75-37-6

Basic information

• Product Name: 1,1-Difluoroethane
• Synonyms: Propellant 152A;R 152a;Solkane 152a;TG 152a;1,1-Difluoroethane;Algofrene 67;Dymel 152;Dymel 152A;Ethylidene fluoride;F 152A;FC 152a;FKW152a;Formacel Z 2;Fron 152a;Genetron 152A;HCFC 152a;HFA 152a;HFC 152a
• CAS NO: 75-37-6
• Molecular Formula: C₂H₄F₂
• Molecular Weight: 66.06
• EINECS: 200-866-1
• Mol File: 75-37-6.mol
• Article Data: 21

Chemical Properties

• Melting Point: -117℃
• Boiling Point: -25 °C
• Appearance: liquefied colourless gas under pressure
• Density: 0.907 g/cm³
• CAS DataBase Reference: 1,1-Difluoroethane(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: 1,1-Difluoroethane(75-37-6)
• EPA Substance Registry System: 1,1-Difluoroethane(75-37-6)

Safety Data

• Hazard Codes: F:Flammable
• Statements: R11:
• Safety Statements: S16:; S33:; S36:; S38:
• RIDADR: 1030
• HazardClass: 2.1
• Hazardous Substances Data: 75-37-6(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

General Description

1,1-Difluoroethane is a colorless and odorless chemical compound that is commonly used as a refrigerant in air conditioning systems and as a propellant in aerosol sprays. It is also known by the trade name Dymel 152A and is considered to be a hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) due to its chemical structure. While it has a low toxicity and flammability, it can still pose a risk to human health and the environment if released in large quantities. Additionally, 1,1-Difluoroethane has a high global warming potential, contributing to the depletion of the ozone layer and contributing to climate change. As a result, efforts have been made to reduce its use and find more environmentally friendly alternatives.

InChI:InChI=1/C2H4F2/c1-2(3)4/h2H,1H3

Synthetic route

1,1-dichloroethane (75-34-3) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen fluoride; chromium(III) oxide at 200℃; under 1500.15 Torr; for 10 - 200h; Product distribution / selectivity; Molecular sieve MS-13X;	96.2%
With hydrogen fluoride; chromium(III) oxide at 200℃; under 1500.15 Torr; for 3 - 100h; Product distribution / selectivity;	62%
With hydrogen fluoride; antimonypentachloride at 50℃; im Autoklaven;

ethene (74-85-1) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) + 1,2-difluoroethane (624-72-6) + 1,1,2-Trifluoroethan (430-66-0)

Conditions	Yield
With xenon difluoride; silicon tetrafluoride at 20℃; for 24h; Fluorination;	A 25% B 63% C 9%

1,2-dichloro-ethane (107-06-2) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen fluoride; iron(III) chloride; titanium tetrachloride at 90 - 120℃; under 7500.75 - 15001.5 Torr; for 1.5 - 30h; Product distribution / selectivity;	46%
With hydrogen fluoride; titanium tetrachloride at 95 - 120℃; under 7500.75 Torr; for 3.5 - 29h; Product distribution / selectivity;	21%

Ethyl trifluorovinyl ether (1763-27-5) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) + 1-fluoroethane (353-36-6) + perfluoroethyl ethyl ether (22052-81-9) + 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoro-2-(1-fluoro-ethoxy)-ethane

Conditions	Yield
With cobalt (III) fluoride at -196 - 20℃; for 0.5h; Fluorination;	A 5% B 2% C 45% D 2%

1,1-dichloroethane (75-34-3) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) + 1-chloro-1-fluoroethane (1615-75-4)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen fluoride; tin(ll) chloride at 60℃; under 1064 - 2660 Torr;
With hydrogen fluoride; tin(ll) chloride at 60℃; under 1064 - 2660 Torr;
With hydrogen fluoride; tin(ll) chloride at 60℃; under 1064 - 2660 Torr;

1,1-Dibromoethane (557-91-5) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6)

Conditions	Yield
With mercury(II) fluoride
With mercury monofluoride; iodine

1-fluoroethane (353-36-6) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen fluoride; lead dioxide at 100℃; unter Druck;

Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6)

Conditions	Yield
With palladium on activated charcoal at 120℃; Hydrogenation;

1,1'-dichloro-2,2'-difluoroethene (79-35-6) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6)

Conditions	Yield
With palladium on activated charcoal at 120℃; Hydrogenation;

acetylene (74-86-2) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen fluoride; boron trifluoride at 0 - 30℃; unter Druck;
With hydrogen fluoride; pyrographite; mercury(II) oxide at 20 - 40℃;
With aluminum(III) fluoride; hydrogen fluoride at 300℃;
With hydrogen fluoride; fluorosulphonic acid at 0℃;

Hexafluorobenzene (392-56-3) + 2,2-difluoropropionyl peroxide (83698-72-0) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) + carbon dioxide (124-38-9)

Conditions	Yield
In n-heptane at 50℃; for 0.333333h; Product distribution; relative rate const. of CH3CF2 radical to heptane;

n-heptane (142-82-5) + 2,2-difluoropropionyl peroxide (83698-72-0) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) + carbon dioxide (124-38-9)

Conditions	Yield
at 50℃; for 0.333333h; Product distribution; relative rate const. of CF3 radical to hexafluorobenzene, octafluorotoluene, 1,4-bis(pentafluorophenoxy)perfluorobutane, and benzene;

1,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene (433-19-2) + 2,2-difluoropropionyl peroxide (83698-72-0) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) + carbon dioxide (124-38-9)

Conditions	Yield
In n-heptane at 50℃; for 0.333333h; Product distribution; relative rate const. of CH3CF2 radical to heptane and to hexafluorobenzene;

perfluorotoluene (434-64-0) + 2,2-difluoropropionyl peroxide (83698-72-0) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) + carbon dioxide (124-38-9)

Conditions	Yield
In n-heptane at 50℃; for 0.333333h; Product distribution; relative rate const. of CH3CF2 radical to heptane;

2,2-difluoropropionyl peroxide (83698-72-0) + 1,4-bis(pentafluorophenoxy)perfluorobutane (88388-83-4) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) + carbon dioxide (124-38-9)

Conditions	Yield
In n-heptane at 50℃; for 0.333333h; Product distribution; relative rate const. of CH3CF2 radical to heptane and to hexafluorobenzene;

2,2-difluoropropionyl peroxide (83698-72-0) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) + Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) + 2,2,3,3-tetrafluorobutane (421-74-9)

Conditions	Yield
In n-heptane at 50℃; Kinetics; Product distribution; Mechanism; thermal decomposition, other temperatures, other solvents;

methylenesulfurtetrafluoride (66793-25-7) + acetaldehyde (75-07-0) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) + ethene (74-85-1)

trifluoroacetic anhydride (407-25-0) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) + Carbonyl fluoride (353-50-4) + trifluoroacetyl fluoride (354-34-7) + 2,2-difluorocyclopropane (558-29-2) + carbon monoxide (201230-82-2) + γ-lactone 2,2-difluorobutyric acid

Conditions	Yield
With ethane; sulphur hexafluoride for 0.0833333h; Product distribution; Mechanism; Irradiation; other perfluoro acid anhydride;

2,2-difluoropropionyl peroxide (83698-72-0) + benzene (71-43-2) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) + carbon dioxide (124-38-9)

Conditions	Yield
In n-heptane at 50℃; for 0.333333h; Product distribution; relative rate const. of CH3CF2 radical to heptane and to hexafluorobenzene;

ethene (74-85-1) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) + 1,2-difluoroethane (624-72-6) + 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2) + 1,1,2-Trifluoroethan (430-66-0) + 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (811-97-2) + 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (359-35-3)

Conditions	Yield
With cobalt (III) fluoride at 95℃; Product distribution; Mechanism; var. temp. and metal fluorides;

chloroethylene (75-01-4) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen fluoride Heating;

hydrogen fluoride (7664-39-3) + acetylene (74-86-2) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6)

Conditions	Yield
Leiten ueber quecksilberhaltige Katalysatoren;
Leiten ueber quecksilberhaltige Katalysatoren;

hydrogen fluoride (7664-39-3) + boron trifluoride (7637-07-2) + acetylene (74-86-2) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6)

Conditions	Yield
at 0 - 30℃;

hydrogen fluoride (7664-39-3) + fluorosulphonic acid (7789-21-1) + acetylene (74-86-2) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6)

Conditions	Yield
at 0℃;
at 0℃;

hydrogen fluoride (7664-39-3) + acetylene (74-86-2) + AlF3-graphite → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6)

Conditions	Yield
at 260 - 320℃;
at 260 - 320℃;

butanone (78-93-3) + nitrogen + cobalt (III)-fluoride → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) + 1,1,2-Trifluoroethan (430-66-0) + 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (359-35-3) + fluoroacetyl fluoride (1514-42-7)

Conditions	Yield
at 80℃; Produkt5:Difluormethan, Produkt6:Trifluormethan, Produkt7:Carbonylfluorid;

1,1-dichloroethane (75-34-3) + hydrogen fluoride (7664-39-3) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6)

Conditions	Yield
at 150℃; unter Druck;

1,1-dichloroethane (75-34-3) + hydrogen fluoride (7664-39-3) + antimonypentachloride (7647-18-9) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6)

Conditions	Yield
at 50℃; im Autoklaven;

(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)2ZrH2 (61396-34-7) + 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) → [(η(5)-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)2ZrHF] (87985-79-3)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen In not given byproducts: ethane; treating 1,1-difluoroethane with zirconium complex at 150°C for 1 d under H2;	90%

1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) → Difluoroacetic acid (381-73-7)

Conditions	Yield
With dihydrogen peroxide at 140℃; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; Inert atmosphere;	88%

1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) + bis-trifluoromethyl-aminooxyl (2154-71-4) → N,N-bis(trifluoromethyl)hydroxylamine (359-63-7) + 1,2-Bis-(di-trifluormethyl-aminooxy)-1,1-difluor-ethan (24616-12-4) + O-(1,1-Difluoro-ethyl)-N,N-bis-trifluoromethyl-hydroxylamine

Conditions	Yield
at 80℃; for 240h;	A 81% B 5% C 76%

1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) + acetylene (74-86-2) → 1-fluoroethylene (75-02-5)

Conditions	Yield
at 340℃; other temperatures, other catalysts;	77.5%

1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) + perfluoropropylene (116-15-4) → 1,1,1,2,3,3,4,4-Octafluoropentan (58705-98-9)

Conditions	Yield
at 290℃; for 96h;	65%

1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) + (E)-1,3-diethyl-7-methyl-8-(4-(piperidin-4-yloxy)styryl)-1H-purine-2,6-(3H,7H)-dione → (E)-8-(4-((1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)piperidin-4-yl)oxy)styryl)-1,3-diethyl-7-methyl-1H-purine-2,6-(3H,7H)-dione

Conditions	Yield
With potassium carbonate; methyl p-toluene sulfonate; sodium iodide In acetonitrile at 90℃; for 20h;	60.8%

1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) → 1-fluoroethylene (75-02-5)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen fluoride; Alpha-chromium oxide obtained from the pyrolysis of ammonium dichromate, treated with HF for 9 - 162h;	29.8%
With hydrogen fluoride; chromium(III) oxide at 245 - 275℃; for 5 - 49h; Catalys was activated in a stream of HF up to 350 C;	13.2%
With hydrogen fluoride; Alpha-chromium oxide obtained from the pyrolysis of ammonium dichromate, treated with HF at 200 - 245℃; for 15 - 47.5h;	6%

1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) → ethene (74-85-1) + 1-fluoroethylene (75-02-5) + acetylene (74-86-2)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen fluoride; Guingnet's green at 250 - 400℃; for 10 - 129h;	A 0% B 19.6% C 0%
With hydrogen fluoride; Alpha-chromium oxide obtained from the pyrolysis of ammonium dichromate, treated with HF at 250 - 350℃;	A 0% B 19.3% C 0%
With hydrogen fluoride; Alpha-chromium oxide prepared by the precipitation of chromium hydroxide from chromium nitrate followed by calcination in air at 500 C for 72 hours, treated with HF at 250 - 350℃;	A 0% B 19.9% C 0%

1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) → 1,1-difluorotetrachloroethane (76-11-9)

Conditions	Yield
at 450 - 475℃; durch photochemische Chlorierung;
With chlorine; pyrographite at 300℃;

1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) → 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2)

Conditions	Yield
With manganese(IV) oxide; hydrogen fluoride at 125℃;
With chromium(III) oxide; hydrogen fluoride at 50℃; unter Druck;
With hydrogen fluoride; lead dioxide at 125℃;

1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) → 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (75-68-3)

Conditions	Yield
With chlorine In gas at 21.9℃; under 760 Torr; for 0.000666667h; Irradiation; time history of ignition;
bei der Photochlorierung;
beim Chlorieren im Sonnenlicht;

1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) → 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (75-68-3) + 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane (1649-08-7)

Conditions	Yield
beim Chlorieren im Sonennlicht;

1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) → Dichlorodifluoromethane (75-71-8)

Conditions	Yield
With chlorine at 700℃;
With chlorine at 800℃;

1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) → 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane (1649-08-7)

Conditions	Yield
beim Chlorieren im Sonnenlicht;

1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) → 1,1-dichloro-2,2-difluoroethane (471-43-2)

Conditions	Yield
at 200℃; bei der Photochlorierung;

1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) → Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7)

Conditions	Yield
With Dichlorodifluoromethane; chlorine at 650℃;
With chlorine at 610℃;

1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) → 1,1,2-trichloro-2,2-difluoroethane (354-21-2)

Conditions	Yield
With chlorine at 200℃; unter Belichtung;

1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) → 1,1'-dichloro-2,2'-difluoroethene (79-35-6)

Conditions	Yield
With Dichlorodifluoromethane; chlorine at 610 - 680℃;
With chlorine at 610 - 680℃;

1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) → trichlorofluoroethene (359-29-5)

Conditions	Yield
With chlorine at 800℃;

Upstream product

• 75-34-3 1,1-dichloroethane 
• 557-91-5 1,1-Dibromoethane 
• 353-36-6 1-fluoroethane 
• 79-35-6 1,1'-dichloro-2,2'-difluoroethene 
• 74-86-2 acetylene 
• 392-56-3 Hexafluorobenzene 
• 83698-72-0 2,2-difluoropropionyl peroxide 
• 142-82-5 n-heptane 
• 434-64-0 perfluorotoluene 
• 66793-25-7 methylenesulfurtetrafluoride 
• 75-07-0 acetaldehyde 
• 74-85-1 ethene 
• 7664-39-3 hydrogen fluoride 
• 7637-07-2 boron trifluoride 

Downstream Products

• 76-11-9 1,1-difluorotetrachloroethane 
• 420-46-2 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 
• 75-02-5 1-fluoroethylene 
• 75-68-3 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane 
• 1649-08-7 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane 
• 75-71-8 Dichlorodifluoromethane 
• 75-38-7 Vinylidene fluoride 
• 354-21-2 1,1,2-trichloro-2,2-difluoroethane 
• 79-35-6 1,1'-dichloro-2,2'-difluoroethene 
• 359-29-5 trichlorofluoroethene 
• 74-87-3 methylene chloride 
• 20672-45-1 CHF₃*Cl^(1-) 
• 593-53-3 Methyl fluoride 
• 471-43-2 1,1-dichloro-2,2-difluoroethane 

Relevant articles and documents

Copper-Mediated Aromatic 1,1-Difluoroethylation with (1,1-Difluoroethyl)trimethylsilane (TMSCF2CH3)

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