75-60-5

Usage

Uses

Used in Proteomics Research:
CACODYLIC ACID is used as a substitute for phosphate in applications to avoid phosphates, making it a useful arsenic acid for proteomics research.
Used in DNA Applications:
CACODYLIC ACID is used as a reagent in some DNA applications, providing an alternative to other chemicals for specific procedures.
Used in Microscopy:
CACODYLIC ACID is used as a fixative in microscopy, helping to preserve the structure and morphology of biological samples.
Used in Dermatologic Treatment:
CACODYLIC ACID is used as a dermatologic treatment for chronic eczema, anemia, and as a tonic, providing relief and support for skin conditions.
Used in Agriculture:
CACODYLIC ACID is used as a herbicide in agriculture, helping to control and eliminate unwanted plant growth.

Air & Water Reactions

Hygroscopic. Water soluble.

Reactivity Profile

CACODYLIC ACID is a weak acid. Dissolves in water to yield solutions containing more hydrogen ions than pure water contains and so having a pH less than 7.0. Is neutralized exothermically by all bases to produce water plus a salt. Reacts (but usually slowly) with active metals to form gaseous hydrogen and a metal salt. Such reactions occur in principle for the solid acid but are quite slow if the solid acid remains dry. The solid may absorb enough water from the air and dissolve sufficiently in CACODYLIC ACID to corrode or dissolve iron, steel, and aluminum parts and containers. Reacts with cyanide salts to generate gaseous hydrogen cyanide. Flammable and/or toxic gases and heat may be generated with diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, and sulfides. Also may react with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (SO2), to generate flammable and/or toxic gases and heat. Reaction with carbonates and bicarbonates generates a harmless gas (carbon dioxide) but still some heat. Can be oxidized exothermically by strong oxidizing agents and reduced by strong reducing agents; a wide variety of products is possible. May initiate polymerization reactions; may catalyze (increase the rate of) chemical reactions.

Hazard

Toxic by ingestion.

Health Hazard

Chemical is essentially non-irritating in contact with skin or eyes. Ingestion causes arsenic poisoning, but symptoms are delayed.

Fire Hazard

Behavior in Fire: May form toxic oxides of arsenic when heated.

Shipping

UN1572 Cacodylic acid & UN1688 Sodium Cacodylate, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials. UN3465 Organoarsenic compound, solid, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required

Purification Methods

Recrystallise it from warm EtOH (3mL/g) by cooling and filtering. Dry it in a vacuum desiccator over CaCl2. It has also been recrystallised twice from propan-2-ol. [Koller & Hawkridge J Am Chem Soc 107 7412 1985, Beilstein 4 IV 3681.]

Incompatibilities

A strong reducing agent. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Aqueous solution reacts violently with chemically active metals releasing toxic arsenic fumes. Incompatible with oxidizers, sulfuric acid; caustics (strong bases), reducing agents; ammonia, amines, isocyanates, alkylene oxides; epichlorohydrin.

InChI:InChI=1/C2H7AsO2/c1-3(2,4)5/h1-2H3,(H,4,5)

Synthetic route

trimethylarsine (593-88-4) → trimethylarsine oxide (4964-14-1) + Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5)

Conditions	Yield
With air
With diethyl ether

Dimethylchloroarsine (557-89-1) → Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5)

Conditions	Yield
With dihydrogen peroxide

tetramethyldiarsine (471-35-2) → Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5)

Conditions	Yield
bei der Oxydation;

bis-{dimethylarsenic}-oxide (503-80-0) → Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5)

Conditions	Yield
Oxydiert sich an der Luft;
With air
With water; mercury(II) oxide
With water; oxygen

allyldimethylarsine (691-35-0) → Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5) + allyl-dimethyl-arsine oxide

Conditions	Yield
With diethyl ether

sodium dimethylarsenide (13787-40-1) → Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5)

Conditions	Yield
With oxygen In tetrahydrofuran

3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (609-99-4) + cacodylic acid anion (15132-04-4) → Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5) + 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid anion (52040-82-1)

Conditions	Yield
at 25℃; Rate constant;

methylarsonic Acid (124-58-3) + S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (14031-35-7, 17176-17-9, 29908-03-0, 75044-81-4, 78548-84-2, 79647-17-9, 91279-78-6) → Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5)

Conditions	Yield
With GLUTATHIONE; DL-dithiothreitol; magnesium chloride; monomethylarsonic acid methyltransferase from rabbit liver In various solvent(s) at 37℃; for 1.5h; Methylation; Enzymatic reaction;

S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (14031-35-7, 17176-17-9, 29908-03-0, 75044-81-4, 78548-84-2, 79647-17-9, 91279-78-6) → Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5) + methylarsonic Acid (124-58-3)

Conditions	Yield
With trisodium arsenite; GLUTATHIONE; magnesium chloride; arsenite methyltransferase from rabbit liver In various solvent(s) at 37℃; for 1h; Methylation; Enzymatic reaction;

'Cadet's liquid'(cacodyl oxide mainly) → Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5)

Conditions	Yield
With sodium hypochlorite; water; oxygen Reagens 4: Aceton;
With iron(III) oxide; water
With sulfuric acid Electrolysis.an Platinelektroden;

tetramethyldiarsine (471-35-2) + sulfuric acid (7664-93-9) → Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5)

bis-{dimethylarsenic}-oxide (503-80-0) + dihydrogen peroxide (7722-84-1) + acid → Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5)

Dimethylchloroarsine (557-89-1) + ammonium persulfate → Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5)

bis-{dimethylarsenic}-oxide (503-80-0) + water (7732-18-5) + dihydrogen peroxide (7722-84-1) + mercury oxide → Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5)

trichloro-dimethyl-arsorane (558-31-6) + water (7732-18-5) → hydrogenchloride (7647-01-0) + Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5)

tetramethyldiarsine (471-35-2) + air → bis-{dimethylarsenic}-oxide (503-80-0) + Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5)

dimethylarsine (593-57-7) + oxide of/the/ nitrogen → tetramethyldiarsine (471-35-2) + bis-{dimethylarsenic}-oxide (503-80-0) + Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5)

trimethylarsine (593-88-4) + air → trimethylarsine oxide (4964-14-1) + Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5)

dimethylarsine (593-57-7) + liquid sulfur dioxide → methyl-arsenic sulfide (2533-82-6) + trimethylarsine sulphide (26386-93-6) + dimethylarsino dimethyldithioarsinate (59840-68-5) + Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5)

diethyl ether (60-29-7) + allyldimethylarsine (691-35-0) + air → Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5) + allyl-dimethyl-arsine oxide

dimethylarsine (593-57-7) + sulfuric acid (7664-93-9) → cacodyl sulfide (591-10-6) + Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5) + dimethyl-arsine; sulfate

bis-{dimethylarsenic}-oxide (503-80-0) + dihydrogen peroxide (7722-84-1) + alkali → trimethylarsine (593-88-4) + methylarsine oxide (593-58-8) + Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5) + arsenous acid

Conditions	Yield
Produkt 5: Trimethylarsinoxyd; Produkt 6: Methylarsinsaeure;

bis-{dimethylarsenic}-oxide (503-80-0) + water (7732-18-5) + oxygen + alkali → trimethylarsine (593-88-4) + methylarsine oxide (593-58-8) + Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5) + arsenous acid

Conditions	Yield
Produkt 5: Trimethylarsinoxyd; Produkt 6: Methylarsinsaeure;

Dimethylchloroarsine (557-89-1) + water (7732-18-5) + 4,4'-azoxy anisole (1562-94-3, 21650-70-4, 51437-65-1) → hydrogenchloride (7647-01-0) + Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5) + mercury

Conditions	Yield
das erhaltene Produkt beim Kochen mit Wasser;

Dimethylchloroarsine (557-89-1) + water (7732-18-5) + mercury (II)-chloride → hydrogenchloride (7647-01-0) + Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5) + 4,4'-azoxy anisole (1562-94-3, 21650-70-4, 51437-65-1) + mercury

Conditions	Yield
das erhaltene Produkt zerfaellt beim Kochen mit Wasser;

dimethylarsinous acid (55094-22-9) → Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5)

Conditions	Yield
With oxygen In water-d2 at 24.3℃; pH=3.2; Kinetics; Further Variations:; pH-values;

dimethylarsine (593-57-7) + Nitrogen dioxide (10102-44-0) → cacodyloxide (418758-51-7) + Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5)

Conditions	Yield
byproducts: cacodyl; inflamation;
byproducts: cacodyl; inflamation;

methylcobalamin + arsenic(III) trioxide → monomethylarsinic acid + Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5)

Conditions	Yield
With GLUTATHIONE; selenious acid In water at 37℃; for 360h; pH=3; Product distribution / selectivity; Tris-HCl buffer solution;

monomethylarsinic acid + methylcobalamin → Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5)

Conditions	Yield
With GLUTATHIONE In water at 37℃; for 7h; pH=7.6; Product distribution / selectivity; Tris-HCl buffer solution;

bismuth (III) nitrate pentahydrate + Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5) → bis(dimethylarsinato)bismuth nitrate monohydrate

Conditions	Yield
In acetone at 20℃; for 3h;	100%
In acetone at 20℃; for 3h;	96%

Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5) + antimony(III) chloride (10025-91-9) → tris(dimethylarsinato)antimony

Conditions	Yield
In acetone at 20℃; for 5h;	99%

Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5) + palladium diacetate (3375-31-3) → bis(dimethylarsinato)palladium(II)

Conditions	Yield
In acetone Pd acetate added to suspn. of cacodylic acid in acetone; stirred vigoroously for 48 h; centrifuged, washed with acetone; crude product extd. with CH2Cl2 by centrifugation; extract combined, evapd., dried in vacuo; elem. anal.;	98%

aluminum (III) chloride (7446-70-0, 7784-13-6) + Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5) → tris(dimethylphosphinato)aluminum

Conditions	Yield
In acetone at 20℃; for 24h;	97%

iron(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate acetonitrile disolvate + Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5) + sodium tetraphenyl borate (143-66-8) + N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis((1-ethylbenzimidazol-2-yl)methyl)-2-hydroxy-1,3-diaminopropane (79724-80-4) → [Fe2(N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-benzimidazolylmethyl)-2-hydroxy-1,3-diaminopropane(-1H))(μ-O2AsMe2)](BPh4)(OTf) (1178891-43-4)

Conditions	Yield
With (C2H5)3N In methanol HOCH(CH2N(CH2C7H4N2C2H5)2)2 dissolved in MeOH along with (C2H5)3N, (CH3)2AsO2H added, Fe salt added, NaB(C6H5)4 added after 5 min; filtered, dried (vac.), recrystd. (MeCN and Et2O); elem. anal.;	93%

gallium(III) trichloride + Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5) → tris(dimethylarsinato)gallium

Conditions	Yield
In methanol; diethyl ether at 20℃; for 2h;	91%

indium(III) chloride + Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5) → tris(dimethylphosphinato)indium

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: indium(III) chloride; Dimethylarsinic acid In acetone at 20℃; for 1h; Stage #2: With triethylamine In acetone at 20℃; for 48h;	89%

Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5) → methylarsenic dibromide (676-70-0)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen bromide In water at 130℃; for 5h;	84%

bismuth(III) chloride + Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5) → tris(dimethylarsinato)bismuth

Conditions	Yield
In acetone at 20℃; for 5h;	80%

Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5) + bismuth(III) chloride (7787-60-2) → tris(dimethylarsinato)bismuth

Conditions	Yield
In acetone at 20℃; for 5h;	80%

Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5) → dimethyliodoarsine (676-75-5)

Conditions	Yield
With sulfuric acid; sulfur dioxide; potassium iodide In water for 3h;	76%
With sulfuric acid; sulfur dioxide; potassium iodide
With hydrogenchloride; sulfur dioxide; potassium iodide
Multistep reaction;
With sulfuric acid; sulfur dioxide; potassium iodide In water

Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5) + 18C2H3O2(1-)*8H2O*2H(1+)*Mn12O12(16+) → 6C2H6AsO2(1-)*Mn4O4(6+)

Conditions	Yield
In acetonitrile	75%

Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5) + zirconium(IV) tert-butoxide → Zr3(μ,μ'-O2AsMe2)2(μ2,μ'-O2AsMe2)(O-t-Bu)7(μ-O-t-Bu)2 (606948-98-5)

Conditions	Yield
In toluene under N2 atm. to Zr(O-t-Bu)4 in toluene was added cacodilic acid and heated with stirring at 70°C for 24 h; react. mixt. was cooled, solvent was removed in vac., residue was dissolved in hexane, filtered, and kept at -10°C; elem. anal.;	69%

Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5) + di(n-butyl)tin oxide (818-08-6) → Bu2Sn(O2AsMe2)2 C12H30As2O4Sn, orthorhombic

Conditions	Yield
In methanol Bu2SnO, HO2AsMe2 mixed in MeOH; refluxed for 3 h; filtered off; set aside at ambient temp. in open flask; filtered off after 1 d; set aside in refrigerator in closed flask; filtered off after 3 d; recrystd. from MeOH; elem. anal.;	64%

Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5) + dichlorodiethylstannane (866-55-7) → (CH3CH2)2ClSnO2As(CH3)2

Conditions	Yield
In methanol byproducts: HCl; 2 equiv. of As-compd. in MeOH was added to MeOH soln. of Sn-compd., keeping for 2 weeks at room temp.; soln. was concd. by partial evapn. of MeOH at room temp., crystals were filtered off, washed with small amt. of MeOH, dried in vac., elem. anal.;	42%

Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5) + dimethyltin dichloride (753-73-1) → (CH3)2ClSnO2As(CH3)2

Conditions	Yield
In methanol byproducts: HCl; 2 equiv. of As-compd. in MeOH was added to MeOH soln. of Sn-compd., keeping for 2 months at room temp.; soln. was concd. by partial evapn. of MeOH at room temp., crystals were filtered off, washed with small amt. of MeOH, dried in vac., elem. anal.;	33%

Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5) + 6C5H9O2(1-)*3H2O*Cl(1-)*Fe3O(7+) + acetonitrile (75-05-8) → 8C5H9O2(1-)*3H2O*3Cl(1-)*15C2H3N*[(17O2As(CH3)2)(Fe12O4)](11+)

Conditions	Yield
at 20℃;	31%

Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5) → Dimethylchloroarsine (557-89-1)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride; tin(ll) chloride In water at 5 - 20℃; Cooling with ice; Inert atmosphere;	26%
With hydrogenchloride; sodium hypophosphite
With hydrogenchloride; tin(ll) chloride

methanol (67-56-1) + Iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate + 8-quinolinol (148-24-3) + Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5) → NO3(1-)*2C9H6NO(1-)*4CH4O*[(6O2As(CH3)2)(AsHO2(CH3)2)(Fe3)](3+)

Conditions	Yield
With triethylamine for 3h;	26%

strontium perchlorate monohydrate + Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5) + [Mn12O12(O2CPh)16(H2O)4] → 16Mn(3+)*4Sr(2+)*16C7H5O2(1-)*24C2H6AsO2(1-)*8O(2-)

Conditions	Yield
In methanol; acetonitrile for 0.333333h;	7%

calcium(II) nitrate tetrahydrate + Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5) + [Mn12O12(O2CPh)16(H2O)4] → 16Mn(3+)*4Ca(2+)*16C7H5O2(1-)*24C2H6AsO2(1-)*8O(2-)

Conditions	Yield
In methanol; acetonitrile for 0.333333h;	5%

Thioglycolamide (758-08-7) + Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5) → dimethylarsinomercapto-acetic acid amide (133401-89-5) + NSC 28727 (64057-55-2)

Conditions	Yield
With water

Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5) + l-cysteine hydrochloride (52-89-1) → cysteinyldimethylthioarsenite (91919-78-7)

Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5) → trichloro-dimethyl-arsorane (558-31-6)

Conditions	Yield
With diethyl ether; phosphorus pentachloride

Dimethylarsinic acid (75-60-5) → cacodyl sulfide (591-10-6)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen sulfide; water

Upstream product

• 593-88-4 trimethylarsine 
• 471-35-2 tetramethyldiarsine 
• 503-80-0 bis-{dimethylarsenic}-oxide 
• 691-35-0 allyldimethylarsine 
• 13787-40-1 sodium dimethylarsenide 
• 609-99-4 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid 
• 15132-04-4 cacodylic acid anion 
• 124-58-3 methylarsonic Acid 
• 14031-35-7 S-Adenosyl-L-methionine 
• 7664-93-9 sulfuric acid 
• 7722-84-1 dihydrogen peroxide 
• 557-89-1 Dimethylchloroarsine 
• 7732-18-5 water 
• 558-31-6 trichloro-dimethyl-arsorane 

Downstream Products

• 133401-89-5 dimethylarsinomercapto-acetic acid amide 
• 64057-55-2 NSC 28727 
• 91919-78-7 cysteinyldimethylthioarsenite 
• 558-31-6 trichloro-dimethyl-arsorane 
• 812-00-0 methylphosphate 
• 593-58-8 methylarsine oxide 
• 593-57-7 dimethylarsine 
• 471-35-2 tetramethyldiarsine 
• 593-88-4 trimethylarsine 
• 676-71-1 dimethyl(bromo)arsine 
• 676-75-5 dimethyliodoarsine 
• 124-58-3 methylarsonic Acid 
• 5968-84-3 dimethyl-arsinic acid ; iron (III)-compound 
• 27318-74-7 sodium dimethyldithioarsinate 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

The rate of oxidation of dimethylarsinous acid to dimethylarsinic acid is pH dependent: Implications for the analysis and toxicology of arsenic metabolites in urine

A 1H NMR spectroscopic study has shown the rate oxidation of dimethylarsinous acid to dimethylarsinic acid in buffered aqueous solutions to depend upon pH. Dimethylarsinous acid has been reported to be a highly toxic arsenical metabolite and component of the urine of persons exposed to inorganic arsenic, particularly through drinking water. As the pH of human urine can range from 4.5 to 8, the pH dependence of the oxidation rate of dimethylarsinous acid to dimethylarsinic acid has profound implications for the detection and analysis of these compounds in urine samples, and for the relevance of the experimental toxicology of dimethylarsinous acid.

Methylated Phenylarsenical Metabolites Discovered in Chicken Liver

We report the discovery of three toxicologically relevant methylated phenylarsenical metabolites in the liver of chickens fed 3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid (ROX), a feed additive in poultry production that is still in use in several countries. Methyl-3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid (methyl-ROX), methyl-3-amino-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid (methyl-3-AHPAA), and methyl-3-acetamido-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid (or methyl-N-acetyl-ROX, methyl-N-AHPAA) were identified in such chicken livers, and the concentration of methyl-ROX was as high as 90 μg kg?1, even after a five-day clearance period. The formation of these newly discovered methylated metabolites from reactions involving trivalent phenylarsonous acid substrates, S-adenosylmethionine, and the arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase enzyme As3MT suggests that these compounds are formed by addition of a methyl group to a trivalent phenylarsenical substrate in an enzymatic process. The IC50 values of the trivalent phenylarsenical compounds were 300–30 000 times lower than those of the pentavalent phenylarsenicals.

COMPOSITION FOR ALKYLATION, AND METHOD FOR DETOXIFICATION OF TOXIC COMPOUND USING THE COMPOSITION

It is an object of the present invention to provide a beneficial composition in order to detoxify the harmful compound containing arsenic etc. effectively and systematically and a method for detoxifying a harmful compound by using the composition. The composition for the alkylation according to the present invention is characterized in that the composition contains a cobalt complex. The method of detoxifying the harmful compound according to the present invention is characterized in that a harmful compound containing at least one element selected from the groups comprising arsenic, antimony and selenium is detoxified by the alkylation of the harmful compound, in the presence of the composition according to the present invention.

Enzymatic methylation of arsenic compounds: Assay, partial purification, and properties of arsenite methyltransferase and monomethylarsonic acid methyltransferase of rabbit liver

A rapid, accurate, in vitro assay utilizing radioactive S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) has been developed for the methylation of arsenite and monomethylarsonate (MMA) by rabbit liver methyltransferases. The assay has been validated by separating, identifying, and measuring the products of the reaction using chloroform extraction, ion exchange chromatography, TLC, or HPLC. The enzymes involved in this pathway, arsenite methyltransferase and MMA methyltransferase, have been purified approximately 2000-fold from rabbit liver. After gel electrophoresis, a single band is obtained with both enzyme activities in it. The pH optima for purified arsenite methyltransferase and monomethylarsonic acid methyltransferase are 8.2 and 8.0, respectively. A thiol, S-adenosylmethionine, and arsenite are required for the partially purified arsenite methyltransferase that catalyzes the synthesis of monomethylarsonate. A different enzyme activity that catalyzes the methylation of monomethylarsonate to dimethylarsinate also requires SAM and a thiol. Even though arsenite methyltransferase and monomethylarsonate methyltransferase have different substrates, pH optima, and saturation concentrations for their substrates, whether the two activities are present on one protein molecule or different protein molecules is still uncertain. Both activities have a molecular mass of 60 kDa as determined by gel exclusion chromatography. There is no evidence at the present time for these enzyme activities being on different protein molecules. Neither arsenate, selenate, selenite, or selenide are methylated by the purified enzyme preparations. Results from the use of crude extracts, often called cytosol, to study the properties of these methyltransferases dealing with arsenic species should be viewed with caution since such crude extracts contain inhibiting and other interfering activities.

The Influence of Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding on Proton-Transfer Reactions. A Temperature-Jump Study of Acid-Base Reactions Involving Substituted Salicylic Acids

The temperature-jump relaxation technique has been used to study the kinetics of proton transfer between salicylic acid derivatives (3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid, DNSA, and thiosalicylic acid, TSA) and a second donor/acceptor system (ammonia or cacodylic acid).Depending on the system, the investigations have been carried out between pH 6.0 and 9.0.The concentration dependencies of the observed relaxation time demonstrate that not only the direct proton-transfer process but also the hydrolytic or protolytic pathway, respectively, contribute to the overall reaction under the given conditions.The rate constants for proton transfer from the monoprotonated salicylate anions to the acceptors NH3, cacodylate-, and OH- are far below the diffusion-controlled values, even if these reactions are thermodinamically favored.This decrease in reactivity indicates that the proton to be transferred is engaged in an internal H bond in the mononegative salicylate anions.The strength of the internal H bond is much lower in TSA than in DNSA.

1,2,3-Thiadiazole-3-in-5-ylidene-urea derivatives, process for making the same and compositions containing the same having growth regulating activity for plants

1,2,3-Thiadiazole-3-in-5-ylidene-urea derivative of the formula STR1 in which R1 is hydrogen or alkyl which may be substituted in one or several places by oxygen or sulfur and wherein R2 and R3 have the meaning as given in the attached specification and wherein X is oxygen or sulfur. The compounds have properties suited for controlling the natural growth and natural development of plants and in addition have a superior defoliating property without accompanying unpleasant odors.

1,2,3-Thiadiazole-2-id derivatives, process for making the same and composition containing the same having a growth regulating activity for plants

1,2,3-Thiadiazole-2-id-derivative of the formula STR1 in which R1 is hydrogen or alkyl which may be substituted in one or several places by oxygen or sulfur and wherein R1 has the meaning as given in the attached specification and wherein X is oxygen or sulfur and B is a univalent metal atom. The compounds have properties suited for controlling the natural growth and natural development of plants and in addition have a superior defoliating property.

Cyanobenzeneacetonitriles

Certain substituted cyanobenzeneacetonitriles, and their halobenzyl halide intemediates are effective preemergence and postemergence herbicides, which control undesired vegetation without injury to crops.