77-93-0 Usage
Description
Triethyl citrate is the triester of citric acid and ethyl alcohol.
Triethyl citrate is used as a flavoring agent in foods, as a high boiling solvent and plasticizer for vinyl resins and cellulose acetates, as a plasticizer in the pharmaceutical industry for coating. Triethyl citrate is used as a natural active ingredient and flavor component with excellent deodorizing and skin care properties in cosmetic and personal care products. Triethyl citrate is also used as a plasticizer and humectant for cigarette filters. Furthermore, triethyl citrate is used s a food additive for stabilizing foams, specifically as a whipping enhancer for organic egg whites during processing.
References
[1] RH Dave (2016) Overview of pharmaceutical excipients used in tablets and capsules, Drug Topics (online). Advanstar.
[2] http://www.who.int/en/
[3] http://www.in-cosmetics.com
[4] http://www.chemicalland21.com
[5] https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/Triethyl%20Citrate%20report%202014.pdf
Chemical Properties
Different sources of media describe the Chemical Properties of 77-93-0 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Triethyl citrate is odorless, but has a bitter taste.
2. Colorless, mobile liquid; bitter taste. Solubility
in water 6.5 g/100 cc; solubility in oil 0.8 g/100 cc.
Combustible.
3. Triethyl citrate is a clear, viscous, odorless, and practically colorless,
hygroscopic liquid.
Occurrence
Reported found in Morello cherry, sour cherry and red currant. Also reported found in raw cabbage and white
wine.
Uses
Different sources of media describe the Uses of 77-93-0 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Triethyl Citrate, is a colorless, odorless liquid used as a food additive to stabilize foams, especially as whipping aid for egg white. It is also used in pharmaceutical coatings and plastics. This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs).
2. Triethyl Citrate is a sequestrant that is an oily liquid, slightly solu-
ble in water. it is found in lemon drinks.
Production Methods
Triethyl citrate is prepared by the esterification of citric acid and
ethanol in the presence of a catalyst.
Preparation
By esterification of ethyl alcohol with citric acid.
General Description
Triethyl citrate is a safe direct food additive.
Pharmaceutical Applications
Triethyl citrate and the related esters acetyltriethyl citrate, tributyl
citrate, and acetyltributyl citrate are used to plasticize polymers in
formulated pharmaceutical coatings. The coating applications
include capsules, tablets, beads, and granules for taste masking,
immediate release, sustained-release, and enteric formulations.
Triethyl citrate is also used as a direct food additive for flavoring,
for solvency, and as a surface active agent.
Safety Profile
Moderately toxic by
intraperitoneal route. Mildly toxic by
ingestion and inhalation. Combustible liquid
when exposed to heat or flame. To fight
fire, use dry chemical, CO2. When heated to
decomposition it emits acrid smoke and
irritating fumes. See also ESTERS and
CITRIC ACID.
Safety
Triethyl citrate is used in oral pharmaceutical formulations and as a
direct food additive. It is generally regarded as a nontoxic and
nonirritant material. However, ingestion of large quantities may be
harmful.
LD50 (mouse, IP): 1.75 g/kg
LD50 (rat, IP): 4 g/kg
LD50 (rat, oral): 5.9 g/kg
LD50 (rat, SC): 6.6 g/kg
storage
Triethyl citrate should be stored in a closed container in a cool, dry
location. When stored in accordance with these conditions, triethyl
citrate is a stable product.
Incompatibilities
Triethyl citrate is incompatible with strong alkalis and oxidizing
materials.
Regulatory Status
GRAS listed. Accepted for use as a food additive in Europe.
Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (oral capsules and tablets). Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Nonmedicinal
Ingredients.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 77-93-0 includes 5 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 2 digits, 7 and 7 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 9 and 3 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 77-93:
(4*7)+(3*7)+(2*9)+(1*3)=70
70 % 10 = 0
So 77-93-0 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C12H20O7/c1-4-17-9(13)7-12(16,11(15)19-6-3)8-10(14)18-5-2/h16H,4-8H2,1-3H3
77-93-0Relevant articles and documents
Citrate plasticizer
-
Paragraph 0066-0068, (2021/05/15)
The invention discloses a citrate plasticizer and a preparation method thereof, and the preparation method of citrate comprises the following steps: firstly, citric acid and alcohol react to prepare citric acid triester, and then dianhydride acylation is carried out to prepare carboxyl-containing citric acid triester. After chlorination, the carboxyl-containing citric acid triester and the tris(2-ethoxyl) isocyanurate are subjected to esterification reaction to prepare triester citrate containing the isocyanurate. According to the present invention, the preparation method has characteristics of simple operation, wide raw material source and mild reaction condition, and meets the industrial production, the prepared triester citrate containing isocyanurate has a good plasticizing effect and excellent thermal stability, low-temperature flexibility, solvent extraction resistance, migration resistance and flame retardance, and can be widely applied to plastic rubber plasticizers.
METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF METHYLSUCCINIC ACID AND THE ANHYDRIDE THEREOF FROM CITRIC ACID
-
Page/Page column 16, (2018/04/21)
A process for the preparation of methylsuccinic acid in any form, including its salts, its mono- and diester derivatives and the anhydride thereof, which comprises reacting citric acid or a derivative thereof in decarboxylation conditions, said process comprising (i) reacting citric acid or mono- and diester derivatives thereof in a non- aqueous solvent, specifically excluding alcohols, on a metallic catalyst at a temperature between 50 to 400°C and under a partial hydrogen pressure from 0.1 to 50 bar or (ii) reacting citric acid or any salt thereof or mono-, di- and triester derivatives thereof on a metallic catalyst in solvents comprising at least 5% water, at a temperature of from 50 to 400°C under a hydrogen partial pressure from 0.1 to 400 bar
Method for preparing triethyl citrate through mesoporous silica-supported N,N-dicyclohexyl carbodiimide
-
Paragraph 0022, (2016/10/17)
The invention discloses a method for preparing triethyl citrate through mesoporous silica-supported N,N-dicyclohexyl carbodiimide. The method comprises the specific step that citric acid and absolute ethyl alcohol are subjected to an esterification reaction to synthesize triethyl citrate through the mesoporous silica-supported N,N-dicyclohexyl carbodiimide. Mesoporous silica is adopted for supporting an esterification reaction condensing agent, no obvious corrosivity exists, the esterification reaction efficiency and yield are improved, the purity is good, the reaction period is greatly shortened, the aftertreatment technology is simplified, the esterification reaction condition is mild, the technology is simple, and the method is suitable for industrial production.