99-91-2

Basic information

• Product Name: 4'-Chloroacetophenone
• Synonyms: 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-ethanon;1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethanone[qr];4’-chloro-acetophenon;4-acetylchlorobenzene;4-chloroacetophenone[qr];4-chlorophenylmethylketone;Acetophenone, 4'-chloro-;acetophenone,4-chloro-[qr]
• CAS NO: 99-91-2
• Molecular Formula: C₈H₇ClO
• Molecular Weight: 154.59
• EINECS: 202-800-7
• Product Categories: Chlorobenzene Series;Acetophenone Series;FINE Chemical & INTERMEDIATES;Aromatic Acetophenones & Derivatives (substituted);Organics;C7 to C8;Carbonyl Compounds;Ketones
• Mol File: 99-91-2.mol
• Article Data: 673

Chemical Properties

• Melting Point: 74-76 °C(lit.)
• Boiling Point: 232 °C(lit.)
• Flash Point: 194 °F
• Appearance: Clear colorless to yellow/Liquid After Melting
• Density: 1.192 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
• Vapor Pressure: 8 mm Hg ( 90 °C)
• Refractive Index: n20/D 1.554(lit.)
• Storage Temp.: Store below +30°C.
• Solubility: 111mg/l (slow decomposition)
• Water Solubility: 111 mg/L (25 ºC)
• Merck: 14,2116
• BRN: 386014
• CAS DataBase Reference: 4'-Chloroacetophenone(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: 4'-Chloroacetophenone(99-91-2)
• EPA Substance Registry System: 4'-Chloroacetophenone(99-91-2)

Safety Data

• Hazard Codes: T+,Xn
• Statements: 22-26-37/38-41-36/37/38-36/37
• Safety Statements: 26-28-36/37/39-45-28A-36
• RIDADR: UN 3416 6.1/PG 2
• WGK Germany: 3
• RTECS: KM5600000
• TSCA: Yes
• HazardClass: 6.1
• PackingGroup: II
• Hazardous Substances Data: 99-91-2(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Uses

Used in Law Enforcement:
4'-Chloroacetophenone is used as a tear gas for riot control, serving as an effective means to manage and disperse crowds during civil unrest or protests. Its ability to cause intense irritation to the eyes, respiratory tract, and skin makes it a potent agent for controlling large groups of people.
Used in Personal Defense:
In addition to its role in riot control, 4'-Chloroacetophenone is also utilized as a component of chemical mace or pepper spray. It is employed for self-defense purposes against small groups or individuals, providing a non-lethal means of protection. When used in this context, 4'-Chloroacetophenone can incapacitate an aggressor temporarily, allowing the user to escape or seek assistance.

Synthesis Reference(s)

The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 44, p. 2568, 1979 DOI: 10.1021/jo01328a051Tetrahedron Letters, 42, p. 265, 2001 DOI: 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)01935-3Synthetic Communications, 25, p. 2261, 1995 DOI: 10.1080/00397919508011781

Safety Profile

Poison by intraperitoneal route. Moderately toxic by ingestion. A powerful irritant and lachrymator. Human systemic effects by inhalation: lachrymation and unspecified effects on the eye and sense of smell. Combustible when exposed to heat or flame. To fight fire, use water, foam, alcohol foam, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition or on contact with water or steam it emits toxic fumes of Cl-

Upstream product

• 1073-67-2 4-vinylbenzyl chloride 
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• 99187-99-2 2-(4-chlorophenyl)butane-2,3-diol 
• 546-67-8 lead(IV) tetraacetate 
• 64-19-7 acetic acid 
• 75-36-5 acetyl chloride 
• 108-90-7 chlorobenzene 
• 562-90-3 tetraacetoxysilane 
• 17333-85-6 4-chlorophenyldiazonium salt 
• 591-86-6 acetaldehyde semicarbazone 
• 106-39-8 bromochlorobenzene 
• 201230-82-2 carbon monoxide 
• 10359-10-1 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-1,3-dithiane 
• 7575-74-8 p-chloroacetophenone semicarbazone 

Downstream Products

• 42945-85-7 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(morpholin-4-yl)-ethanethione 
• 28561-06-0 1-(4-chloro-phenyl)-1-pyridin-4-yl-ethanol 
• 197512-40-6 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethan-1-ol 
• 105688-33-3 1-[2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethyl]-pyridinium iodide 
• 14385-65-0 (2E)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2-furyl)prop-2-en-1-one 
• 69538-64-3 (E)-3-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one 
• 5466-31-9 2-(4-chlorophenyl)quinoline-4-carboxylic acid 
• 23241-13-6 3-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-oxoethyl)-3-hydroxyindolin-2-one 
• 6302-55-2 1-(4'-chlorophenyl)-1,3-butanedione 
• 19672-63-0 (2E)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(4-methylphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one 
• 21399-27-9 2,4,6-tris(4-chlorophenyl)pyridine 
• 20725-25-1 1,3-bis(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one 
• 85460-65-7 (E)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one 
• 39959-84-7 [1-(4-chloro-phenyl)-ethyl]-methyl-amine; hydrochloride 

Relevant articles and documents

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Selective Activation of Unstrained C(O)-C Bond in Ketone Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling Reaction Enabled by Hydride-Transfer Strategy

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Stepwise benzylic oxygenation via uranyl-photocatalysis

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An Artificial Light-Harvesting System with Tunable Fluorescence Color in Aqueous Sodium Dodecyl Sulfonate Micellar Systems for Photochemical Catalysis

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