4602-84-0 Usage
Description
Farnesol has a characteristic flowery odor.
Chemical Properties
Different sources of media describe the Chemical Properties of 4602-84-0 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Farnesol has a characteristic fowery odor The physical constants vary slightly, depending on the source and the method of preparation.
2. colourless liquid with a floral odour
3. Farnesol is a component of
many blossom oils. It is a colorless liquid with a linden blossom odor, which
becomes more intense when evaporated.
Of the four possible isomers (due to the double bonds in the 2- and 6-positions),
the (2E,6E)-isomer is the most common in nature and occurs, forexample, in ambrette seed oil.(2Z,6E)-Farnesol [3790-71-4] has been
identified in petitgrain oil bigarade.
Synthetic farnesol is a mixture of isomers obtained by isomerization of nerolidol.
Farnesol is particularly suited for use in flower compositions and is valued for
its fixative and deodorizing properties.
Occurrence
The presence of this terpene alcohol in nature has been reported in more than 30 essential oils; the levels are generally low (0.5 to 1.0%) with the exception of cabreuva, which contains up to 2 5% farensol, and the distillate from fowers of Oxystigma buccholtzii Harms which contains up to 18% farnesol Among the essential oils containing farnesol are lemongrass, Ceylon citronella, cananga, ambrette seeds, ylang-ylang, Acacia farnesiana, Peru balsam, palmarosa, tuberose, and others Reported found in apricot, citrus peel oils, grapefruit juice, strawberry jam, ginger, clove bud, hop oil, cardamom, ginger, thyme, beer, whiskey, basil, papaya, anise seed, German chamomile and Cympogon citratus oils
Uses
Different sources of media describe the Uses of 4602-84-0 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. It can be used to induce apoptosis in cell cultures. It is also used as an antimicrobial agent. It is used in perfumes and as a flavoring agent.
2. farnesol is described as a substance of high biological potential, capable of acting in the skin as a true bioactivator. A biological precursor and fatty alcohol, farnesol is one component of vitamin K. It is said to help smooth wrinkles, normalize sebum secretion, and increase the skin’s elasticity, tissue tension, and moisture-binding capability. It is able to penetrate the epidermis. In humans, farnesol is found in the skin and is involved in sterol biosynthesis. It is also used for its deodorant, odor-masking, and skin-soothing properties. In clinical studies, farnesol has demonstrated anti-microbial activity, though it is unclear if this remains the case once incorporated into a cosmetic formulation. It is widely present in vegetables and found in many essential oils (for example, acacia, lilac, lily of the valley, rose, orange blossom, oak moss, and sandalwood).
Definition
ChEBI: A farnesane sesquiterpenoid that is dodeca-2,6,10-triene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 7 and 11 and a hydroxy group at position 1.
Preparation
One method uses cabreuva as the starting material (Swiss Patent 261,120-Givaudan and Co ), while a second method starts from ambrette seeds (German Patent 149, 603-Haarmann and Reimer).
Aroma threshold values
Detection: 1 ppm; aroma characteristics at 1.0%: foral rose, sweet, fruity linalool with a fusel alcoholic, green lavender and haylike nuances.
Taste threshold values
aste characteristics at 10 ppm: sweet foral, fruity apricot and peachlike, green with woody tea and grape nuances.
General Description
Colorless liquid with a delicate floral odor.
Reactivity Profile
Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of alcohols with alkali metals, nitrides, and strong reducing agents. They react with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water. Oxidizing agents convert them to aldehydes or ketones. Alcohols exhibit both weak acid and weak base behavior. They may initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides.
Contact allergens
Farnesol is one of the most frequent contact allergens
in perfumes. It is contained in small amounts in
Myroxylon pereirae and poplar buds. It is a blend of
four diastereosiomers trans/cis. As a fragrance allergen,
farnesol has to be mentioned by name in cosmetics
within the EU.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Taste at 10 ppm
Anticancer Research
A pharmacogenomic approach was used for the farnesol. Tests on many genesinvolved in apoptosis, regulation of transcription, and genes like INE1, CTRL,MRS2, NEB, LMO7, C9orf3, and EHBP1 are not conferred resistance to farnesol.The effects of farnesol on genes not related to the resistance to anticancer drugs mayspeculate the design of new drugs against tumor-resistant line (Manjamalai andGrace 2012a, 2012b; Ji et al. 2014).
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 4602-84-0 includes 7 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 4 digits, 4,6,0 and 2 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 8 and 4 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 4602-84:
(6*4)+(5*6)+(4*0)+(3*2)+(2*8)+(1*4)=80
80 % 10 = 0
So 4602-84-0 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C15H26O/c1-13(2)7-5-8-14(3)9-6-10-15(4)11-12-16/h7,9,11,16H,5-6,8,10,12H2,1-4H3/b14-9-,15-11+
4602-84-0Relevant articles and documents
Efficient and stable small molecule agonist of v [gamma] 9v delta 2t cells
-
Paragraph 0638-0640, (2019/04/30)
The invention relates to a formula (I) compound as an efficient and stable small molecule agonist of v [gamma] 9v delta 2t cells, wherein the groups are defined in the specification and the claims. The present invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing the formula (I) compound and use thereof in the treatment of proliferative diseases.
Rabbit 3-hydroxyhexobarbital dehydrogenase is a NADPH-preferring reductase with broad substrate specificity for ketosteroids, prostaglandin D2, and other endogenous and xenobiotic carbonyl compounds
Endo, Satoshi,Matsunaga, Toshiyuki,Matsumoto, Atsuko,Arai, Yuki,Ohno, Satoshi,El-Kabbani, Ossama,Tajima, Kazuo,Bunai, Yasuo,Yamano, Shigeru,Hara, Akira,Kitade, Yukio
, p. 1366 - 1375 (2013/11/19)
3-Hydroxyhexobarbital dehydrogenase (3HBD) catalyzes NAD(P) +-linked oxidation of 3-hydroxyhexobarbital into 3-oxohexobarbital. The enzyme has been thought to act as a dehydrogenase for xenobiotic alcohols and some hydroxysteroids, but its physiological function remains unknown. We have purified rabbit 3HBD, isolated its cDNA, and examined its specificity for coenzymes and substrates, reaction directionality and tissue distribution. 3HBD is a member (AKR1C29) of the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily, and exhibited high preference for NADP(H) over NAD(H) at a physiological pH of 7.4. In the NADPH-linked reduction, 3HBD showed broad substrate specificity for a variety of quinones, ketones and aldehydes, including 3-, 17- and 20-ketosteroids and prostaglandin D2, which were converted to 3α-, 17β- and 20α-hydroxysteroids and 9α,11β- prostaglandin F2, respectively. Especially, α-diketones (such as isatin and diacetyl) and lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes (such as 4-oxo- and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenals) were excellent substrates showing low Km values (0.1-5.9 μM). In 3HBD-overexpressed cells, 3-oxohexobarbital and 5β-androstan-3α-ol-17-one were metabolized into 3-hydroxyhexobarbital and 5β-androstane-3α,17β-diol, respectively, but the reverse reactions did not proceed. The overexpression of the enzyme in the cells decreased the cytotoxicity of 4-oxo-2-nonenal. The mRNA for 3HBD was ubiquitously expressed in rabbit tissues. The results suggest that 3HBD is an NADPH-preferring reductase, and plays roles in the metabolisms of steroids, prostaglandin D2, carbohydrates and xenobiotics, as well as a defense system, protecting against reactive carbonyl compounds.
Properties and tissue distribution of a novel aldo-keto reductase encoding in a rat gene (Akr1b10)
Endo, Satoshi,Matsunaga, Toshiyuki,Kuragano, Tsukasa,Ohno, Satoshi,Kitade, Yukio,Tajima, Kazuo,El-Kabbani, Ossama,Hara, Akira
experimental part, p. 230 - 237 (2011/10/30)
A recent rat genomic sequencing predicts a gene Akr1b10 that encodes a protein with 83% sequence similarity to human aldo-keto reductase (AKR) 1B10. In this study, we isolated the cDNA for the rat AKR1B10 (R1B10) from rat brain, and examined the enzymatic properties of the recombinant protein. R1B10 utilized NADPH as the preferable coenzyme, and reduced various aldehydes (including cytotoxic 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal and 4-hydroxy- and 4-oxo-2-nonenals) and α-dicarbonyl compounds (such as methylglyoxal and 3-deoxyglucosone), showing low Km values of 0.8-6.1μM and 3.7-67μM, respectively. The enzyme also reduced glyceraldehyde and tetroses (Km=96-390μM), although hexoses and pentoses were inactive and poor substrates, respectively. Among the substrates, 4-oxo-2-nonenal was most efficiently reduced into 4-oxo-2-nonenol, and its cytotoxicity against bovine endothelial cells was decreased by the overexpression of R1B10. R1B10 showed low sensitivity to aldose reductase inhibitors, and was activated to approximately two folds by valproic acid, and alicyclic and aromatic carboxylic acids. The mRNA for R1B10 was expressed highly in rat brain and heart, and at low levels in other rat tissues and skin fibroblasts. The results suggest that R1B10 functions as a defense system against oxidative stress and glycation in rat tissues.
