75-68-3 Usage
Description
1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane, also known as Chlorodifluoroethane, is a colorless, odorless gas that is shipped as a liquid under its own vapor pressure. It is flammable and has a nearly odorless quality. When exposed to room temperature and atmospheric pressure, it exists as a liquid under its own vapor pressure or as a gas. The liquid form is practically odorless and colorless, noncorrosive, and nonirritating. Contact with the unconfined liquid may cause frostbite due to evaporative cooling, and it can be easily ignited. Its vapors are heavier than air, and a leak may be either liquid or vapor. Prolonged exposure to fire or intense heat may cause the containers to violently rupture and rocket.
Uses
Used in Refrigeration Industry:
1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane is used as a refrigerant in the refrigeration industry for its noncorrosive and nonirritating properties, making it a suitable choice for cooling systems.
Used in Propellant Industry:
In the propellant industry, 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane is used as a propellant due to its flammable and easily ignited nature, which is ideal for applications requiring a propelling force.
Used in Fire Extinguishing Industry:
1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane is used as a fire extinguishing agent because of its ability to displace air and asphyxiate, making it effective in putting out fires.
Used in Environmental Protection:
1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane is used in environmental protection as it is being researched and developed as a potential alternative to ozone-depleting substances. For more information on its application in this context, please refer to www.aldrich.com/epaods regarding the EPA's request for application information of Ozone Depleting Substances.
Production Methods
Chlorodifluoroethane is prepared by the chlorination of difluoroethane
in the presence of a suitable catalyst; hydrochloric acid is
also formed. The chlorodifluoroethane is purified to remove all
traces of water and hydrochloric acid, as well as traces of the
starting and intermediate materials.
Air & Water Reactions
Highly flammable.
Reactivity Profile
1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane is chemically inert in many situations, but can react violently with strong reducing agents such as the very active metals and the active metals. Can react with strong oxidizing agents or weaker oxidizing agents under extremes of temperature.
Hazard
Flammable gas. Explosive limits in air 9.0–
14.8%.
Pharmaceutical Applications
Chlorodifluoroethane is a hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) aerosol
propellant previously used in topical pharmaceutical formula-
tions. However, it is no longer permitted for use in pharmaceutical
formulations because of its harmful effects on the environment. It
was also generally used in conjunction with difluoroethane to form
a propellant blend with a specific gravity of 1. Chlorodifluoroethane
was also used in combination with chlorodifluoromethane
and hydrocarbon propellants. Chlorodifluoroethane may be used as
a vehicle for dispersions and emulsions.
Safety Profile
Very ddly toxic by
inhalation. Mutation data reported. A very
dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat,
flame, or oxidzing materials. To fight fire,
stop flow of gas. Can react vigorously with
oxidizing materials. When heated to
decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Fand Cl-.
Safety
Chlorodifluoroethane is no longer permitted for use as an aerosol propellant in topical pharmaceutical formulations. It is generally regarded as an essentially nontoxic and nonirritant material.
Deliberate inhalation of excessive quantities of chlorofluorocarbon propellant may result in death, and the following ‘warning’ statements must appear on the label of all aerosols:
WARNING: Avoid inhalation. Keep away from eyes or other mucous membranes.
(Aerosols designed specifically for oral and nasal inhalation need not contain this statement.)
WARNING: Do not inhale directly; deliberate inhalation of contents can cause death.
or
WARNING: Use only as directed; intentional misuse by deliberately concentrating and inhaling the contents can be harmful or fatal.
Additionally, the label should contain the following information:
WARNING: Contents under pressure. Do not puncture or incinerate container. Do not expose to heat or store at room temperature above 120°F (498℃). Keep out of the reach of children.
In the USA, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) additionally requires the following information on all aerosols containing chlorofluorocarbons as the propellant:
WARNING: Contains a chlorofluorocarbon that may harm the public health and environment by reducing ozone in the upper atmosphere.
Potential Exposure
Chlorodifluoroethane is used in refrigerants; solvents; as a propellant in aerosol sprays; and as an
intermediate in the production of highly specialized
fluoropolymers.
storage
Chlorodifluoroethane is a nonreactive and stable material. The
liquefied gas is stable when used as a propellant and should be
stored in a metal cylinder in a cool, dry place.
Shipping
UN25171-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane or
Refrigerant gas R-142b, Hazard Class: 2.1; Labels: 2.1-
Flammable gas. Cylinders must be transported in a secure
upright position, in a well-ventilated truck. Protect cylinder
and labels from physical damage. The owner of the compressed gas cylinder is the only entity allowed by federal
law (49CFR) to transport and refill them. It is a violation
of transportation regulations to refill compressed gas cylinders without the express written permission of the owner.
Incompatibilities
Compatible with the usual ingredients used in the formulation of
pharmaceutical aerosols. Chlorodifluoroethane can react vigorously
with oxidizing materials.
Incompatibilities
The liquefied gas poured into water may
be violently explosive. This is due to the phase transition
from superheated liquid to vapor. Chlorodifluoroethane
is generally chemically inert; however, it can react violently with strong reducing agents such as hydrides and
highly active metals. It will react with strong oxidizers
(chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates,
chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires
or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong
bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides strong oxidizing
agents. It can also react with weak oxidizers under extreme temperatures. Decomposes in heat to form phosgene;
HF and hydrogen chloride
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 75-68-3 includes 5 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 2 digits, 7 and 5 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 6 and 8 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 75-68:
(4*7)+(3*5)+(2*6)+(1*8)=63
63 % 10 = 3
So 75-68-3 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C2H3ClF2/c1-2(3,4)5/h1H3
75-68-3Relevant articles and documents
Estimation of atmospheric lifetimes of hydrofluorocarbons, hydrofluoroethers, and olefins by chlorine photolysis using gas-phase NMR spectroscopy
Marchione, Alexander A.,Fagan, Paul J.,Till, Eric J.,Waterland, Robert L.,LaMarca, Concetta
, p. 6317 - 6322 (2008)
An empirical correlation has been derived between accepted atmospheric lifetimes of a set of hydrofluorocarbons and hydrofluoroethers and relative rates of reaction with photolyzed chlorine in excess at ambient temperature. These kinetic systems were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in the gas phase, marking the first application of NMR spectroscopy to this field. The square of the Pearson coefficient R for the linear correlation between observed reaction rates and accepted atmospheric lifetimes was 0.87 for compounds of lifetime less than 20 years. The method was extended to the study of ethene and propene; the rate of reaction of propene was found to be 1.25 times that of ethene at 23°C. The chief advantage of this method is its simplicity and reliance only on common tools and techniques of an industrial chemical laboratory.
γ-Alumina-supported boron trifluoride: Catalysis, radiotracer studies and computations
Klap?tke, Thomas M.,McMonagle, Fiona,Spence, Ronald R.,Winfield, John M.
, p. 1446 - 1453 (2008/09/19)
The irreversible adsorption of boron trifluoride on calcined γ-alumina and amorphous chromia, in both cases at room temperature, has been studied using [18F]-labelled BF3. Although the resulting γ-alumina surface has some catalytic activity for the room temperature fluorination by anhydrous HF of CH3CCl3 under static conditions, its activity is far lower than that of γ-alumina, which has been fluorinated with SF4, nominally at room temperature. A possible explanation for the observed behaviour is given.
Catalyst and method for producing 1,1-difluoroethane
-
, (2008/06/13)
The present invention relates to a catalyst for producing 1,1-difluoroethane (HCFC-152a) and producing method thereof. More particularly, it is to provide the catalyst prepared by impregnating palladium on the active carbon pretreated with an aqueous hydrogen fluoride solution and an aqueous hydrogen chloride solution in series and its use in the production of 1,1-difluoroethane (HCFC-142b) by dehydrochlorinating 1,1-difluoro-1-chloroethane at 240-300° C. in the supplying molar ratio of 2-6 (H2/HCFC-142b) with maximizing a selectivity toward the product of HCFC-152a.