354-21-2Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Manufacturing method of HCFC-123 and/or HCFC-122
-
Paragraph 0139-0141, (2019/12/25)
The present invention relates to a method for producing HCFC-123 (2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane) and/or HCFC-122 (1,1,2-trichloro-2,2-difluoroethane), wherein at least one reaction step is performed in a microreactor. In particular, a preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for producing HCFC-123 (2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane) and/or HCFC-122 (1,1,2-trichloro-2,2-difluoroethane), wherein at least one reaction step is performed in a microreactor composed of or made of SiC ("SiC microreactor") or in a microreactor composed of or made of alloy (such as Hastelloy C). In one embodiment, the method for producing HCFC-123 (2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane) and/or HCFC-122 (1,1,2-trichloro-2,2-difluoroethane) can be effectively combined, because the HCFC-122(1,1,2-trichloro-2,2-difluoroethane) produced by the method according to the present invention using a microreactor, preferably a SiC microreactor, can be preferably and advantageously used as a raw material and/or intermediate material for the production of the HCFC-123 (2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane), and preferably also used for manufacturing the HCFC-123 (2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane) in a microreactor. During the manufacturing of the HCFC-123 and/or the HCFC-122, the HCFC-123 and/or the HCFC-122 can be easily purified and/or separated by using only a low energy consumption method, and the method for performing purification and/or separation preferably requires no distillation. Advantageously, the the HCFC-123 and/or the HCFC-122 can be easily separated from the excess HF and a catalyst in an energy-saving manner by phase separation.
HALOGENATION PROCESS OF 1,1-DIHALOETHENE
-
Page/Page column 7; 8, (2016/07/05)
The present invention concerns a halogenation process, in which a 1,1- dihaloethene CX2=CH2 (I) with at least one halogenation agent. The invention concerns further a process for the manufacture of chlorodifluoroacetic acid chloride (CDFAC), which comprise the steps of (a) chlorination of VF2, and (b) an oxidation process. Another object of the present invention is a process for the manufacture of agriculturally or pharmaceutically active compounds, comprising the halogenation and/or oxidation process.
Examples of catalytic and selective routes for fluorinated building blocks
Brunet, Sylvette
, p. 1067 - 1071 (2014/11/27)
Examples are presented for the catalytic fluorination of chlorinated starting materials in order to produce building blocks or HFCs. The fluorination of CF3CH2Cl, of CCl2=CCl2, of trichloromethoxylbenzenes and trichloromethoxybenzene involving nucleophilic substitution are reported. In all cases, HF was the fluorinating agent. Depending on the chlorinated substrate and the degree of fluorination required, liquid- or gas-phase processes were involved. Usually, catalysts were SbCl 5 in liquid phase and chromium oxide in gas phase. In the presence of SbCl5, at 90 °C under an initial pressure of 10 bar, the fluorination of CCl2=CCl2 leads mainly to the formation of CClF2CHCl2, and the active catalyst is an antimony mixed halide (SbCl3F2). In the same way, the presence of SbCl5 favored the formation of 1-trifluoromethyl-3- trichloromethylbenzene from bis-1,3-trichloromethylbenzene at low temperature (50 °C) and in the presence of a low amount of HF. Moreover, trichloromethoxybenzene was totally transformed into trifluoromethoxybenzene. At 380 °C and at atmospheric pressure, the transformation of CF 3CH2Cl into CF3CH2F was favored over chromium oxide-based catalyst modified by zinc (corresponding to a (Zn/Zn + Cr) molar ratio of 0.22).
PROCESS FOR PRODUCING PENTAFLUOROETHANE
-
Page/Page column 2-3, (2010/08/22)
The present invention relates to a process for producing pentafluoroethane. More particularly, the subject of the invention is a continuous process for producing pentafluoroethane comprising (i) a step of fluorinating perchloroethylene (PER) with hydrofluoric acid, in the gas phase, in the presence of a catalyst, (ii) a step of separating the products issuing from step (i) in order to give a fraction of light products and a fraction of heavy products, comprising hydrofluoric acid, unreacted perchloroethylene and under-fluorinated products, and (iii) a step of pretreating the fraction of heavy products before recycling to step (i).
PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FLUORINATED HYDROCARBONS
-
Page column 13-14, (2008/06/13)
A process of exchanging at least one heavier halogen in a halogenated hydrocarbon is described. It comprises reacting a perhaloethylene or pentahaloethane, with at most three fluorine atoms with anhydrous hydrofluoric acid in the liquid phase in the presence of an antimony halogenide, the reaction being carried out in a substantially inert vessel.
Enhanced Lewis acidity by aliovalent cation doping in metal fluorides
Kemnitz, Erhard,Zhu,Adamczyk
, p. 163 - 170 (2007/10/03)
A model regarding the generation of acidity in binary metal fluorides has been proposed and its validity has been examined for several binary fluoride systems with the general compositions MF3/M′F3 and MF2/M′F3. In accordance with this hypothesis, the binary systems (CrF3/AlF3, CrF3/FeF3 and AlF3/VF3) do not show acidities larger than the sum of the acidities of the component fluorides. The hypothesis predicts the generation of Lewis acidity when MF2 is the major component (host) and generation of Bronsted acidity when MF3 acts as the host for the MF2/M′F3. The experimental results (surface acidity and catalytic activity) confirmed the predictions made from this hypothesis for binary combinations MgF2/M′F3 (M′ = Cr, Al, Fe, V). The application of this model is discussed in terms of other parameters: ionic radii and the fluoride affinity of the metal fluorides involved.
Catalytic Liquid-phase Fluorination of Tetrachlorethene (PCE) with Titanium Antimony Mixed Halides
Batiot, Catherine,Brunet, Sylvette,Barrault, Joel,Blanchard, Michel
, p. 867 - 868 (2007/10/02)
A new catalyst consisting of a TiCl4-SbCl5 mixture with a molar composition Sb : Ti = 4 : 1 makes possible the fluorination of tetrachlorethene with liquid HF at 90 deg C.
Deuterium isotope studies of the hydrofluorination of chloroethenes over chromia catalysts
Kavanagh, David M. C.,Ryan, T. Anthony,Mile, Brynmor
, p. 167 - 176 (2007/10/02)
The mechanism of the catalytic fluorination of chloroalkenes over a chromia catalyst has been investigated by examining the effects of substituting DF for HF as the fluorine source for reaction with tetrachloroethene and trichloroethene.At a temperature of 250 degC and a HF (DF)/alkene molar ratio of 4.2:1, the rate of conversion of tetrachloroethene is increased by using DF and there is a concomitant increase in the selectivity to some chlorofluoroalkanes and a decrease in the selectivity to chlorofluoroalkenes.The opposite behaviour observed for the halogenated alkenes and alkanes indicates that the alkenes are not important intermediates in the production of the alkanes by a series of hydrofluorination and dehydrochlorination reactions.For tetrachloroethene, the main reaction pathway to the alkanes is a direct chlorine/fluorine exchange over a heavily fluorinated chromia surface with minimal C-H/C-D cleavage of intermediates.Substitution of DF for HF causes no change in the product selectivities from reaction with trichloroethene over chromia catalysts.However, the presence of dideutero - and monodeutero - products shows that both chlorine/fluorine exchange and HF addition / HCl elimination pathways are occurring for the less-substituted alkene.
REACTIONS OF CHLORINE MONOFLUORIDE. REGIOSPECIFICITY AND STEREOCHEMISTRY OF THE SUBSTITUTION OF BROMINE ATOMS BY FLUORINE IN HALOGEN-SUBSTITUTED ALKANES AND ESTERS
Boguslavskaya, L. S.,Chuvatkin, N. N.,Panteleeva, I. Yu.,Ternovskoi, L. A.
, p. 814 - 820 (2007/10/02)
Under mild conditions without catalysts chlorine monofluoride substitutes bromine atoms for fluorine in bromine-substituted alkanes and esters.Electron-donating substituents promote the substitution reaction.The following sequence is observed in the reactivity of the bromine atoms at the carbon: tertiary > secondary > primary.Halogen atoms (Cl, F) at a carbon containing a bromine also promotes substitution of the latter by fluorine.The reactivity of the bromine atoms decreases in the following order: CCl2Br(CClFBr) > CHClBr(CHFBr) > CH2Br.An alkoxycarbonyl group at a carbon containing bromine prevents substitution.In a number of cases substitutive fluorination is accompanied by skeletal rearrangements and by migration of chlorine atoms.The stereochemistry of substitutive fluorination was studied for the case of the reaction of erythro- and threo-1-bromo-2-fluoro-1,2-dichloroethanes and 1,2-dibromo-1,3-dichloropropanes with chlorine monofluoride.The probable mechanism of the reaction is discussed.
REACTIONS OF CHLORINE MONOFLUORIDE. SUBSTITUTION OF CHLORINE ATOMS BY FLUORINE IN CHLORINE-SUBSTITUTED ALKANES AND ESTERS
Chuvatkin, N. N.,Panteleeva, I. Yu.,Boguslavskaya, L. S.
, p. 821 - 827 (2007/10/02)
In anhydrous hydrogen fluoride under mild conditions chlorine monofluoride selectively substitutes the chlorine atoms in chlorine-substituted alkanes and esters by fluorine with the formation of high yields of the corresponding fluorides.The presence of an alkoxycarbonyl group or difluoromethylene group at the α position to the CHCl group deactivates the chlorine atom, and substitution by fluorine does not occur.In chloroalkanes, from which elimination of the chloride ion leads to sufficiently stable carbocations, substitution by fluorine can be realized in the absence of hydrogen fluoride at temperatures between -20 and -60 deg C.The fluorinating capacity of chlorine monofluoride is increased in the presence of catalytic amounts (3-5percent) of antimony pentachloride.Here the reaction is less selective than in hydrogen fluoride.In certain cases substitution is accompanied by hydride transfers.
