4298-08-2Relevant articles and documents
Microbial screening in hydroxylation of l-proline
Bontoux,Gelo-Pujic
, p. 9073 - 9076 (2006)
Microbial screening of 250 wild type strains resulted in identification of five strains with the activity of prolyl hydroxylase. All five strains hydroxylated regioselectively and enantioselectively l-proline into 4(R)-trans-hydroxy-l-proline 1. The best conversions were obtained with a wild type of Aeromonas caviae. 3-Hydroxylase activity was not detected.
Reductive cyanation: A key step for a short synthesis of (-)-(2S,3S)-3- hydroxyproline
Durand, Jean-Olivier,Larcheveque, Marc,Petit, Yves
, p. 5743 - 5746 (1998)
A short stereoselective synthesis of (-)-(2S,3S)-3-hydroxyproline has been realized from L-malic acid as the source of chirality. The key step was the reductive cyanation of the intermediate 1a, in high stereoselectivity and yield.
Total Synthesis of 3(S)-Carboxy-4(S)-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridazine, an Unusual Amino Acid Constituent of Luzopeptin A
Hughes, Philip,Clardy, Jon
, p. 3260 - 3264 (1989)
The enantiospecific synthesis of 3(S)-carboxy-4(S)-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridazine (2), a novel constituent of the antibiotic antitumor agent luzopeptin A is described.Structural corroboration of the synthetic compound is based on three points.The 13C NMR spectrum of synthetic 2 was compared with that of a similar degradation product of luzopeptin.The 1H NMR spectrum of 2 was compared with that of the synthetic cis isomer.Finally, the synthetic methodology developed for the synthesis of 2 was applied to the synthesis of the known L-trans-3-hydroxyproline.
Modular Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of GE81112 B1 and Related Analogues Enables Elucidation of Its Key Pharmacophores
Zwick, Christian R.,Sosa, Max B.,Renata, Hans
supporting information, p. 1673 - 1679 (2021/01/25)
The GE81112 complex has garnered much interest due to its broad antimicrobial properties and unique ability to inhibit bacterial translation initiation. Herein we report the use of a chemoenzymatic strategy to complete the first total synthesis of GE81112 B1. By pairing iron and α-ketoglutarate dependent hydroxylases found in GE81112 biosynthesis with traditional synthetic methodology, we were able to access the natural product in 11 steps (longest linear sequence). Following this strategy, 10 GE81112 B1 analogues were synthesized, allowing for identification of its key pharmacophores. A key feature of our medicinal chemistry effort is the incorporation of additional biocatalytic hydroxylations in modular analogue synthesis to rapidly enable exploration of relevant chemical space.
Discovery of New Fe(II)/α-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenases for Oxidation of l-Proline
Dussauge, Solene,Moore, Charles,Snajdrova, Radka,Tassano, Erika,Vargas, Alexandra
supporting information, (2022/02/09)
Genome mining for novel Fe(II)/α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (αKGDs) to expand the enzymatic repertoire in the oxidation of l-proline is reported. Through clustering of proteins, we predicted regio- and stereoselectivity in the hydroxylation reaction and validated this hypothesis experimentally. Two novel byproducts in the reactions with enzymes from Bacillus cereus and Streptomyces sp. were isolated, and the structures were determined to be a 3,4-epoxide and a 3,4-diol, respectively. The mechanism for the formation of the epoxide was investigated by performing an 18O-labeling experiment. We propose that the mechanism proceeds via initial cis-3-hydroxylation followed by ring closure. A biocatalytic step was run on subgram quantities of starting material without any significant optimization of the conditions. However, the substrate concentration was 40-fold higher than the usual reported titers for recombinant P450-mediated hydroxylations, showing the synthetic potential of αKGDs on a preparative scale.
Studies on the selectivity of proline hydroxylases reveal new substrates including bicycles
Smart, Tristan J.,Hamed, Refaat B.,Claridge, Timothy D.W.,Schofield, Christopher J.
supporting information, (2019/11/26)
Studies on the substrate selectivity of recombinant ferrous-iron- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent proline hydroxylases (PHs) reveal that they can catalyse the production of dihydroxylated 5-, 6-, and 7-membered ring products, and can accept bicyclic substrates. Ring-substituted substrate analogues (such hydroxylated and fluorinated prolines) are accepted in some cases. The results highlight the considerable, as yet largely untapped, potential for amino acid hydroxylases and other 2OG oxygenases in biocatalysis.
Preparation method of cis-3-hydroxyl-L-proline
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Paragraph 0014; 0038; 0046; 0047; 0055, (2019/02/04)
The invention provides a preparation method of cis-3-hydroxyl-L-proline. The preparation method comprises the following steps of using the industrially produced L-serine as the starting raw material,introducing a second chiral center into the nucleophilic addition reaction of aldehyde via an ortho chiral induction format, and separating the product and an isomer by a column separating method; constructing an intermediate of which the carbon number is the same with the carbon number of a target product through the hydroxyl protection and the hydroboration-oxidizing reaction, constructing a five-elemental ring of the proline via the cyclization reaction in molecules, and removing the protective radicals, so as to obtain the cis-3-hydroxyl-L-proline. The cis-3-hydroxyl-L-proline prepared bythe preparation method has the advantages that the chemical purity and optical purity are high; the whole technology is simple and is easy to implement, the cost is low, the expensive or hypertoxic raw material or reagent is not used, and the cis-3-hydroxyl-L-proline is suitable for kilogram-level production; the higher implementing value and social and economic benefits are realized.
Asymmetric Syntheses of (2 R,3 S)-3-Hydroxyproline and (2 S,3 S)-3-Hydroxyproline
Davies, Stephen G.,Fletcher, Ai M.,Linsdall, Sean M.,Roberts, Paul M.,Thomson, James E.
supporting information, p. 4135 - 4139 (2018/07/15)
Two synthetic routes have been developed for the asymmetric syntheses of (2R,3S)- and (2S,3S)-3-hydroxyproline. The key synthetic step in each of these strategies is the conversion of protected α,δ-dihydroxy-β-amino esters (either 2,3-anti- or 2,3-syn-configured) into β,δ-dihydroxy-α-amino esters (protected forms thereof), via the intermediacy of the corresponding aziridinium ions. The products of these stereospecific rearrangements were then cyclized and deprotected to afford (2R,3S)-3-hydroxyproline and (2S,3S)-3-hydroxyproline as single diastereoisomers (>99:1 dr) in >26% overall yield.
Pneumocandin biosynthesis: Involvement of a trans-selective proline hydroxylase
Houwaart, Stefanie,Youssar, Loubna,Hüttel, Wolfgang
, p. 2365 - 2369 (2015/03/03)
Echinocandins are cyclic nonribosomal hexapeptides based mostly on nonproteinogenic amino acids and displaying strong antifungal activity. Despite previous studies on their biosynthesis by fungi, the origin of three amino acids, trans-4-and trans-3-hydroxyproline, as well as trans-3-hydroxy-4-meth-ylproline, is still unknown. Here we describe the identification, overexpression, and characterization of GloF, the first eukaryot-ic a-ketoglutarate/FeII-dependent proline hydroxylase from the pneumocandin biosynthesis cluster of the fungus Glarea loz-oyensis ATCC 74030. In in vitro transformations with L-proline, GloF generates trans-4- and trans-3-hydroxyproline simultaneously in a ratio of 8:1; the latter reaction was previously unknown for proline hydroxylase catalysis. trans-4-Methyl-L-proline is converted into the corresponding trans-3-hydroxypro-line. All three hydroxyprolines required for the biosynthesis of the echinocandins pneumocandins A0 and B0 in G. lozoyensis are thus provided by GloF. Sequence analyses revealed that GloF is not related to bacterial proline hydroxylases, and none of the putative proteins with high sequence similarity in the databases has been characterized so far.
Regio- and stereoselective oxygenation of proline derivatives by using microbial 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases
Hara, Ryotaro,Uchiumi, Naoko,Okamoto, Naoko,Kino, Kuniki
, p. 1384 - 1388 (2015/07/20)
We evaluated the substrate specificities of four proline cis-selective hydroxylases toward the efficient synthesis of proline derivatives. In an initial evaluation, 15 proline-related compounds were investigated as substrates. In addition to L-proline and L-pipecolinic acid, we found that 3,4-dehydro-L-proline, L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid, cis-3-hydroxy-L-proline, and L-thioproline were also oxygenated. Subsequently, the product structures were determined, revealing cis-3,4-epoxy-L-proline, cis-3-hydroxy-L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid, and 2,3-cis-3,4-cis-3,4-dihydroxy-L-proline.
