79-34-5

Hazards Identification

Pictogram(s):

Signal:

Danger

GHS Hazard Statements:

H310: Fatal in contact with skin [Danger Acute toxicity, dermal]
H330: Fatal if inhaled [Danger Acute toxicity, inhalation]
H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]

Precautionary Statement Codes:

P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P302+P352, P304+P340, P316, P320, P321, P361+P364, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501

Hazard Classes and Categories:

Acute Tox. 1
Acute Tox. 2 *
Aquatic Chronic 2
Acute Tox. 3 (44.44%)
Acute Tox. 1 (99.15%)
Skin Irrit. 2 (44.44%)
Eye Irrit. 2 (44.44%)
Acute Tox. 2 (99.15%)
STOT SE 3 (37.61%)
Aquatic Chronic 2 (99.15%)
Hazardous to the aquatic environment (chronic) - category 2
Acute toxicity (dermal) - category 1
Acute toxicity (inhalation) - category 2
Acute toxicity (Oral) - Category 4
Acute toxicity (Inhalation: Vapours) - Category 3
Skin corrosion/irritation - Category 2
Serious eye damage/eye irritation - Category 2A
Germ cell mutagenicity - Category 2
Carcinogenicity - Category 2
Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure - Category 1 (central nervous system, liver, kidney), Category 3 (respiratory tract irritation, narcotic effects)
Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure - Category 1 (central nervous system, liver)
Flammable liquids - Category 4
Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure - Category 1 (central nervous system, liver), Category 3 (narcotic effects, respiratory tract irritation)
Hazardous to the aquatic environment (Acute) - Category 2
Acute toxicity (Oral) - Category 3
Specific target organ toxicity - Single exposure - Category 1 (liver), Category 3 (narcotic effects, respiratory tract irritation)
Specific target organ toxicity - Repeated exposure - Category 1 (nervous system, liver)
Carcinogenicity - Category 1B
Carcinogens

Hazards Summary:

1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane is a manufactured, colorless, dense liquid that does not burn easily. It is volatile and has a sweet odor. In the past, it was used in large amounts to produce other chemicals, as an industrial solvent to clean and degrease metals, and as an ingredient in paints and pesticides. Commercial production of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane for these uses has stopped in the United States. It presently is used only as a chemical intermediate in the production of other chemicals.

Usage

Uses

Used in Chemical Production:
1,1,2,2-Tetrach loroethane is used as an intermediate in the production of other chemicals, playing a crucial role in the synthesis of various compounds.
Used in Manufacturing Industry:
In the manufacturing industry, 1,1,2,2-Tetrach loroethane is utilized as a solvent, contributing to the processing and production of different materials.
Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
1,1,2,2-Tetrach loroethane is employed as a solvent in the pharmaceutical sector, aiding in the formulation and manufacturing of medications. Despite its applications, it is essential to handle 1,1,2,2-Tetrach loroethane with caution due to its toxic nature and potential health hazards.

InChI:InChI=1/C2H2Cl4/c3-1-2(4,5)6/h1H2

Synthetic route

trans-1,2-dichloroethylene (156-60-5) → 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5)

Conditions	Yield
With 2,3-dimethylbutane In benzene at 20℃; Irradiation;	94%
With chlorine at 80 - 95℃; unter Ausschluss von Sauerstoff;

C11H16Cl10NO3P (76107-35-2) → bis(2,2,2-trichloroethyl) piperidinophosphonate (76078-37-0) + 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5)

Conditions	Yield
at 180℃; under 0.03 Torr;	A 89% B 93%

C10H14Cl10NO4P (76078-34-7) → bis(2,2,2-trichloroethyl) morpholinophosphonate (76078-38-1) + 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5)

Conditions	Yield
at 180℃; under 0.03 Torr;	A 87% B 93%

N,N-Dichlorobenzenesulfonamide (473-29-0) + 1,2-Dichloroethylene (540-59-0) → benzenesulfonamide (98-10-2) + N-(2,2-dichloroethylidene)benzenesulfonamide (113791-97-2) + N-{2,2-dichloro-1-[(phenylsulfonyl)amino]ethyl}benzenesulfonamide (79054-58-3) + 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5)

Conditions	Yield
at 47 - 55℃; for 10h; Irradiation; Further byproducts given. Yields of byproduct given;	A n/a B n/a C 80.7% D n/a

(2-Chlor-vinyl)-dimethyl-chlorsilan (18142-52-4) → 1,2-Dichloroethylene (540-59-0) + dimethylsilicon dichloride (75-78-5) + Chloro-dimethyl-(1,2,2-trichloro-ethyl)-silane (176102-95-7) + 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5)

Conditions	Yield
With chlorine for 5h; Further byproducts given;	A 5% B 6% C 70% D 2%

N,N-Dichlorobenzenesulfonamide (473-29-0) + 1,2-Dichloroethylene (540-59-0) → 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethylene (127-18-4) + Trichloroethylene (79-01-6) + N-(2,2,2-trichloroethylidene)benzenesulfonamide (55596-11-7) + N-(2,2-dichloroethylidene)benzenesulfonamide (113791-97-2) + N-{2,2-dichloro-1-[(phenylsulfonyl)amino]ethyl}benzenesulfonamide (79054-58-3) + 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5)

Conditions	Yield
at 55℃; for 22h; Product distribution; other time, other temperature, other initiator;	A n/a B n/a C n/a D n/a E 54.1% F n/a

1,2-Dichloroethylene (540-59-0) + N,N-dichloro-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide (17260-65-0) → N-(2,2-dichloroethylidene)-p-chlorobenzenesulfonamide (113791-98-3) + 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5)

Conditions	Yield
for 4h; Irradiation;	A 50% B n/a

N,N-Dichlorobenzenesulfonamide (473-29-0) + 1,2-Dichloroethylene (540-59-0) → N-(2,2-dichloroethylidene)benzenesulfonamide (113791-97-2) + 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5)

Conditions	Yield
for 4h; Irradiation;	A 45% B n/a

β-chlorovinyltrimethylsilane (35802-68-7) → chloro-trimethyl-silane (75-77-4) + 1,2-Dichloroethylene (540-59-0) + Trimethyl-(1,2,2-trichloro-ethyl)-silane + 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5)

Conditions	Yield
With chlorine for 5h; Further byproducts given;	A 10% B 7% C 45% D 3%

β-chlorovinyltrimethylsilane (35802-68-7) → 1,2-Dichloroethylene (540-59-0) + Trimethyl-(pentachlorethyl)-silan (18163-49-0) + Trimethyl-(1,2,2-trichloro-ethyl)-silane + 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5)

Conditions	Yield
With chlorine for 5h; Further byproducts given;	A 7% B 14% C 45% D 3%

N,N-dichloro-p-toluenesulfonamide (473-34-7) + 1,2-Dichloroethylene (540-59-0) → N-(2,2,2-trichloroethyliden)-p-toluenesulfonamide (51608-61-8, 13707-44-3) + Trichloroethylene (79-01-6) + N-(2,2-dichloro-1-{[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]amino}ethyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide (92962-02-2) + toluene-4-sulfonamide (70-55-3) + N-[2,2-Dichloro-eth-(E)-ylidene]-4-methyl-benzenesulfonamide (113792-00-0) + 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5)

Conditions	Yield
at 55℃; for 22h; Product distribution; other time, other temperature, other initiator;	A n/a B n/a C 44.1% D n/a E n/a F n/a

pentachloroethane (76-01-7) → Trichloroethylene (79-01-6) + 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5)

Conditions	Yield
With hexacarbonyl molybdenum at 140℃; for 3h; further reagent Fe(CO)5;	A 42% B 23%
With iron pentacarbonyl at 140℃; for 3h; further reagent Mo(CO)6;	A 27% B 23%

1,2-Dichloroethylene (540-59-0) + N,N-dichloro-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide (17260-65-0) → 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethylene (127-18-4) + 4-Chlorobenzenesulfonamide (98-64-6) + N-(2,2,2-trichloroethylidene)-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide (81924-15-4) + N-(2,2-dichloroethylidene)-p-chlorobenzenesulfonamide (113791-98-3) + N-<2,2-dichloro-1-(N-p-chlorobenzenesulfonamido)ethyl>-p-chlorobenzenesulfonamide (113792-01-1) + 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5)

Conditions	Yield
at 55℃; for 22h; Product distribution; other time, other temperature, other initiator;	A n/a B n/a C n/a D n/a E 40.4% F n/a

4-Phenylbutyric acid (1821-12-1) → Propylbenzene (103-65-1) + 1,6-diphenylhexane (1087-49-6) + 1,3-difluoro-1-phenylpropane + 1-fluoro-3-phenylpropane (2038-62-2) + 1-fluoro-1-phenylpropane (19031-70-0) + 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5)

Conditions	Yield
With xenon fluoride In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 14 - 18h; Inert atmosphere;	A 18% B 11% C 12% D 32% E 6% F 14%

chloroform (67-66-3) + aniline (62-53-3) → dichloromethane (75-09-2) + phenyl isocyanate (1197040-29-1) + Azobenzene (1227476-15-4) + N-phenylphenylene-1,4-diamine (101-54-2) + N-phenyl-1,2-benzenediamine (534-85-0) + 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5)

Conditions	Yield
at 15℃; for 24h; Product distribution; Mechanism; Irradiation;	A n/a B 30.2% C 12.5% D 10.5% E 18.4% F n/a

cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene (156-59-2) → 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5)

Conditions	Yield
With chlorine at 80 - 95℃; unter Ausschluss von Sauerstoff;
With sulfuryl dichloride; dibenzoyl peroxide

diethyl ether (60-29-7) + hexachloroethane (67-72-1) + ethylmagnesium bromide (925-90-6) → 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethylene (127-18-4) + 1,1,1,2-tetrachoroethane (630-20-6) + pentachloroethane (76-01-7) + 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5)

diethyl ether (60-29-7) + hexachloroethane (67-72-1) + phenylmagnesium bromide → 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethylene (127-18-4) + 1,1,1,2-tetrachoroethane (630-20-6) + pentachloroethane (76-01-7) + 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5)

1,2-Dichloroethylene (540-59-0) → 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5)

Conditions	Yield
With chlorine im UV-Licht;

ethane (74-84-0) → 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride; kieselguhr; air; copper dichloride

chloroform (67-66-3) → tetrachloromethane (56-23-5) + 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethylene (127-18-4) + pentachloroethane (76-01-7) + 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5)

Conditions	Yield
beim Durchgang des elektrischen Lichtbogens; weitere Produkten: Hexachloraethan, Hexachlorbenzol, HCl und Kohle;

1,1,2-trichloro-2-iodo-ethane (16452-89-4) → 1,2-Dichloroethylene (540-59-0) + 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5)

Conditions	Yield
bei der Destillation;

Trichloroethylene (79-01-6) → 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethylene (127-18-4) + 1,1,2,4,4-pentachloro-1,3-butadiene (21400-41-9) + 1,1,1,2-tetrachoroethane (630-20-6) + 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5)

Conditions	Yield
at 200 - 250℃; under 934095 Torr; Produkt5:Pentachloraethan.Pyrolysis;

2,2-dichloroacetaldehyde (79-02-7) → 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5)

Conditions	Yield
With phosphorus pentachloride

1-chloro-2-dichloroiodanyl-ethene (18964-25-5) → 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5)

1,2-dichloro-ethane (107-06-2) → 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5)

Conditions	Yield
With aluminium trichloride at 70 - 75℃; Einleiten Chlor und gleichzeitig Acetylen,auschliessend jede Spur von Luft;

diethyl ether (60-29-7) + hexachloroethane (67-72-1) + para-methylphenylmagnesium bromide (4294-57-9) → 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethylene (127-18-4) + 1,1,1,2-tetrachoroethane (630-20-6) + pentachloroethane (76-01-7) + 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5)

diethyl ether (60-29-7) + hexachloroethane (67-72-1) + 1-naphthylmagnesiumbromide (703-55-9) → 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethylene (127-18-4) + 1,1,1,2-tetrachoroethane (630-20-6) + pentachloroethane (76-01-7) + 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5)

acetylene (74-86-2) → 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5)

Conditions	Yield
With chlorine
With chlorine; 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane
With chlorine; iron(III) chloride

acetylene (74-86-2) → 1,1-Dichloroethylene (75-35-4) + 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5)

Conditions	Yield
With chlorine; iron(III) chloride; 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane at 135℃;

copper hydroxide (20427-59-2) + 1,5-diamino-3-azapentane (111-40-0) + 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5) → Cu2(C12H26N6Cl4)(H2O)2(4+)*4Cl(1-)=[Cu2(C12H26N6Cl4)(H2O)2]Cl4

Conditions

Yield

In water; butan-1-ol mixing Cu(OH)2 and amine in n-BuOH, stirring (room temp., 10 min), addn.of C2H2Cl4, refluxing (8 h; pptn.), addn. of water, stirring, sepd. of aq. layer, filtration of aq. layer, washing (n-BuOH), crystn. on volume reduction and standing (refrigerator); treating of crude product with mixt. of ether/benzene (1/1) on filtration paper, washing (ether), drying (reduced pressure); elem. anal.;

95.6%

copper hydroxide (20427-59-2) + Trimethylenediamine (109-76-2) + 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5) → Cu2(C10H20N4Cl4)(H2O)4(4+)*4Cl(1-)*8H2O = [Cu2(C10H20N4Cl4)(H2O)4]Cl4*8H2O

Conditions	Yield
In water; butan-1-ol refluxing in butanol (10 h), extraction (water); pptn. from aq. phase (concn., cooling); elem. anal.;	95%

1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5) → 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (75-88-7)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen fluoride; antimonypentachloride at 80 - 90℃; Autoclave;	92.3%
With hydrogen fluoride; antimonypentachloride; chlorine at 120℃;

C145H138O24*CHCl3 + 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5) → C145H138O24*C2H2Cl4

Conditions	Yield
at 140℃; for 72h;	92%

C148H136O24*CHCl3 + 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5) → C148H136O24*C2H2Cl4

Conditions	Yield
at 140℃; for 72h;	91%

1-naphthol-2-sulfonic acid (567-18-0) + 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5) → 4-hydroxy-naphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid (1857-16-5)

Conditions	Yield
	90%

methyl 5-[3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]-1,2-benzisothiazole-3-acetate + 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5) → methyl 5-[3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl]-α-bromo-1,2-benzisothiazole-3-acetate

Conditions	Yield
With N-Bromosuccinimide; dibenzoyl peroxide	90%

trans-[Cl2(pyrazine)4ruthenium(II)] (449147-38-0) + silver trifluoromethanesulfonate (2923-28-6) + butan-1-ol (71-36-3) + 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5) → trans-[Cl2(pyrazine)4ruthenium(II)Ag]CF3SO3*(1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane)*0.5(n-butanol)

Conditions	Yield
In 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethylene; butan-1-ol a soln. of Ag salt (n-butanol) added dropwise to a soln. of Ru compd. (TCE), stored for 1 h; ppt. filtered, washed (n-butanol), dried (vac., 3 h); elem. anal.;	90%

C20N4H6(CH3)4(C2H5)2(C2H4COOC6H4NO2)2 + iron(II) acetate (1834-30-6, 2140-52-5, 3094-87-9) + 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5) → CH3COOFeC20N4H4(CH3)4(C2H5)2(C2H4COOC6H4NO2)2*CHCl2CHCl2

Conditions	Yield
With acetic anhydride In acetic acid stirring at 100°C for ca. 1 h in 1:1 mixture of AcOH and CHCl2CHCl2; evapn., dissolution in CHCl2CHCl2, filtration, evapn.; elem. anal.;	90%

1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5) → 1,2,2-trichloroethyl fluosulfate (80337-48-0)

Conditions	Yield
With chlorine fluorosulfate 1.) -30 deg C, 1 h, 2.) 20 deg C, 2.5 h, 3.) 60 deg C, 1 h;	88.7%

water (7732-18-5) + Trimethylenediamine (109-76-2) + nickel(II) hydroxide + 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5) → (1,5,8,12-tetraaza-6,7,13,14-tetrachlorocyclotetradecane)diaquanickel(II) chloride

Conditions	Yield
In butan-1-ol byproducts: HCl; equimolar mixt. of Ni(OH)2, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and 1,3-diaminopropane in n-butanol stirred at room temp.; refluxed for ca. 8 h; stirred for ca. 12 min with water; filtered; aq. layer of filtrate sepd.; concd.; refrigerated; crystals washed with n-butanol and petroleum ether; elem. anal.;	88%

dichlorotetrakis(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II) (15555-77-8, 86470-43-1) + 2,3-S(C2H4S)2-1,4-Me2C10H4 (425615-15-2) + 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5) → (RuCl2(2,3-S(C2H4S)2-1,4-Me2C10H4-κS,S,S)(PPh3))*2(1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane)

Conditions	Yield
In diethyl ether under Ar atm. mixt. ligand and (RuCl2(PPh3)4) in Et2O at room temp. for 5 min; ppt. was extd. with CH2Cl2, solvent was evapd, residue was crystd. from 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane-Et2O; elem. anal.;	88%

water (7732-18-5) + ethylenediamine (107-15-3) + nickel(II) hydroxide + 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5) → (1,4,7,10-tetraaza-5,6,11,12-tetrachlorocyclododecane)diaquanickel(II) chloride

Conditions	Yield
In butan-1-ol byproducts: HCl; Ni(OH)2 added to soln. of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and 1,2-diaminoethane (molar ratio 1:1:1) in n-butanol; stirred and refluxed for ca. 7 h; cooled; stirred for ca. 10 min with water; filtered; aq. layer of filtrate sepd.; concd.; refrigerated; crystals washed with n-butanol and petroleum ether; elem. anal.;	86%

1,2-dimethoxybenzene (91-16-7) + 4-chloro-benzoyl chloride (122-01-0) + 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5) → 4-chloro-3',4'-dimethoxy benzophenone (116412-83-0)

Conditions	Yield
With FeCl3; graphite	84.3%
With FeCl3; graphite	84.3%
graphite	81.3%

N-allyl-N-phenyl-2-methacrylamide (145784-90-3) + 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5) → cis-3,4-dimethyl-1-phenyl-3-(2,3,3-trichloroallyl)pyrrolidin-2-one + trans-3,4-dimethyl-1-phenyl-3-(2,3,3-trichloroallyl)pyrrolidin-2-one

Conditions	Yield
With tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium dichloride; 4-methoxybenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate; sodium carbonate In neat (no solvent) at 50℃; for 20h; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique; Irradiation;	A 83% B n/a

1,2-dimethoxybenzene (91-16-7) + 4-chlorotrichloromethylbenzene (5216-25-1) + 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5) → 4-chloro-3',4'-dimethoxy benzophenone (116412-83-0)

Conditions	Yield
graphite In water	79.5%

4-Methoxystyrene (637-69-4) + ethanol (64-17-5) + 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5) → 1-methoxy-4-(3,3,4,4-tetrachloro-1-ethoxybutyl)benzene

Conditions	Yield
With tetrakis(acetonitrile)copper(I)tetrafluoroborate; 4-methoxybenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate; sodium carbonate at 80℃; for 6h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere;	77%

1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5) → Trichloroethylene (79-01-6)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride; oxygen at 379.84℃; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature;	74.3%
With chlorine at 379.84℃; Gas phase; chemoselective reaction;	57.3%
at 350 - 400℃; bei der Einwirkung von Luft;

bis(N,N'-diphenyl-2,4-pentanediiminato)chromium(II) (238423-82-0) + 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5) → bis(N,N'-diphenyl-2,4-pentanediiminato)chlorochromium(III) (327028-24-0)

Conditions	Yield
In diethyl ether standard Schlenk techniques; tetrachloroethane added to soln. of Cr complex (molar ratio 1:2) in Et2O with stirring; stirred overnight; solvent evapd.; extd. with Et2O; evapd. slowly at room temp.; elem. anal.;	73%

propionaldehyde (123-38-6) + 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5) → 2,2-dichloropropanal (27313-32-2)

Conditions	Yield
In carbon dioxide; N,N-dimethyl-formamide	70%

1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5) → 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethylene (127-18-4) + Trichloroethylene (79-01-6)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride; oxygen at 379.84℃; for 18h;	A 20.8% B 64.3%
With CuCl2/KCl/attapulgite; chlorine at 379.84℃; Gas phase; chemoselective reaction;	A 16.6% B 45%

1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5) → 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethylene (127-18-4) + Trichloroethylene (79-01-6) + pentachloroethane (76-01-7)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride; oxygen at 379.84℃;	A 20.8% B 64.3% C 6.1%

[rhodium(chloro)(PhB(C6H4P(iPr)2))2]2 + [rhodium(chloro)(phenyl)(B(C6H4P(iPr)2))2] + [rhodium(chloro)(C6H4B(C6H4P(iPr)2))2] + 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5) → [rhodium(dichloro)(B(C6H4P(iPr)2))2]

Conditions	Yield
In 1,3,5-trimethyl-benzene at 170℃; for 18h; Inert atmosphere; Schlenk technique;	60%

oxalic acid (144-62-7) + 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5) → C6H2O8

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: oxalic acid; 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane With sulfuric acid for 10h; Stage #2: With sulfur trioxide; mercury(II) sulfate at 60℃;	58.8%

methanol (67-56-1) + 5,10,15,20-tetra{[p-(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)]phenyl}porphyrin zinc + water (7732-18-5) + mercury dichloride + 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (79-34-5) → C72H44N12Zn*2HgCl2*2CH4O*2C2H2Cl4*4H2O

Conditions	Yield
	56%

Upstream product

• 156-60-5 trans-1,2-dichloroethylene 
• 540-59-0 1,2-Dichloroethylene 
• 74-84-0 ethane 
• 16452-89-4 1,1,2-trichloro-2-iodo-ethane 
• 79-01-6 Trichloroethylene 
• 79-02-7 2,2-dichloroacetaldehyde 
• 18964-25-5 1-chloro-2-dichloroiodanyl-ethene 
• 107-06-2 1,2-dichloro-ethane 
• 60-29-7 diethyl ether 
• 67-72-1 hexachloroethane 
• 703-55-9 1-naphthylmagnesiumbromide 
• 473-34-7 N,N-dichloro-p-toluenesulfonamide 
• 2568-93-6 di-tert-butoxy-methane 
• 67-66-3 chloroform 

Downstream Products

• 79-01-6 Trichloroethylene 
• 1226-42-2 1,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,2-ethanedione 
• 622-45-7 cyclohexyl acetate 
• 74-96-4 ethyl bromide 
• 352-93-2 diethyl sulphide 
• 138609-88-8 1,1,2,2-tetrakis(benzylthio)etane 
• 67-72-1 hexachloroethane 
• 100-56-1 phenylmercury(II) chloride 
• 71-43-2 benzene 
• 519-73-3 triphenylmethane 
• 630-76-2 tetraphenylmethane 
• 77753-21-0 1,1,1,4,4-pentachloro-but-2-ene 
• 13498-31-2 1,4-dichlorooctaphenyltetrasilane 
• 893-07-2 3-methyl-crotonaldehyde-(2,4-dinitro-phenylhydrazone) 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CHLORINATED METHANES

The present invention provides processes for the production of chlorinated methanes via the direct chlorination of methane. The processes include a dehydrochlorination and/or chlorination step that converts up to 100% of the higher chlorinated alkanes in a process stream from the methane chlorination reaction into more highly chlorinated alkanes. These more highly chlorinated alkanes can be easily removed from the process stream. The use of a cost effective feedstream of crude methane is thus rendered possible, without additional capital expenditure for the sophisticated separation equipment required to separate ethane and other hydrocarbon components from the methane feed.

Determination of the rate constant of the reaction of CCl2 with HCl

The rate constant of the reaction between CCl2 radicals and HCl was experimentally determined. The CCl2 radicals were obtained by infrared multiphoton dissociation of CDCl3. The time dependence of the CCl2 radic

Photocatalytic degradation of lindane by polyoxometalates: Intermediates and mechanistic aspects

The photocatalytic degradation of lindane (γ-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane) has been studied in the presence of the polyoxometalate PW12O403- in aqueous solutions. Lindane is fully decomposed to CO2, Cl- and H2O, while a great variety of intermediates has been detected using GC-MS, including aromatic compounds (dichlorophenol, trichlorophenols, tetrachlorophenol, hexachlorobenzene, di- and trichloro-benzenodiol), non-aromatic cyclic compounds (penta-, tetrachlorocyclohexene, heptachlorocyclohexane), aliphatic compounds (tetrachloroethane) and condensation products (polychlorinated biphenyls). The number and nature of the intermediates implies that the mechanism of decomposition of lindane is based on both oxidative and reductive processes. Common intermediates have been reported during photolysis of lindane in the presence of titanium dioxide. A similar overall mechanism of polyoxometalates and TiO2 photocatalysis through the formation of common reactive species is suggested.

ArF laser photolytic deposition and thermal modification of an ultrafine chlorohydrocarbon

MW ArF laser irradiation of gaseous cis-dichloroethene results in fast decomposition of this compound and in deposition of solid ultrafine Cl- and H-containing carbonaceous powder which is of interest due to its sub-microscopic structure and possible reactive modification of the C-Cl bonds. The product was characterized by electron microscopy, and FTIR and Raman spectra and it was revealed that HCl, H2, and C/H fragments are lost and graphitic features are adopted upon heating to 700°C.

Photocatalysis of chloroform decomposition by hexachloroosmate(IV)

Hexachloroosmate(IV) effectively catalyzes the photodecomposition of chloroform in aerated solutions. The decomposition products are consistent with a mechanism in which excited state OsCl62- reduces chloroform, rather than one involving photodissociation of chlorine atoms. Trace amounts of ethanol or water in the chloroform lead to photosubstitution to form OsCl5(EtOH)- or OsCl5(H2O) -, neither of which is photocatalytically active.

Fluorodecarboxylation, rearrangement and cyclisation: the influence of structure and environment on the reactions of carboxylic acids with xenon difluoride

The reactions of structurally diverse carboxylic acids with XeF2 in both CH2Cl2/Pyrex and CH2Cl2/PTFE have been studied. Pyrex appears to be a very effective heterogeneous catalyst for an electrophilic mode of reaction of polarised XeF2, leading to rearrangement, cyclisation and cationic products. In CH2Cl2/PTFE, fluorodecarboxylation is the main mode of reaction, in accordance with previous studies, and may occur via a SET reaction of unpolarised XeF2.

Polychloroethyltrifluoromethylsulfonamides from N,N-dichlorotrifluoromethylsulfonamide and dichloroethenes

The interaction of trifluoromethylsulfonic acid N,N-dichloroamide with 1,1- and 1,2-dichloroethenes is a convenient way to N-(2,2,2-trichloroethyl)trifluoromethylsulfonamide, N-(2,2-dichloroethylidene)amide of trifluoromethylsulfonic acid and its derivatives.

Generation of radical species in surface reactions of chlorohydrocarbons and chlorocarbons with fluorinated gallium(III) oxide or indium(III) oxide

The reactions of C1 and C2 chlorohydrocarbons and chlorocarbons have been studied with the Lewis acid catalysts fluorinated gallium(III) oxide and fluorinated indium(III) oxide, respectively. Product analysis shows chlorine-for-fluorine exchange reactions together with the formation of 2-methylpropane and its chlorinated analogues 2-chloromethyl-1,3-dichloropropane and 2-chloromethyl-1,2,3-trichloropropane. Reactivities of the chlorohydrocarbon probe molecules show fluorinated gallium(III) oxide to be a stronger Lewis acid than fluorinated indium(III) oxide. The formation of the symmetrical butyl compounds is consistent with the generation of surface radical species and is also consistent with a 1,2-migration mechanism operating within radical moieties at the Lewis acid surface.

Decomposition of acenaphthylene by ultrasonic irradiation

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were extracted from a soil sample using ultrasound and dichloromethane-, cyclohexane-, and toluene-water mixtures. It was found that when dichloromethane is used as an extractant, acenaphthylene reacts with the solvent Several chlorinated and oxygenated derivatives were identified. The results show that chlorinated solvents should be avoided because of their sonolytic decomposition. Particularly unsaturated nonaromatic compounds might react with intermediate decomposition radicals of the solvent