764-13-6Relevant articles and documents
SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR SYNTHESIS OF PHENOLICS AND KETONES
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Paragraph 0080-0088, (2018/11/21)
Embodiments herein relate to apparatus and systems for phenolic and ketone synthesis and methods regarding the same. In an embodiment, a method of producing phenolics and ketones is included. The method can specifically include forming a reaction mixture comprising nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) and water. The method can also include contacting the reaction mixture with a metal oxide catalyst at a temperature of 350 degrees Celsius or higher and a pressure of at least about 3200 psi to form a reaction product mixture. The reaction product mixture can include at least about 20 wt. % phenolics and at least about 10 wt. % ketones as a percentage of the total mass of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC). Other embodiments are also included herein.
2,2,5,5-Tetramethyltetrahydrofuran (TMTHF): A non-polar, non-peroxide forming ether replacement for hazardous hydrocarbon solvents
Byrne, Fergal,Forier, Bart,Bossaert, Greet,Hoebers, Charly,Farmer, Thomas J.,Clark, James H.,Hunt, Andrew J.
supporting information, p. 3671 - 3678 (2017/08/15)
An inherently non-peroxide forming ether solvent, 2,2,5,5-tetramethyltetrahydrofuran (2,2,5,5-tetramethyloxolane), has been synthesized from readily available and potentially renewable feedstocks, and its solvation properties have been tested. Unlike traditional ethers, its absence of a proton at the alpha-position to the oxygen of the ether eliminates the potential to form hazardous peroxides. Additionally, this unusual structure leads to lower basicity compared with many traditional ethers, due to the concealment of the ethereal oxygen by four bulky methyl groups at the alpha-position. As such, this molecule exhibits similar solvent properties to common hydrocarbon solvents, particularly toluene. Its solvent properties have been proved by testing its performance in Fischer esterification, amidation and Grignard reactions. TMTHF's differences from traditional ethers is further demonstrated by its ability to produce high molecular weight radical-initiated polymers for use as pressure-sensitive adhesives.
Oxidative coupling reactions of grignard reagents with nitrous oxide
Kiefer, Gregor,Jeanbourquin, Loic,Severin, Kay
supporting information, p. 6302 - 6305 (2013/07/19)
Catalysis with laughing gas: N2O in combination with transition-metal catalysts allow the oxidative homo- and cross-coupling of Grignard reagents. The reactions can be performed under mild conditions despite the inert character of N2O. Copyright
VARIATIONS ON PRINS-LIKE CHEMISTRY TO PRODUCE 2,5-DIMETHYLHEXADIENE FROM ISOBUTANOL
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Page/Page column 6, (2012/11/07)
The method of the present invention provides a high yield pathway to 2,5-dimethylhexadiene from renewable isobutanol, which enables economic production of renewable p-xylene (and subsequently, terephthalic acid, a key monomer in the production of PET) from isobutanol. In addition, the present invention provides methods for producing 2,5-dimethylhexadiene from a variety of feed stocks that can act as “equivalents” of isobutylene and/or isobutyraldehyde including isobutanol, isobutylene oxide, and isobutyl ethers and acetals. Catalysts employed in the present methods that produce 2,5-dimethylhexadiene can also catalyze alcohol dehydration, alcohol oxidation, epoxide rearrangement, and ether and acetal cleavage.
METHOD OF RAPID METHYLATION OF ALKENE COMPOUND AND KIT FOR PET TRACER PREPARATION USING THE SAME
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Page/Page column 5; 6, (2008/12/07)
To provide a method of rapid methylation of alkenes, which is applicable to the preparation of a PET tracer and which enables alkenes to be methylated through cross coupling between SP2 (alkenyl) and SP3 (alkyl) carbon atoms rapidly and in a high yield. Methyl iodide and an alkenyltrialkylstannane are subjected to cross coupling in an aprotic polar solvent in the presence of a palladium complex having a valence of 0, a phosphine ligand, a cuprous halide, and a carbonate and/or alkali metal fluoride.
Rapid methylation on carbon frameworks useful for the synthesis of 11CH3-incorporated PET tracers: Pd(0)-mediated rapid coupling of methyl iodide with an alkenyltributylstannane leading to a 1-methylalkene
Hosoya, Takamitsu,Sumi, Kengo,Doi, Hisashi,Wakao, Masahiro,Suzuki, Masaaki
, p. 410 - 415 (2007/10/03)
The Pd(0)-mediated rapid coupling of methyl iodide with an excess of alkenyltributylstannane was examined with the aim of incorporating a short-lived 11C-labeled methyl group into a biologically significant organic compound with a 1-methylalkene unit for the synthesis of a PET tracer. Four sets of reaction conditions (A-D) were used, all performed in DMF at 60 °C for 5 min. Condition B, using CH3I/stannane/Pd2(dba) 3/P(o-tolyl)3/CuCl/K2CO3 (1: 40: 0.5: 4-6: 2: 5), works well in almost all cases. Condition D, using CH 3I/stannane/Pd2(dba)3/P(o-tolyl) 3/CuX (X = Br, Cl, or I)/CsF (1: 40: 0.5-5: 2-20: 2-20: 5-50), shows the best results with regard to general applicability to tin substrates, affording the corresponding methylated product in >90% yield based on consumption of methyl iodide. P(t-Bu)2Me was less effective than P(o-tolyl)3, particularly for α,β-unsaturated carbonyl substrates. No regio- or stereoisomerization occurred under these reaction conditions. The efficiency of the protocol was demonstrated by synthesis of an 11C-methylated compound. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2006.
Efficient palladium-catalyzed nucleophilic addition of triorganoindium reagents to carbocyclic derivatives
Baker, Lucas,Minehan, Thomas
, p. 3957 - 3960 (2007/10/03)
Palladium (0)-catalyzed allylic substitution reactions employing triorganoindium reagents have been investigated. In situ generated vinyl- and arylindiums react with substituted and unsubstituted cyclohex-2-enyl esters in the presence of 1-3 mol % Pd2(dba)3 to produce vinyl- or arylcyclohexenes in moderate to excellent yields. The stereoselectivity of this process was also examined, and evidence is presented that the reaction proceeds with inversion of stereochemical configuration.
Asymmetric copper complex and cyclopropanation reaction using the same
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, (2008/06/13)
There are disclosed asymmetric copper complex comprising, as components, (a) an optically active bisoxazoline compound of formula (1): wherein R1 and R2 are different and each represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or a phenyl or aralkyl group which may be substituted, R3 and R4 each represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or a phenyl or aralkyl group which may be substituted, or R3 and R4 may be bonded to each other to form a C3-5 cyclic alkylene group, R5 represents a hydrogen atom or a C1-6 alkyl group, or the two R5 groups may be bonded to each other to represent a C3-5 cyclic alkylene group, (b) a monovalent or divalent copper compound, and (c) a strong acid or a Lewis acid or a mixture thereof, and a process for producing an optically active cyclopropanecarboxylate using the same.
Polylithiumorganic compounds. Part 27: C,C-bond forming reactions of 3,4-dilithio-2,5-dimethyl-2,4-hexadiene
Maercker, Adalbert,Van De Flierdt, Joachim,Girreser, Ulrich
, p. 3373 - 3383 (2007/10/03)
The reaction of the title compound 3,4-dilithio-2,5-dimethyl-2,4- hexadiene (4) with various mono- and bifunctional carbon-centered electrophiles is investigated, with special emphasis on carbonyl and carbonic acid derivatives. Depending on the nature of the electrophile, mono- and disubstituted derivatives with either butadiene, allene, or alkyne skeleton are obtained. Ring forming reactions in the second derivatization step are only observed in a few cases. Electrophiles bearing halogens as leaving groups react by a different mechanism and are not suitable in C,C-bond forming reactions. The compounds obtained in this investigation are suitable and highly reactive building blocks for further modifications. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.
