628-97-7

Basic information

• Product Name: Ethyl hexadecanoate
• Synonyms: Palmiticacid, ethyl ester (6CI,8CI);Ethyl hexadecanoate;Ethyl palmitate;NSC 8918
• CAS NO: 628-97-7
• Molecular Formula: C₁₈H₃₆O₂
• Molecular Weight: 284.48
• EINECS: 211-064-6
• Mol File: 628-97-7.mol
• Article Data: 48

Chemical Properties

• Melting Point: 22℃
• Boiling Point: 342.2 °C at 760 mmHg
• Flash Point: 149 °C
• Appearance: clear colorless oily liquid after melting
• Density: 0.864 g/cm³
• Refractive Index: 1.437-1.443
• Water Solubility: IMMISCIBLE
• CAS DataBase Reference: Ethyl hexadecanoate(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: Ethyl hexadecanoate(628-97-7)
• EPA Substance Registry System: Ethyl hexadecanoate(628-97-7)

Safety Data

• Safety Statements: S23:; S24/25:
• Hazardous Substances Data: 628-97-7(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

General Description

Ethyl hexadecanoate, also known as ethyl palmitate, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C18H36O2. It is a colorless, oily liquid with a faint odor, and it is commonly used as a flavoring agent in food and beverages. It is derived from palmitic acid, a saturated fatty acid found in palm oil, coconut oil, and other natural fats. Ethyl hexadecanoate is also used in the production of cosmetics, fragrances, and as a lubricant in various industrial applications. It is considered safe for consumption and is approved for use in food products by regulatory agencies.

InChI:InChI=1/C18H36O2/c1-3-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18(19)20-4-2/h3-17H2,1-2H3

Synthetic route

ethanol (64-17-5) + 1-hexadecylcarboxylic acid (57-10-3) → hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (628-97-7)

Conditions	Yield
With monoammonium 12-tungstophosphate for 12h; Heating;	98%
With alumina methanesulfonic acid at 120℃; for 0.333333h; Microwave irradiation;	97%
With polysiloxane acidic ionic liquids containing pyridinium trifluoroacetate salts for 4h; Reflux;	96%

ethanol (64-17-5) + glyceroltripalmitate (555-44-2) → hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (628-97-7) + glycerol (56-81-5)

Conditions	Yield
With lithium perchlorate 1) electrolyzis; 2) reflux, 7h;	A 96% B n/a

Triethyl orthoacetate (78-39-7) + 1-hexadecylcarboxylic acid (57-10-3) → hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (628-97-7)

Conditions	Yield
With 3-butyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium hexafluorophosphate at 100℃; for 3.5h;	95%
In various solvent(s) at 100℃; for 3.5h;	95%

ethanol (64-17-5) + C25H44N2O3S (88743-87-7) → hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (628-97-7)

Conditions	Yield
With CuCl2*2H2O for 3h; Ambient temperature;	90%

ethanol (64-17-5) + C31H56N2O3S (88743-88-8) → hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (628-97-7)

Conditions	Yield
With CuCl2*2H2O for 3h; Ambient temperature;	90%

ethanol (64-17-5) + 4-nitrophenyl palmitate (1492-30-4) → hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (628-97-7)

Conditions	Yield
With palmitic acid imprinted Thermomyces lanuginosus Lypozyme TL 100L lipase nanogel In n-heptane at 40℃; for 1h; Reagent/catalyst; Green chemistry; Enzymatic reaction;	77%
With constitutive mycelium-bound lipase from Aspergillus niger MYA 135 In hexane; acetone at 37℃; for 1h; Reagent/catalyst; Enzymatic reaction;
With lipase encapsulated polyacrylamide nanogel In n-heptane Reagent/catalyst; Enzymatic reaction;

ethanol (64-17-5) + Palmitamide (629-54-9) → hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (628-97-7)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride; titanium tetrachloride for 12h; Heating;	74%

ethanol (64-17-5) + glyceroltripalmitate (555-44-2) → hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (628-97-7)

Conditions	Yield
With PDVB-VI-0.5 at 78℃; for 3h;	64.3%

silver palmitate (3508-01-8) + ethyl iodide (75-03-6) → hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (628-97-7)

Conditions	Yield
With xylene at 100℃;

formaldehyd (50-00-0) + 1-hexadecylcarboxylic acid (57-10-3) → hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (112-39-0) + hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (628-97-7)

Conditions	Yield
at 300℃; im Rohr;

ethanol (64-17-5) + n-hexadecanoyl chloride (112-67-4) → hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (628-97-7)

Conditions	Yield
With diethyl ether; magnesium

Palmitoyl p-toluolsulphonyldiester (65260-62-0) → hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (628-97-7)

Conditions	Yield
With sodium tetrahydroborate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide

potassium palmitate (2624-31-9) + ethyl iodide (75-03-6) → hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (628-97-7)

Conditions	Yield
In methanol; acetone for 16h; Heating;

ethanol (64-17-5) + 3-O-palmitoyl-D-glucopyranose (182698-28-8) → D-Glucose (2280-44-6) + hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (628-97-7)

Conditions	Yield
With water; sulfuric acid at 50℃; Rate constant;

ethanol (64-17-5) + 3-O-Palmitoyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-D-glucofuranose (122156-12-1) → 5,6-O-isopropylidene-D-glucofuranose (70834-19-4, 138343-45-0, 138343-46-1) + hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (628-97-7)

Conditions	Yield
With water; sulfuric acid at 50℃; Rate constant;

ethanol (64-17-5) + 3-O-Palmitoyl-1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-glucofuranose (24613-34-1) → hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (628-97-7) + 1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-glucofuranose (582-52-5)

Conditions	Yield
With water; sulfuric acid at 50℃; Rate constant;

ethanol (64-17-5) + 2-Oleodipalmitin (2190-25-2) → oleic acid ethyl ester (111-62-6) + hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (628-97-7) + hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1,3-propanediyl ester (502-52-3) + 1-O-palmitoyl-2-O-oleoyl glycerol (3123-73-7) + 1-O-palmitoylglycerol

Conditions	Yield
With immobilized EL1 lipase In water; tert-butyl alcohol at 30℃; for 4.16667h;	A 45 mmol B 11 mmol C n/a D n/a E n/a

n-hexadecanoyl chloride (112-67-4) + sodium-compound of hexane-1,1,6-tricarboxylic acid triethyl ester → hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (628-97-7)

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: aq. NH4OH / CH2Cl2 / 0 - 20 °C 2: 74 percent / TiCl4, aq. HCl / 12 h / Heating View Scheme

1-hexadecylcarboxylic acid (57-10-3) + pancreassubstances → hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (628-97-7)

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: benzene 2: NaBH4 / dimethylformamide View Scheme

fatty acids from sewage scum; extract of + ethanol (64-17-5) → hydroxy fatty acid ethyl esters + oleic acid ethyl ester (111-62-6) + ethyl (9Z,12Z)-9,12-octadecadienoate (544-35-4) + ethyl linolenate (1191-41-9) + hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (628-97-7) + ethyl heptadecanoate (14010-23-2) + stearic acid ethyl ester (111-61-5)

Conditions	Yield
sulfuric acid at 60℃; for 1h; Conversion of starting material;

...Expand

1-hexadecylcarboxylic acid (57-10-3) → hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (628-97-7)

Conditions	Yield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1.1: iodine / acetonitrile / 0.17 h / Inert atmosphere 2.1: zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate / acetonitrile / 0.5 h / 60 °C / Inert atmosphere 2.2: 3.5 h / 60 °C / Inert atmosphere View Scheme

ethanol (64-17-5) + C34H46O2P(1+)*I(1-) → hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (628-97-7)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: C34H46O2P(1+)*I(1-) With zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate In acetonitrile at 60℃; for 0.5h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: ethanol In acetonitrile at 60℃; for 3.5h; Inert atmosphere;	55 mg

ethyl iodide (75-03-6) + 1-hexadecylcarboxylic acid (57-10-3) → hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (628-97-7)

Conditions	Yield
With 18-crown-6 ether; potassium carbonate In tetrahydrofuran for 21h; Inert atmosphere; Reflux;

hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (628-97-7) → 1-Hexadecanol (36653-82-4)

Conditions	Yield
With C32H36ClNO2P2Ru; potassium tert-butylate; hydrogen In tetrahydrofuran at 120℃; under 38002.6 Torr; for 20h; Autoclave; Green chemistry;	98%
With C30H34Cl2N2P2Ru; potassium methanolate; hydrogen In tetrahydrofuran at 100℃; under 38002.6 - 76005.1 Torr; for 15h; Glovebox; Autoclave;	92%
With aluminum oxide; sodium; tert-butyl alcohol In toluene for 6h; Heating;	70%

hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (628-97-7) + 4-(hydroxymethyl)benzene-1,2-diol (3897-89-0) → 3,4-dihydroxybenzyl palmitate

Conditions	Yield
With Novozym 435 at 37℃;	98%

hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (628-97-7) + hydroxytyrosol (10597-60-1) → palmitic acid-3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyl ester

Conditions	Yield
With Novozym 435 at 37℃;	98%

hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (628-97-7) + ethanolamine (141-43-5) → 2-(palmitoylamino)ethanol (544-31-0)

Conditions	Yield
With Novozym 435 In 1,4-dioxane for 0.0666667h; Microwave irradiation; Enzymatic reaction; chemoselective reaction;	97.5%

3-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-propanol (46118-02-9) + hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (628-97-7) → 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propyl palmitate

Conditions	Yield
With Novozym 435 at 37℃;	97%

hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (628-97-7) + benzylamine (100-46-9) → hexadecanoic acid benzylamide (74058-71-2)

Conditions	Yield
With indium (III) iodide at 110 - 120℃; for 8.5h;	91%
at 150℃;

D-ribo-phytosphingosine (554-62-1) + hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (628-97-7) → N-palmitoyl-D-ribo-phytosphingosine (111149-09-8)

Conditions	Yield
With sodium methylate In methanol at 55℃;	88.6%

hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (628-97-7) → <1,1-D2>cetyl alcohol (56555-03-4)

Conditions	Yield
With lithium aluminium deuteride In diethyl ether at 25℃;	86%

hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (628-97-7) → palmitonitrile (629-79-8)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester With sodium diisobutyl-tert-butoxyaluminium hydride In tetrahydrofuran at 0℃; for 2h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: With 1,3-Diiodo-5,5-dimethyl-2,4-imidazolidinedione; ammonia In tetrahydrofuran; water at 0 - 20℃; for 3h;	86%
Stage #1: hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester With sodium diisobutyl-tert-butoxyaluminium hydride In tetrahydrofuran at 0℃; for 4h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: With ammonium hydroxide; 1,3-Diiodo-5,5-dimethyl-2,4-imidazolidinedione In tetrahydrofuran at 0℃; for 2h; Inert atmosphere;	351 mg

methanol (67-56-1) + hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (628-97-7) → hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (112-39-0)

Conditions	Yield
With indium; iodine for 4.5h; transesterification; Heating;	85%
With Dowex DR2030 ion exchange resin at 59.84℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 3h;

hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (628-97-7) → α-Tetradecyl-β-keto-stearinsaeureethylester (119119-53-8)

Conditions	Yield
With sodium ethanolate at 140℃; for 2h; Inert atmosphere;	80%
With sodium ethanolate Heating;

hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (628-97-7) + diethyl chlorophosphate (814-49-3) → ethyl 1-O-1'-(E/Z)-1-(diethylphosphonyl)-1-hexadecenyl ether

Conditions	Yield
With lithium diisopropyl amide In tetrahydrofuran; N,N,N,N,N,N-hexamethylphosphoric triamide 1.) -78 deg C, 20 min, 2.) r.t., 1.5 h;	73%

hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (628-97-7) + (E)-4-(3-hydroxyprop-1-en-1-yl)benzene-1,2-diol (3598-26-3) → 3,4-dihydroxycinnamyl palmitate

Conditions	Yield
With Novozym 435 at 37℃;	71%

hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (628-97-7) + allyl bromide (106-95-6) → ethyl 2-(2-propenyl)hexadecanoate (123546-59-8)

Conditions	Yield
With n-butyllithium; diisopropylamine In tetrahydrofuran	67%
With lithium diisopropyl amide 1.) THF, hexane, 0 deg C, 1 h, 2.) RT, 12 h; Yield given. Multistep reaction;

hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (628-97-7) + 4-phthalimidobutyryl chloride (10314-06-4) → β-ketoester (32) (322391-58-2)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 4-phthalimidobutyric acid With thionyl chloride for 3h; Heating / reflux; Stage #2: hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester; 4-phthalimidobutyryl chloride; lithium hexamethyldisilazane In tetrahydrofuran at -20 - 20℃; for 2.33333h; Heating / reflux; Stage #3: With ammonium chloride In water	37%

hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (628-97-7) + ascorbic acid (50-81-7) → Ascorbyl palmitate (137-66-6)

Conditions	Yield
With Lipozyme TL IM In tert-Amyl alcohol at 40℃; Enzymatic reaction;	20%

ethylmagnesium iodide (10467-10-4) + hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (628-97-7) → 3-ethyl-octadecan-3-ol (35185-53-6)

Conditions	Yield
With ethanol

n-butyl magnesium bromide (693-03-8) + hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (628-97-7) → 5-butyl-eicosan-5-ol (105359-53-3) + 5-butyl-eicos-4-ene (13287-17-7)

Conditions	Yield
With diethyl ether

methyl magnesium iodide (917-64-6) + hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (628-97-7) → 2-methylheptadecan-2-ol (35177-29-8)

Conditions	Yield
With diethyl ether

methyl magnesium iodide (917-64-6) + hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (628-97-7) → heptadecan-2-one (2922-51-2)

Conditions	Yield
With diethyl ether

hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester (628-97-7) + ethylmagnesium bromide (925-90-6) → 3-ethyl-octadecan-3-ol (35185-53-6)

Conditions	Yield
With diethyl ether

Upstream product

• 3508-01-8 silver palmitate 
• 75-03-6 ethyl iodide 
• 50-00-0 formaldehyd 
• 57-10-3 1-hexadecylcarboxylic acid 
• 64-17-5 ethanol 
• 112-67-4 n-hexadecanoyl chloride 
• 555-44-2 glyceroltripalmitate 
• 122156-12-1 3-O-Palmitoyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-D-glucofuranose 
• 24613-34-1 3-O-Palmitoyl-1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-glucofuranose 
• 629-54-9 Palmitamide 
• 78-39-7 Triethyl orthoacetate 
• 1492-30-4 4-nitrophenyl palmitate 
• 88743-88-8 C₃₁H₅₆N₂O₃S 
• 88743-87-7 C₂₅H₄₄N₂O₃S 

Downstream Products

• 105359-53-3 5-butyl-eicosan-5-ol 
• 13287-17-7 5-butyl-eicos-4-ene 
• 35177-29-8 2-methylheptadecan-2-ol 
• 103389-09-9 1,1-bis-biphenyl-4-yl-hexadecane 
• 4444-09-1 1-hydroxy-1.1-diphenyl-hexadecane 
• 36653-82-4 1-Hexadecanol 
• 2619-88-7 palmitic acid hydrazide 
• 629-54-9 Palmitamide 
• 13482-05-8 N-(2-aminoethyl)palmitanamide 
• 5518-18-3 N,N'-ethylene-bis-(palmitamide) 
• 502-73-8 palmitone 
• 74058-71-2 hexadecanoic acid benzylamide 
• 4113-12-6 17-oxatritriacontane 
• 55520-89-3 hexadecanoic acid trimethylsilyl ester 

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