PMG Wierzchowice to największy działający obecnie w Polsce magazyn gazu ziemnego wysokometanowego. Został utworzony w wyeksploatowanym złożu gazu zaazotowanego, a jego pojemność czynna wynosi 575 mln m[n^3]. W 2007 roku PGNiG S.A. rozpoczęło prace związane z rozbudową PMG Wierzchowice do 1,2 mld...
1,2-Dichloroetan (1,2-DCE) jest bezbarwną cieczą stosowaną m.in. do syntezy: chlorku winylidenu, 1,1,1-trichloroetanu, trichloroetylenu, rozpuszczalników chlorowanych, a także ekstrakcji tłuszczów i olejów oraz jako zmywacz, rozpuszczalnik m.in. żywic, asfaltu i kauczuku. Ponadto 1,2-dichloro...
Zespół działań modernizacyjnych, prowadzących do poprawy sprawności istniejącego silnika spalinowego, nazywany tuningiem, wymaga analizy zmian termodynamicznych procesu spalania oraz oceny trwałości silnika. W niniejszym artykule omówiono różne formy tuningu, zwracając szczególną uwagę na u...
We report the results of periodic DFT calculations on quasi-2D chains of PBTT. Geometry optimizations used GGA and hybrid functionals. Several polymer space groups were explored, P 2122 yielding the lowest unit cell energy. The band gap varies from 1.15 to 2.39eV vs. exp 2.0eV. The B3LYP and B3P...
Naphthodithiophene is a thiophene fused naphthalene with a rigid and planar structure with extended π-conjugation system and due its electron rich nature it has been recently employed in donor-acceptor type conducting polymers. In this study, alkoxy functionalized naphthodithiophene bearing two...
Two D–A conjugated polymers (named PBDTC 6 DBT and PBDTC 10 DBT) with benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b′]dithiophene (BDT) as donor and 4,7-dithiophen-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (DBT) as acceptor, were designed and synthesized. PBDTC 6 DBT and PBDTC 10 DBT have hexyl and decyl as s...
Two molecules denoted as VC96 and VC97 have been synthesized for efficient (η=6.13% @ 100mW/cm2 sun-simulated light) small molecule solution processed organic solar cells. These molecules have been designed with the D1-A-D2-A-D1 structure bearing different central donor unit, same benzothiadiaz...
Two new donor–acceptor (D-A) alternative copolymers, poly{4-(5-(4,8-bis(dodecyloxy)-6-methylbenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b’]-dithiophen-2-yl) -4–dodecylthiophen-2-yl)-2-dodecyl-7-(4-dodecyl-5-methylthiophen-2-yl)-2H-benzo[d] [1–3] triazole} (P1) and poly{4-(5-(4,8-bis(dodecyloxy)-6-methylbenzo -[1,2-b:4,...
A new reaction of α-haloketones with hydroquinones leading to highly fluorescent star-shaped 2,3,6,7-tetrasubstituted benzodifurans is described. Thus 2,3,6,7-tetrakis(4-bromophenyl)-4,8-didecylbenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]difuran, the core of benzodifuran stars, was obtained from 1,2-bis(4-bromophenyl)...
We designed and synthesized a small molecule acenaphtho[1,2-b]quinoxaline diimide derivative AQI-T2 as an electron-accepting material for non-fullerene organic solar cells. This molecule exhibits a relatively broad absorption band from 300 to 650 nm, with a moderately low-lying lowest unoccupied...
Dialkoxy substituted acenaphtho [1,2-b]quinoxaline (AQx) is demonstrated to be a promising electronic acceptor subunit for constructing high performance donor-acceptor (D–A) photovoltaic copolymers. Using it as acceptor and benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]-dithiophene (BDT) or thiophene (T) as donor units,...
The corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1M H2SO4 using acenaphtho[1,2-b]quinoxaline and acenaphtho[1,2-b]pyrazine at 303–333K have been investigated. The study was performed using weight loss method, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Polarization ...
A novel and efficient approach for the straightforward synthesis of biologically significant acenaphtho[1,2-b]quinoline derivatives in good yields utilizing CuI as a catalyst with a broad array of substrates has been developed. The strategy features as a CuI-catalyzed cascade reaction involving ...
Whilefresh human hepatocyte cultures are widely used to model hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) regulation and activity, their CYP1A subfamily composition induced by, e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is ambiguous. CYP1A1, CYP1A2, or both have been reported to be expressed, and their varied rol...
Diels–Alder reaction of symmetrical/unsymmetrical benzo[c]furans with acenaphthylene in xylenes at reflux temperatures followed by p‐toluenesulfonic acid‐mediated epoxide cleavage and dehydration furnished diaryl/heteroaryl‐substituted benzo[k]fluoranthenes. This strategy could be successful...
The Cd exposure for 14 days significantly increased both the molecular (DNA single-strand breaks) and biochemical (metallothionein concentrations) biomarkers in the freshwater pale chub, Zacco platypus, whereas changes in the histological and physiological biomarker responses were negligible. Th...
Particle-water interactions are one of the most important mechanisms controlling the distribution and movement of hydrophobic organic chemicals such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aquatic environments (e.g. estuaries and oceans). To accurately predict the transport and fates of hy...
The presence of nonnative species in Lake Tahoe (CA/NV), USA has been an ongoing concern for many decades, and the management of these species calls for an understanding of their ability to cope with the Lake's stressors and for an understanding of their potential to out-compete and reduce the p...
Today there are more than 80,000 chemicals in commerce and the environment. The potential human health risks are unknown for the vast majority of these chemicals as they lack human health risk assessments, toxicity reference values, and risk screening values. We aim to use computational toxicolo...
The study was conducted to investigate the effect of marinating on the generation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[b]fluoranthene and fluoranthene) in grilled beef meat. Seven marinade treatments containing 1) basic marinade, which include sugar, water, onion, turmeric,...