75-37-6

Usage

Uses

Used in Air Conditioning Systems:
1,1-Difluoroethane is used as a refrigerant in air conditioning systems for its ability to absorb and release heat, providing cooling effects. It is favored for its low toxicity and flammability compared to other refrigerants.
Used in Aerosol Sprays:
1,1-Difluoroethane is used as a propellant in aerosol sprays for its ability to create pressure and disperse the product evenly. It is chosen for its low toxicity and ease of evaporation, ensuring the product is delivered effectively without leaving residues.
Used in Environmentally Friendly Alternatives Research:
Due to its high global warming potential and contribution to the depletion of the ozone layer, 1,1-Difluoroethane is being researched as a target for replacement with more environmentally friendly alternatives. This research aims to develop new compounds or technologies that can perform the same functions without the negative environmental impacts.

InChI:InChI=1/C2H4F2/c1-2(3)4/h2H,1H3

Synthetic route

1,1-dichloroethane (75-34-3) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen fluoride; chromium(III) oxide at 200℃; under 1500.15 Torr; for 10 - 200h; Product distribution / selectivity; Molecular sieve MS-13X;	96.2%
With hydrogen fluoride; chromium(III) oxide at 200℃; under 1500.15 Torr; for 3 - 100h; Product distribution / selectivity;	62%
With hydrogen fluoride; antimonypentachloride at 50℃; im Autoklaven;

ethene (74-85-1) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) + 1,2-difluoroethane (624-72-6) + 1,1,2-Trifluoroethan (430-66-0)

Conditions	Yield
With xenon difluoride; silicon tetrafluoride at 20℃; for 24h; Fluorination;	A 25% B 63% C 9%

1,2-dichloro-ethane (107-06-2) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen fluoride; iron(III) chloride; titanium tetrachloride at 90 - 120℃; under 7500.75 - 15001.5 Torr; for 1.5 - 30h; Product distribution / selectivity;	46%
With hydrogen fluoride; titanium tetrachloride at 95 - 120℃; under 7500.75 Torr; for 3.5 - 29h; Product distribution / selectivity;	21%

Ethyl trifluorovinyl ether (1763-27-5) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) + 1-fluoroethane (353-36-6) + perfluoroethyl ethyl ether (22052-81-9) + 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoro-2-(1-fluoro-ethoxy)-ethane

Conditions	Yield
With cobalt (III) fluoride at -196 - 20℃; for 0.5h; Fluorination;	A 5% B 2% C 45% D 2%

1,1-dichloroethane (75-34-3) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) + 1-chloro-1-fluoroethane (1615-75-4)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen fluoride; tin(ll) chloride at 60℃; under 1064 - 2660 Torr;
With hydrogen fluoride; tin(ll) chloride at 60℃; under 1064 - 2660 Torr;
With hydrogen fluoride; tin(ll) chloride at 60℃; under 1064 - 2660 Torr;

1,1-Dibromoethane (557-91-5) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6)

Conditions	Yield
With mercury(II) fluoride
With mercury monofluoride; iodine

1-fluoroethane (353-36-6) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen fluoride; lead dioxide at 100℃; unter Druck;

Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6)

Conditions	Yield
With palladium on activated charcoal at 120℃; Hydrogenation;

1,1'-dichloro-2,2'-difluoroethene (79-35-6) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6)

Conditions	Yield
With palladium on activated charcoal at 120℃; Hydrogenation;

acetylene (74-86-2) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen fluoride; boron trifluoride at 0 - 30℃; unter Druck;
With hydrogen fluoride; pyrographite; mercury(II) oxide at 20 - 40℃;
With aluminum(III) fluoride; hydrogen fluoride at 300℃;
With hydrogen fluoride; fluorosulphonic acid at 0℃;

Hexafluorobenzene (392-56-3) + 2,2-difluoropropionyl peroxide (83698-72-0) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) + carbon dioxide (124-38-9)

Conditions	Yield
In n-heptane at 50℃; for 0.333333h; Product distribution; relative rate const. of CH3CF2 radical to heptane;

n-heptane (142-82-5) + 2,2-difluoropropionyl peroxide (83698-72-0) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) + carbon dioxide (124-38-9)

Conditions	Yield
at 50℃; for 0.333333h; Product distribution; relative rate const. of CF3 radical to hexafluorobenzene, octafluorotoluene, 1,4-bis(pentafluorophenoxy)perfluorobutane, and benzene;

1,4-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene (433-19-2) + 2,2-difluoropropionyl peroxide (83698-72-0) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) + carbon dioxide (124-38-9)

Conditions	Yield
In n-heptane at 50℃; for 0.333333h; Product distribution; relative rate const. of CH3CF2 radical to heptane and to hexafluorobenzene;

perfluorotoluene (434-64-0) + 2,2-difluoropropionyl peroxide (83698-72-0) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) + carbon dioxide (124-38-9)

Conditions	Yield
In n-heptane at 50℃; for 0.333333h; Product distribution; relative rate const. of CH3CF2 radical to heptane;

2,2-difluoropropionyl peroxide (83698-72-0) + 1,4-bis(pentafluorophenoxy)perfluorobutane (88388-83-4) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) + carbon dioxide (124-38-9)

Conditions	Yield
In n-heptane at 50℃; for 0.333333h; Product distribution; relative rate const. of CH3CF2 radical to heptane and to hexafluorobenzene;

2,2-difluoropropionyl peroxide (83698-72-0) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) + Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) + 2,2,3,3-tetrafluorobutane (421-74-9)

Conditions	Yield
In n-heptane at 50℃; Kinetics; Product distribution; Mechanism; thermal decomposition, other temperatures, other solvents;

methylenesulfurtetrafluoride (66793-25-7) + acetaldehyde (75-07-0) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) + ethene (74-85-1)

trifluoroacetic anhydride (407-25-0) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) + Carbonyl fluoride (353-50-4) + trifluoroacetyl fluoride (354-34-7) + 2,2-difluorocyclopropane (558-29-2) + carbon monoxide (201230-82-2) + γ-lactone 2,2-difluorobutyric acid

Conditions	Yield
With ethane; sulphur hexafluoride for 0.0833333h; Product distribution; Mechanism; Irradiation; other perfluoro acid anhydride;

2,2-difluoropropionyl peroxide (83698-72-0) + benzene (71-43-2) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) + carbon dioxide (124-38-9)

Conditions	Yield
In n-heptane at 50℃; for 0.333333h; Product distribution; relative rate const. of CH3CF2 radical to heptane and to hexafluorobenzene;

ethene (74-85-1) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) + 1,2-difluoroethane (624-72-6) + 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2) + 1,1,2-Trifluoroethan (430-66-0) + 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (811-97-2) + 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (359-35-3)

Conditions	Yield
With cobalt (III) fluoride at 95℃; Product distribution; Mechanism; var. temp. and metal fluorides;

chloroethylene (75-01-4) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen fluoride Heating;

hydrogen fluoride (7664-39-3) + acetylene (74-86-2) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6)

Conditions	Yield
Leiten ueber quecksilberhaltige Katalysatoren;
Leiten ueber quecksilberhaltige Katalysatoren;

hydrogen fluoride (7664-39-3) + boron trifluoride (7637-07-2) + acetylene (74-86-2) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6)

Conditions	Yield
at 0 - 30℃;

hydrogen fluoride (7664-39-3) + fluorosulphonic acid (7789-21-1) + acetylene (74-86-2) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6)

Conditions	Yield
at 0℃;
at 0℃;

hydrogen fluoride (7664-39-3) + acetylene (74-86-2) + AlF3-graphite → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6)

Conditions	Yield
at 260 - 320℃;
at 260 - 320℃;

butanone (78-93-3) + nitrogen + cobalt (III)-fluoride → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) + 1,1,2-Trifluoroethan (430-66-0) + 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (359-35-3) + fluoroacetyl fluoride (1514-42-7)

Conditions	Yield
at 80℃; Produkt5:Difluormethan, Produkt6:Trifluormethan, Produkt7:Carbonylfluorid;

1,1-dichloroethane (75-34-3) + hydrogen fluoride (7664-39-3) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6)

Conditions	Yield
at 150℃; unter Druck;

1,1-dichloroethane (75-34-3) + hydrogen fluoride (7664-39-3) + antimonypentachloride (7647-18-9) → 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6)

Conditions	Yield
at 50℃; im Autoklaven;

(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)2ZrH2 (61396-34-7) + 1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) → [(η(5)-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)2ZrHF] (87985-79-3)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen In not given byproducts: ethane; treating 1,1-difluoroethane with zirconium complex at 150°C for 1 d under H2;	90%

1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) → Difluoroacetic acid (381-73-7)

Conditions	Yield
With dihydrogen peroxide at 140℃; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; Inert atmosphere;	88%

1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) + bis-trifluoromethyl-aminooxyl (2154-71-4) → N,N-bis(trifluoromethyl)hydroxylamine (359-63-7) + 1,2-Bis-(di-trifluormethyl-aminooxy)-1,1-difluor-ethan (24616-12-4) + O-(1,1-Difluoro-ethyl)-N,N-bis-trifluoromethyl-hydroxylamine

Conditions	Yield
at 80℃; for 240h;	A 81% B 5% C 76%

1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) + acetylene (74-86-2) → 1-fluoroethylene (75-02-5)

Conditions	Yield
at 340℃; other temperatures, other catalysts;	77.5%

1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) + perfluoropropylene (116-15-4) → 1,1,1,2,3,3,4,4-Octafluoropentan (58705-98-9)

Conditions	Yield
at 290℃; for 96h;	65%

1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) + (E)-1,3-diethyl-7-methyl-8-(4-(piperidin-4-yloxy)styryl)-1H-purine-2,6-(3H,7H)-dione → (E)-8-(4-((1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)piperidin-4-yl)oxy)styryl)-1,3-diethyl-7-methyl-1H-purine-2,6-(3H,7H)-dione

Conditions	Yield
With potassium carbonate; methyl p-toluene sulfonate; sodium iodide In acetonitrile at 90℃; for 20h;	60.8%

1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) → 1-fluoroethylene (75-02-5)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen fluoride; Alpha-chromium oxide obtained from the pyrolysis of ammonium dichromate, treated with HF for 9 - 162h;	29.8%
With hydrogen fluoride; chromium(III) oxide at 245 - 275℃; for 5 - 49h; Catalys was activated in a stream of HF up to 350 C;	13.2%
With hydrogen fluoride; Alpha-chromium oxide obtained from the pyrolysis of ammonium dichromate, treated with HF at 200 - 245℃; for 15 - 47.5h;	6%

1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) → ethene (74-85-1) + 1-fluoroethylene (75-02-5) + acetylene (74-86-2)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen fluoride; Guingnet's green at 250 - 400℃; for 10 - 129h;	A 0% B 19.6% C 0%
With hydrogen fluoride; Alpha-chromium oxide obtained from the pyrolysis of ammonium dichromate, treated with HF at 250 - 350℃;	A 0% B 19.3% C 0%
With hydrogen fluoride; Alpha-chromium oxide prepared by the precipitation of chromium hydroxide from chromium nitrate followed by calcination in air at 500 C for 72 hours, treated with HF at 250 - 350℃;	A 0% B 19.9% C 0%

1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) → 1,1-difluorotetrachloroethane (76-11-9)

Conditions	Yield
at 450 - 475℃; durch photochemische Chlorierung;
With chlorine; pyrographite at 300℃;

1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) → 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2)

Conditions	Yield
With manganese(IV) oxide; hydrogen fluoride at 125℃;
With chromium(III) oxide; hydrogen fluoride at 50℃; unter Druck;
With hydrogen fluoride; lead dioxide at 125℃;

1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) → 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (75-68-3)

Conditions	Yield
With chlorine In gas at 21.9℃; under 760 Torr; for 0.000666667h; Irradiation; time history of ignition;
bei der Photochlorierung;
beim Chlorieren im Sonnenlicht;

1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) → 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (75-68-3) + 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane (1649-08-7)

Conditions	Yield
beim Chlorieren im Sonennlicht;

1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) → Dichlorodifluoromethane (75-71-8)

Conditions	Yield
With chlorine at 700℃;
With chlorine at 800℃;

1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) → 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane (1649-08-7)

Conditions	Yield
beim Chlorieren im Sonnenlicht;

1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) → 1,1-dichloro-2,2-difluoroethane (471-43-2)

Conditions	Yield
at 200℃; bei der Photochlorierung;

1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) → Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7)

Conditions	Yield
With Dichlorodifluoromethane; chlorine at 650℃;
With chlorine at 610℃;

1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) → 1,1,2-trichloro-2,2-difluoroethane (354-21-2)

Conditions	Yield
With chlorine at 200℃; unter Belichtung;

1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) → 1,1'-dichloro-2,2'-difluoroethene (79-35-6)

Conditions	Yield
With Dichlorodifluoromethane; chlorine at 610 - 680℃;
With chlorine at 610 - 680℃;

1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) → trichlorofluoroethene (359-29-5)

Conditions	Yield
With chlorine at 800℃;

Upstream product

• 75-34-3 1,1-dichloroethane 
• 557-91-5 1,1-Dibromoethane 
• 353-36-6 1-fluoroethane 
• 75-38-7 Vinylidene fluoride 
• 74-86-2 acetylene 
• 142-82-5 n-heptane 
• 83698-72-0 2,2-difluoropropionyl peroxide 
• 71-43-2 benzene 
• 74-85-1 ethene 
• 75-01-4 chloroethylene 
• 1763-27-5 Ethyl trifluorovinyl ether 
• 7664-39-3 hydrogen fluoride 
• 7637-07-2 boron trifluoride 
• 7789-21-1 fluorosulphonic acid 

Downstream Products

• 76-11-9 1,1-difluorotetrachloroethane 
• 420-46-2 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 
• 75-02-5 1-fluoroethylene 
• 75-68-3 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane 
• 1649-08-7 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane 
• 75-71-8 Dichlorodifluoromethane 
• 75-38-7 Vinylidene fluoride 
• 354-21-2 1,1,2-trichloro-2,2-difluoroethane 
• 79-35-6 1,1'-dichloro-2,2'-difluoroethene 
• 359-29-5 trichlorofluoroethene 
• 74-87-3 methylene chloride 
• 20672-45-1 CHF₃*Cl^(1-) 
• 593-53-3 Methyl fluoride 
• 471-43-2 1,1-dichloro-2,2-difluoroethane 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Copper-Mediated Aromatic 1,1-Difluoroethylation with (1,1-Difluoroethyl)trimethylsilane (TMSCF2CH3)

A new method for the formation of 1,1-difluoroethyl copper species (“CuCF2CH3”) with 1,1-difluoroethylsilane (TMSCF2CH3) has been developed. The “CuCF2CH3” species can be applied to the efficient 1,1-difluoroethylation of diaryliodonium salts under mild conditions, affording (1,1-difluoroethyl)arenes in good to excellent yields. This convenient procedure tolerates a wide range of functional groups and thus serves as a practical synthetic tool for the introduction of CF2CH3 group(s) into complex molecules.

Efficient synthesis of new fluorinated building blocks by means of hydroformylation

Hydroformylation of fluorinated alkenes is an efficient method for the preparation of fluorinated functionalized building blocks for the synthesis of biologically active target structures. In this article we summarize known hydroformylation reactions of f

Vapor phase hydrofluorination of acetylene to vinyl fluoride over La2O3-Al2O3 catalysts

A series of La-doped Al2O3 catalysts were prepared and tested for the vapor phase hydrofluorination of C2H2 to vinyl fluoride (CH2CHF, VF). It was found that the La-doped catalyst gave a stable cataly

Method of producing 1,1-difluoroethane and application thereof for the production of 1,1-difluoroethylene

Process for the manufacture of 1,1-difluoroethane by liquid-phase fluorination of 1,2-dichloroethane using hydrofluoric acid in the presence of a Lewis acid as catalyst and of FeCl3 as cocatalyst. Process for the manufacture of 1,1-difluoroethylene employing it.

METHOD FOR PURIFICATION OF 1,1-DICHLOROETHANE AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF 1,1-DIFLUOROETHANE USING THIS METHOD

1,1-dichloroethane containing a compound having a nitro group and/or a hydroxyl group as a stabilizer is brought into contact with zeolite having an average pore size of 3.4 to 11A and/or a carbonaceous adsorbent having an average pore size of 3.4 to 11A in a liquid phase. A stabilizer contained in 1,1-dichloroethane is efficiently removed by a simple and convenient method and 1,1-difluoroethane can be economically produced.

PURIFICATION METHOD, PRODUCTION PROCESS, AND USE OF, 1, 1-DIFLUOROETHANE

Crude 1,1-difluoroethane containing at least one compound selected from the group consisting of unsaturated compounds each having two carbon atoms within the molecule and saturated chlorine-containing compounds each having two carbon atoms within the molecule is brought into contact with a zeolite and/or a carbonaceous adsorbent, or crude 1,1-difluoroethane containing hydrogen fluoride and, as impurities, at least one compound selected from the group consisting of unsaturated compounds each having two carbon atoms within the molecule is brought into contact with a fluorination catalyst in a gas phase state. High-purity 1,1-difluoroethane usable as a cryogenic refrigerant, or as an etching gas, can be produced in an industrially advantageous manner.

Efficient microscale preparation of isotopically enriched 1-[ 79Br]bromo-2-fluoroethylene, [79Br]BrHC=CHF

An efficient preparation of 1-[79Br]bromo-2-fliioroethylene, [79Br]BrHC= CHF, was carried out by a three-step procedure: (a) natural 1-bromo-2-fluoroethylene, BrHC=CHF, was iodinated to 1-fluoro-2-iodoethylene, FHC=CHI; (b) 1-fluoro-2-iodoethylene was 79Br2-brominated to 1,2-di[79Br]bromo-1-fluoro- 2-iodoethane, [79Br]BrFCHCH[79Br]BrI; and (c) 1,2-di[ 79Br]bromo-1-fluoro-2-iodoethane was dehalogenated to 1-[ 79Br]bromo-2-fluoroethylene, [79Br]BrHC=CHF. The yield of isolated product, on a 2-mmol scale, was 62% with respect to 79Br2. Copyright Taylor & Francis, Inc.

Method of making difluoromethane, 1,1,1-trifluoroethane and 1,1-difluoroethane

A process for the production of difluoromethane (HFC-32), 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC-143a) and 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a). In the process the following steps are employed: (a) providing a reaction vessel, (b) providing in the reaction vessel activated carbon impregnated with a strong Lewis acid fluorination catalys selected from halides of As, Sb, Al, TI, In, V, Nb, Ta, Ti, Zr and Hf, (c) activating the catalyst by passing through the activated carbon impregnated with a strong Lewis acid fluorination catalyst anhydrous hydrogen fluoride gas and chlorine gas, (d) contacting, in a vapor state in the reaction vessel containing the activated catalyst, hydrogen fluoride and one or more halogenated hydrocarbons selected from chlorofluoromethane, dichloromethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, vinyl chloride, 1,1-dichloroethylene, 1.2-dichloroethylene, 1,2-dichloroethane, and 1,1-dichloroethane for a time and at a temperature to produce a product stream comprising hydrofluorocarbon product(s) corresponding to the chlorinated hydrocarbon reactant(s), and one or more of hydrogen chloride, unreactacted chlorinated hydrocarbon reactant(s), under-fluorinated intermediates, and unreacted hydrogen fluoride, and (e) separating the hydrofluorocarbon product(s) from the product stream.

Process for the preparation of 1-chloro-1-fluoroethane and/or 1,1-difluoroethane

The invention relates to a process for the preparation of chloro-1-fluoroethane and 1,1-difluoroethane by reaction of vinyl chloride with hydrogen fluoride, in organic solvent consisting of at least one saturated halogen-containing hydrocarbon.

PROCESS FOR PURIFYING PENTAFLUOROETHANE, PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME, AND USE THEREOF

ABSTRACT A process comprising bringing crude pentafluoroethane containing at least one compound selected from the group consisting of hydrofluorocarbons containing one carbon atom, hydrochlorofluorocarbons containing one carbon atom and hydrochlorocarbons containing one carbon atom, into contact with an adsorbent comprising a zeolite having an average pore size of 3 to 6 ? and a silica/aluminum ratio of 2.0 or less and/or a carbonaceous adsorbent having an average pore size of 3.5 to 6 ?, to reduce the content of the compound. The purified gas can be used as a low temperature refrigerant or an etching gas.