105-70-4

Usage

Uses

Used in Food Industry:
2-Hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl diacetate is used as an additive in the food industry for its flavoring properties, enhancing the taste and aroma of various products.
Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
In the pharmaceutical industry, 2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl diacetate is utilized as an excipient, serving multiple purposes such as a humectant to maintain moisture, a plasticizer to improve flexibility, and a solvent for dissolving other ingredients.
Used in Fuel Industry:
2-Hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl diacetate is also employed as a fuel additive, specifically as an antiknock agent, to improve the combustion process and reduce engine knocking in internal combustion engines.

InChI:InChI=1/C7H12O5/c1-5(8)11-3-7(10)4-12-6(2)9/h7,10H,3-4H2,1-2H3

Upstream product

• 96-23-1 1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol 
• 127-09-3 sodium acetate 
• 127-08-2 potassium acetate 
• 96-24-2 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol 
• 102-76-1 triacetylglycerol 
• 141-78-6 ethyl acetate 
• 56-81-5 glycerol 
• 64-19-7 acetic acid 
• 79-20-9 acetic acid methyl ester 
• 108-24-7 acetic anhydride 
• 75-36-5 acetyl chloride 
• 591-87-7 Allyl acetate 
• 6946-10-7 1,3-diacetoxyacetone 
• 123-92-2 3-methyl-1-butyl acetate 

Downstream Products

• 72155-44-3 [1-(4-Chloro-benzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl]-acetic acid 2-acetoxy-1-acetoxymethyl-ethyl ester 
• 97845-60-8 9-<4-acetoxy-3-(acetoxymethyl)butyl>-2-amino-6-chloro-9H-purine 
• 102-76-1 triacetylglycerol 
• 84960-04-3 N²-acetyl-9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine 
• 1312335-52-6 2-(((4-nitrophenoxy)carbonyl)oxy)propane-1,3-diyl diacetate 
• 86357-14-4 9-(1,3-diacetoxy-2-propoxymethyl)-N²-acetylguanine 
• 3775-29-9 1,3-diacetoxy-2-methylenepropane 
• 1450880-23-5 Z-dimethyl-4’-(3-benzoyl-5-methyl-2,4-dioxo-pyrimidin-1-yl)-3’-(acetyloxymethyl)-but-2’-enylphosphonate 
• 1450880-22-4 Z-dimethyl-4’-(3-benzoyl-2,4-dioxo-pyrimidin-1-yl)-3’-(acetyloxymethyl)-but-2’-enylphosphonate 
• 1369534-94-0 2-(4-bromophenoxy)-1,3-diacetoxypropane 
• 79-20-9 acetic acid methyl ester 
• 56-81-5 glycerol 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Supramolecular behavior of fluorous polyglycerol dendrons and polyglycerol dendrimers with perfluorinated shells in water

In this article, we describe the synthesis of a perfluoro-tagged polyglycerol dendron and its aggregation behavior in the presence of polyglycerol dendrimers with perfluorinated shells in water. The perfluoro-alkyl-perfluoro-alkyl interactions between the perfluorinated shells of the dendrimers and the perfluorinated tags of the dendrons lead to highly stable supramolecular architectures, due to self-assembly of the perfluorinated moieties. Furthermore, we show that the size of the resulting supramolecular complexes can be tuned by simple variation of the dendrimer-dendron ratio. Complexes at various ratios are characterized by optical microscopy, DLS, and TEM. In general, the results presented herein demonstrate that perfluoro-alkyl-perfluoro-alkyl interactions are applicable for the formation of stable supramolecular structures in water and thus provide a new tool for the design of supramolecular architectures in addition to traditional non-covalent interactions.

Newer Non-ionic A2B2-Type Enzyme-Responsive Amphiphiles for Drug Delivery

A new series of nonionic gemini amphiphiles have been synthesized in a multi-step chemoenzymatic approach by using a novel A2B2-type central core consisting of conjugating glycerol and propargyl bromide on 5-hydroxy isophthalic acid. A pair of hydrophilic monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) and hydrophobic linear alkyl chains (C12/C15) were then added to the core to obtain amphiphilic architectures. The aggregation tendency in aqueous media was studied by dynamic light scattering, fluorescence spectroscopy and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. The nanotransport potential of the amphiphiles was studied for model hydrophobic guests, that is, the dye Nile Red and the drug Nimodipine by using UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Evaluation of the viability of amphiphile-treated A549 cells showed them to be well tolerated up to the concentrations studied. Being ester based, these amphiphiles exhibit stimuli-responsive sensitivity towards esterases, and a rupture of amphiphilic architecture was observed in the presence of immobilized Candida antarctica lipase (Novozym 435), thus facilitating release of the encapsulated guest from the aggregate.

A Kinetic Investigation of Triacetin Methanolysis and Assessment of the Stability of a Sulfated Zirconium Oxide Catalyst

In this work, the activity and stability of a sulfated zirconium catalyst in transesterification reactions of triacetin, a model molecule, were investigated. This catalyst has Lewis and Br?nsted acid sites and has shown to be highly active in reactions converting triacetin into methyl esters. This catalyst was synthesized using the impregnation method, and systematically characterized using the techniques of x-rays diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller, and thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA). Kinetic studies were carried out to determine the activation energy as well as the reaction order. The effects of the main reaction parameters, such as temperature, the molar ratio, and the catalyst content, were evaluated. The reuse and possible leaching of the catalyst were also investigated. The highest efficiency (ca. 99% of methyl esters) was achieved in the sulfated zirconium oxide-catalyzed transesterification reaction.

Design and Synthesis of Novel Triazolyl Benzoxazine Derivatives and Evaluation of Their Antiproliferative and Antibacterial Activity

A series of novel triazolyl benzoxazine derivatives have been synthesized via Cu(I)-catalyzed ‘Click’ cycloaddition. All of the compounds were fully characterized from their spectral data, and their antiproliferative activity was evaluated against three selected human cancer cell lines: cervical cancer cells (HeLa), colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT-29), and ovarian adenocarcinoma (SKOV-3). A few representative compounds have also been evaluated for their antibacterial potential against two bacterial strains Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis.

Non-ionic dendronized multiamphiphilic polymers as nanocarriers for biomedical applications

A new class of non-ionic dendronized multiamphiphilic polymers is prepared from a biodegradable (AB)n-type diblock polymer synthesized from 2-azido-1,3-propanediol (azido glycerol) and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-600 diethylester using Novozym-43

Aggregation Behavior of Non-ionic Twinned Amphiphiles and Their Application as Biomedical Nanocarriers

A new class of twinned amphiphiles was developed by conjugating a pair of hydrophilic head groups from mPEG chains (Mn: 350 or 1000) and a pair of hydrophobic segments from linear alkyl chains (C11 or C18) through a novel spacer synthesized from glycerol and p-hydroxybenzoic acid. The aggregation phenomena of the amphiphiles were proven by DLS and fluorescence experiments, whereas size and morphology of the aggregates were evaluated by cryo-TEM. The measurements proved the formation of globular, thread-like or rod-like micelles as well as planar double-layer assemblies, depending on the amphiphile's molecular structure. The applicability of these non-ionic amphiphilic systems as nanocarriers for hydrophobic guest molecules was demonstrated by encapsulating a hydrophobic dye, Nile Red, and a hydrophobic drug, Nimodipine. The transport capacity results for both Nimodipine and Nile Red prove them as a promising candidate for drug delivery.

NO donors. Part 18: Bioactive metabolites of GTN and PETN-Synthesis and vasorelaxant properties

The vasodilators glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) and pentaerythrityl tetranitrate (PETN) are supposed to be degraded in vivo to the lower nitrates PETriN, PEDN, PEMN, 1,2-GDN, 1,3-GDN, 1-GMN, and 2-GMN. We synthesized these bioactive metabolites as reference compounds for pharmacokinetic studies. The use of HPLC-methods for monitoring the stepwise reduction of PETN to lower nitrates and the syntheses of the glyceryl dinitrates proved advantageous. Furthermore, we measured the vasorelaxant properties of all metabolites by performing organ bath experiments with porcine pulmonary arteries. In general, the vasodilator potency increases with the number of nitrate moieties in the compound.

Synthesis of non-ionic bolaamphiphiles and study of their self-assembly and transport behaviour for drug delivery applications

A series of four bolaamphiphiles with different hydrophilic units has been synthesised. All the amphiphiles were well characterised from their physiochemical data. The aggregation tendency of newly synthesised amphiphiles was studied using fluorescence spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). Furthermore, their application as nanocarriers for hydrophobic guests was demonstrated by using two established standards, i.e. the dye Nile red and the drug nimodipine. A cytotoxicity and cellular uptake study has been carried out using A549 cells. Due to the presence of an ester linkage in PEG based bolaamphiphiles, a drug release study was performed in the presence of an immobilized enzyme Novozym-435 (a lipase).

Transesterification of triacetin and castor oil with methanol catalyzed by supported polyaniline-sulfate. A role of polymer morphology

Polyaniline-sulfate deposited on three different carriers was studied for transesterification of triacetin and castor oil with methanol at mild reaction conditions (temperature of 55 °C). Multi-wall carbon nanotubes (CNT), carbon and silica were coated with polyaniline sulfate (ca. 20 wt%) during polymerization of aniline. Because of different textural and hydrophobic properties of the carriers, the polymer coatings of various morphologies were obtained as evidenced by the electron microscopy technique. A uniform coating of CNT with polymer resulted in the most extended polymer structure. Nanorods of polymer forming branched dendritic structures appeared in the other two carbon and silica carriers. The acid capacity and the strength of acid sites were similar in all studied catalysts. All the samples were found to be active solid acid catalysts in methanolysis of both studied triglycerides and CNT-coated polyaniline sulfate exhibited the highest activity. The course of reaction during methanolysis of triacetin on CNT-containing catalyst was similar to that in the presence of soluble sulfuric acid. On the other hand, a partial blockage of active sites was observed in carbon and silica coated with polyaniline sulfate. A blockage effect was ascribed to strong interaction of acid sites with more polar reagents among them diacetin and glycerol. These interactions were facilitated by aggregated fibriral morphology of the polymer coating resulting in locally high density of acid sites.

4'-ETHYNYL-2'-DEOXYADENOSINE DERIVATIVES AND THEIR USE IN HIV THERAPY

The invention relates to compounds of Formulae (I)-(II), salts thereof, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, as well as methods of treating or preventing HIV in subjects.