic gas in contact with acid. Please keep container tightly closed and do not empty into drains. After contact with skin, you should wash immediately with plenty of soap-suds. Moreover, it is very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) And this material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste. Please avoid release to the environment and refer to special instructions / safety data sheets.

People can use the following data to convert to the molecule structure.
(1)Canonical SMILES: [C-]#N.[K+]
(2)InChI: InChI=1S/CN.K/c1-2;/q-1;+1
(3)InChIKey: NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N

The toxicity data is as follows:

Organism Test Type Route Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) Effect Source
cat LD50 intravenous 2200ug/kg (2.2mg/kg)   Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Vol. 35, Pg. 316, 1936.
dog LD50 subcutaneous 6mg/kg (6mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD Archiv fuer Toxikologie. Vol. 21, Pg. 89, 1965.
dog LDLo intravenous 5mg/kg (5mg/kg)   "Drug Dosages in Laboratory Animals - A Handbook," Rev. ed., Barnes, C.D., and L.G. Eltherington, Berkeley, Univ. of California Press, 1973Vol. -, Pg. 209, 1973.
frog LDLo subcutaneous 60mg/kg (60mg/kg)   Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. Vol. 3, Pg. 77, 1897.
guinea pig LDLo intraarterial 5mg/kg (5mg/kg)   Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 131, Pg. 171, 1928.
guinea pig LDLo intraperitoneal 8mg/kg (8mg/kg)   Comptes Rendus des Seances de la Societe de Biologie et de Ses Filiales. Vol. 96, Pg. 202, 1927.
guinea pig LDLo intravenous 5mg/kg (5mg/kg)   Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 131, Pg. 171, 1928.
guinea pig LDLo subcutaneous 8mg/kg (8mg/kg)   Comptes Rendus des Seances de la Societe de Biologie et de Ses Filiales. Vol. 96, Pg. 202, 1927.
human LDLo oral 2857ug/kg (2.857mg/kg)   "Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W.B., New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1969Vol. -, Pg. 191, 1969.
man TDLo oral 13699ug/kg (13.699mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD

BEHAVIORAL: COMA
Journal of Toxicology, Clinical Toxicology. Vol. 25, Pg. 121, 1987.
mouse LD50 intraperitoneal 5991ug/kg (5.991mg/kg)   Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology. Vol. 2, Pg. 95, 1972.
mouse LD50 intravenous 2600ug/kg (2.6mg/kg) PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: FLACCID PARALYSIS WITHOUT ANESTHESIA (USUALLY NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKAGE)

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY STIMULATION

BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. Vol. 3, Pg. 99, 1954.
mouse LD50 oral 8500ug/kg (8.5mg/kg)   Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 161, Pg. 163, 1968.
mouse LD50 subcutaneous 6500ug/kg (6.5mg/kg)   Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. Vol. 54, Pg. 1057, 1958.
pigeon LD50 intramuscular 4mg/kg (4mg/kg)   Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. Vol. 3, Pg. 99, 1954.
rabbit LD50 intramuscular 3256ug/kg (3.256mg/kg)   Journal of the American College of Toxicology. Vol. 1(3), Pg. 120, 1982.
rabbit LD50 intraperitoneal 3972ug/kg (3.972mg/kg) BLOOD: OTHER CHANGES Toxicologist. Vol. 3, Pg. 64, 1983.
rabbit LD50 ocular 7870ug/kg (7.87mg/kg) SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: OTHER: EYE

BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY STIMULATION
Journal of Toxicology, Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology. Vol. 2, Pg. 119, 1983.
rabbit LD50 oral 5mg/kg (5mg/kg)   "Drug Dosages in Laboratory Animals - A Handbook," Rev. ed., Barnes, C.D., and L.G. Eltherington, Berkeley, Univ. of California Press, 1973Vol. -, Pg. 209, 1973.
rabbit LD50 subcutaneous 4mg/kg (4mg/kg) LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. Vol. 3, Pg. 99, 1954.
rat LD50 intraperitoneal 4mg/kg (4mg/kg) LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES Journal of Applied Physiology. Vol. 32, Pg. 315, 1972.
rat LD50 intravenous 3600ug/kg (3.6mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: ALTERED SLEEP TIME (INCLUDING CHANGE IN RIGHTING REFLEX)

BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD

LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA
Drug Development Research. Vol. 5, Pg. 225, 1985.
rat LD50 oral 5mg/kg (5mg/kg)   Archives of Toxicology. Vol. 54, Pg. 275, 1983.
rat LD50 subcutaneous 7814ug/kg (7.814mg/kg)   Archives of Toxicology, Supplement. Vol. 14, Pg. 231, 1991.
rat LDLo intramuscular 8mg/kg (8mg/kg)   "Drug Dosages in Laboratory Animals - A Handbook," Rev. ed., Barnes, C.D., and L.G. Eltherington, Berkeley, Univ. of California Press, 1973Vol. -, Pg. 209, 1973.
women TDLo oral 100mg/kg (100mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD

CARDIAC: PULSE RATE INCREASE WITHOUT FALL IN BP

VASCULAR: BP LOWERING NOT CHARACTERIZED IN AUTONOMIC SECTION
American Journal of Emergency Medicine. Vol. 1, Pg. 94, 1983.