318-98-9 Usage
Chemical Properties
Off-White to Light-Yellow Cyrstalline Solid
Uses
Different sources of media describe the Uses of 318-98-9 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. β?Adrenergic blocker. Antihypertensive; antianginal; antiarrhythmic (class II).
2. For the prophylaxis of migraine
3. Propranolol, a β-adrenergic blocker, is most commonly used to reduce blood pressure; treatment of over-active thyroid and
some types of tremor; prevention of migraine headaches and some heart-rhythm problems; used to decrease the number of angina
attacks (pain from an inadequate oxygen supply to the heart); used after a heart attack to prevent further damage to the heart.
4. (±)-Propranolol hydrochloride has been used:to determine whether autonomic nervous system mediated the promotive effect on skin microcirculation in rat as a non-selective β- receptor blocker to reduce the arrhythmogenic events to study its effect on oxygen-induced retinopathy in mice
Brand name
Inderal (Wyeth); Innopran (Reliant).
General Description
Propranolol hydrochloride is easily soluble in ethanol and water.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Propranolol hydrochloride is a β-adrenoceptor antagonist. Its action at β2 receptor results in bronchoconstriction. Due to its lipophilic nature, propranolol can penetrate to the central nervous system and has a negative effect. It serves as a 5-HT1/5-HT2 serotonin receptor antagonist. Propranolol hydrochloride is useful as an antihypertensive drug, cardiac depressant and also in the treatment of angina pectoris. It decreases the effect of stress and exercise on heart by reducing the rate of contraction and conduction of impulse. It is known to competitively block the action of catecholamines.
Clinical Use
Beta-adrenoceptor blocker:
Hypertension
Phaeochromocytoma
Angina
Arrhythmias
Anxiety
Migraine prophylaxis
Veterinary Drugs and Treatments
While propranolol is used for hypertension, migraine headache prophylaxis,
and angina in human patients, it is used primarily in veterinary
medicine for its antiarrhythmic effects. Dysrhythmias treated
with propranolol include: atrial premature complexes, ventricular
premature complexes, supraventricular premature complexes and
tachyarrhythmias, ventricular or atrial tachyarrhythmias secondary
to digitalis, atrial tachycardia secondary to Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) with normal QRS complexes, and atrial fibrillation (generally
in combination with digoxin). Propranolol reportedly improves
cardiac performance in animals with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
It has been used to treat systemic hypertension and clinical signs associated
with thyrotoxicosis and pheochromocytoma.
Drug interactions
Potentially hazardous interactions with other drugs
Anaesthetics: enhanced hypotensive effect; risk of
bupivacaine toxicity increased.
Analgesics: NSAIDs antagonise hypotensive effect.
Anti-arrhythmics: increased risk of myocardial
depression and bradycardia; increased risk of
bradycardia, myocardial depression and AV block
with amiodarone; concentration increased by
propafenone and possibly dronedarone; increased
risk of myocardial depression and bradycardia with
flecainide; increased risk of lidocaine toxicity.
Antibacterials: metabolism increased by rifampicin.
Antidepressants: enhanced hypotensive effect with
MAOIs; concentration increased by fluvoxamine;
concentration of imipramine increased.
Antihypertensives; enhanced hypotensive effect;
increased risk of withdrawal hypertension with
clonidine; increased risk of first dose hypotensive
effect with post-synaptic alpha-blockers such as
prazosin.
Antimalarials: increased risk of bradycardia with
mefloquine.
Antipsychotics enhanced hypotensive effect with
phenothiazines; concentration of both drugs
increased with chlorpromazine.
Calcium-channel blockers: increased risk of
bradycardia and AV block with diltiazem;
hypotension and heart failure possible with
nifedipine and nisoldipine; asystole, severe
hypotension and heart failure with verapamil.
Cytotoxics: possible increased risk of bradycardia
with crizotinib.
Diuretics: enhanced hypotensive effect.
Fingolimod: possibly increased risk of bradycardia.
Moxisylyte: possible severe postural hypotension.
Sympathomimetics: severe hypertension with
adrenaline and noradrenaline and possibly with
dobutamine.
Metabolism
Propranolol is subject to considerable hepatic-tissue
binding and first-pass metabolism. It is metabolised in the
liver to an active metabolite (4-hydroxypropranolol) and
several inactive ones.
The metabolites and small amounts of unchanged drug
are excreted in the urine.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 318-98-9 includes 6 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 3 digits, 3,1 and 8 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 9 and 8 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 318-98:
(5*3)+(4*1)+(3*8)+(2*9)+(1*8)=69
69 % 10 = 9
So 318-98-9 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C16H21NO2.ClH/c1-12(2)17-10-14(18)11-19-16-9-5-7-13-6-3-4-8-15(13)16;/h3-9,12,14,17-18H,10-11H2,1-2H3;1H
318-98-9Relevant articles and documents
Preparation method of propranolol hydrochloride
-
Paragraph 0039-0053, (2021/04/03)
The invention discloses a preparation method of propranolol hydrochloride. Thepreparation method comprises the following steps: synthesizing a crude product by a one-pot method, namely in an organic solvent, sequentially carrying out nucleophilic substitution and aminolysis reaction and TLC monitoring reaction in the presence of a catalyst under alkaline conditions by taking 1-naphthol, epoxy bromopropane and isopropylamine as main raw materials, then acidifying to obtain crude propranolol hydrochloride product, and finally refining and purifying the crude product to obtain a propranolol hydrochloride finished product. The purity of the propranolol hydrochloride finished product is 99.8% or above, and the preparation method is short in synthetic route, easy to operate, high in yield, smallin pollution and particularly suitable for industrial production.
Covalent Organic Frameworks with Chirality Enriched by Biomolecules for Efficient Chiral Separation
Zhang, Sainan,Zheng, Yunlong,An, Hongde,Aguila, Briana,Yang, Cheng-Xiong,Dong, Yueyue,Xie, Wei,Cheng, Peng,Zhang, Zhenjie,Chen, Yao,Ma, Shengqian
supporting information, p. 16754 - 16759 (2018/11/27)
The separation of racemic compounds is important in many fields, such as pharmacology and biology. Taking advantage of the intrinsically strong chiral environment and specific interactions featured by biomolecules, here we contribute a general strategy is developed to enrich chirality into covalent organic frameworks (COFs) by covalently immobilizing a series of biomolecules (amino acids, peptides, enzymes) into achiral COFs. Inheriting the strong chirality and specific interactions from the immobilized biomolecules, the afforded biomolecules?COFs serve as versatile and highly efficient chiral stationary phases towards various racemates in both normal and reverse phase of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The different interactions between enzyme secondary structure and racemates were revealed by surface-enhanced Raman scattering studies, accounting for the observed chiral separation capacity of enzymes?COFs.
Substituted aromatic amino-alcohol compound, and preparation method and application thereof
-
Paragraph 0122-0125, (2019/01/05)
The invention relates to a compound of a formula (I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. In the formula (I), Ar is an aryl, a heteroaryl or the aryl or the heteroaryl which is substituted byone or more of C1-C6 alkyl, halogen, hydroxyl, amido, sulfydryl, aryl or heterocyclyl; X is O, NH or S; R is C1-C4 fatty alkyl or the C1-C4 fatty alkyl which is substituted by halogen or phenyl; n equals to 1 to 3. The invention also provides a preparation method and application of the compound of the formula (I) or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The compound provided by the invention can be used for treatment of hemangiomas or vascular malformations. (The formula (I) is shown in the description).