Photochemistry and Photobiology 13
Accessed on 24 April 2012.
tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl), with hydroxyl radical. J. Pharm.
Sci. 92, 275–280.
29. Brezova
´
, V., P. Billik, Z. Vreckova
´
and G. Plesch (2010) Photo-
49. Nakamura, K., K. Ishiyama, H. Ikai, T. Kanno, K. Sasaki, Y.
Niwano and M. Kohno (2011) Reevaluation of analytical methods
for photogenerated singlet oxygen. J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr. 49, 87–
95.
induced formation of reactive oxygen species in suspensions of
titania mechanochemically synthesized from TiCl4. J. Mol. Catal.
A: Chem. 327, 101–109.
30. Poupko, R. and I. Rosenthal (1973) Electron transfer interactions
between superoxide ion and organic compounds. J. Phys. Chem.
77, 1722–1724.
50. Zalibera, M., P. Rapta, A. Stasko, L. Brindzova and V. Brezova
ˇ ´ ´
•)
(2009) Thermal generation of stable SO4 spin trap adducts with
super-hyperfine structure in their EPR spectra: An alternative
EPR spin trapping assay for radical scavenging capacity deter-
mination in dimethylsulphoxide. Free Radic. Res. 43, 457–469.
51. Dodd, N. and A. Jha (2011) Photoexcitation of aqueous suspen-
sions of titanium dioxide nanoparticles: An electron spin reso-
nance spin trapping study of potentially oxidative reactions.
Photochem. Photobiol. 87, 632–640.
52. Bilski, P., K. Reszka, M. Bilska and C. Chignell (1996) Oxi-
dation of the spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide by
singlet oxygen in aqueous solution. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118,
1330–1338.
53. Diaz-Uribe, C., M. Daza, F. Martinez, E. Paez-Mozo, C.
Guedes and E. Di Mauro (2010) Visible light superoxide radical
anion generation by tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin ⁄ TiO2:
EPR characterization. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 215,
172–178.
31. Li, A., K. Cummings, H. Roethling, G. Buettner and C. Chignell
(1988)
A spin-trapping database implemented on the IBM
le.chm.bris.ac.uk/cgi-bin/stdb. Accessed on 24 April 2012.
32. Cervera, M. and J. Marquet (1998) Effects of superoxide anion
generated from aromatic radical anions produced in nucleo-
philic aromatic photosubstitution reactions. Can. J. Chem. 76,
966–969.
33. Gibian, M. J., D. T. Sawyer, T. Ungermann, R. Tangpoon-
pholvivat and M. M. Morrison (1979) Reactivity of superoxide
ion with carbonyl compounds in aprotic solvents. J. Am. Chem.
Soc. 101, 640–644.
34. Corey, E., M. Mehrotra and A. Khan (1987) Water induced dis-
mutation of superoxide anion generates singlet molecular-oxygen.
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 145, 842–846.
35. Sawyer, D. T. and J. S. Valentine (1981) How super is superoxide?
Acc. Chem. Res. 14, 393–400.
54. Ijeri, V., K. Daasbjerg, P. Ogilby and L. Poulsen (2008) Spatial
and temporal electrochemical control of singlet oxygen production
and decay in photosensitized experiments. Langmuir 24, 1070–
1079.
36. Wilkinson, F., W. Helman and A. Ross (1995) Rate constants for
the decay and reactions of the lowest electronically excited singlet-
state of molecular-oxygen in solution—An expanded and revised
compilation. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 24, 663–1021.
37. Martinez, C., S. Jockusch, M. Ruzzi, E. Sartori, A. Moscatelli, N.
Turro and A. Buchachenko (2005) Chemically induced dynamic
electron polarization generated through the interaction between
singlet molecular oxygen and nitroxide radicals. J. Phys. Chem. A 109,
10216–10221.
38. Vidoczy, T. and P. Baranyai (2001) Quenching of porphyrin triplet
and singlet oxygen by stable nitroxide radicals: Importance of
steric hindrance. Helv. Chim. Acta 84, 2640–2652.
39. Glebska, J., L. Pulaski, K. Gwozdzinski and J. Skolimowski
(2001) Structure-activity relationship studies of protective function
of nitroxides in Fenton system. Biometals 14, 159–170.
40. Halliwel, B. and J. Gutteridge (1999) Free Radicals in Biology and
Medicine, 3rd edn. Oxford University Press, New York, NY,
Oxford.
41. Brauer, H., B. Eilers and A. Lange (2002) Formation of singlet
molecular oxygen by the Radziszewski reaction between acetoni-
trile and hydrogen peroxide in the absence and presence of ke-
tones. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, 1288–1295.
42. Gugumus, F. (1993) Current trends in mode of action of hindered
amine light stabilizers. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 40, 167–215.
43. Schwetlick, K. and W. D. Habicher (2002) Antioxidant action
mechanisms of hindered amine stabilisers. Polym. Degrad. Stab.
78, 35–40.
ˇ
55. Nizova, G., Y. Kozlov and G. Shulpin (2004) Effect of acetonitrile
on the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by vanadium
ions and conjugated oxidation of alkanes. Russ. Chem. Bull. 53,
2330–2333.
56. Abellan, M., R. Dillert, J. Gimenez and D. Bahnemann (2009)
Evaluation of two types of TiO2-based catalysts by photodegra-
dation of DMSO in aqueous suspension. J. Photochem. Photobiol.
A: Chem. 202, 164–171.
57. Mitroka, S., S. Zimmeck, D. Troya and J. Tanko (2010) How
solvent modulates hydroxyl radical reactivity in hydrogen atom
abstractions. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132, 2907–2913.
58. Cheng, Z., H. Zhou, J. Yin and L. Yu (2007) Electron spin res-
onance estimation of hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity for
lipophilic antioxidants. J. Agric. Food Chem. 55, 3325–3333.
59. Herscu-Kluska, R., A. Masarwa, M. Saphier, H. Cohen and D.
Meyerstein (2008) Mechanism of the reaction of radicals with
peroxides and dimethyl sulfoxide in aqueous solution. Chem. Eur.
J. 14, 5880–5889.
60. Dikalov, S. and R. Mason (2001) Spin trapping of polyunsatu-
rated fatty acid-derived peroxyl radicals: Reassignment to alkoxyl
radical adducts. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 30, 187–197.
´ ´
61. Dvoranova, D., V. Brezova, M. Mazu´ r and M. Malati (2002)
Investigations of metal-doped titanium dioxide photocatalysts.
Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 37, 91–105.
62. Nosaka, Y., S. Komori, K. Yawata, T. Hirakawa and A. Nosaka
(2003) Photocatalytic •OH radical formation in TiO2 aqueous
suspension studied by several detection methods. Phys. Chem.
Chem. Phys. 5, 4731–4735.
44. Brede, O. (1997) Time-resolved study of the antioxidant action of
sterically hindered amines in alkane systems. Radiat Phys Chem
49, 39–42.
45. Brede, O., D. Beckert, C. Windolph and H. A. Gottinger (1998)
One-electron oxidation of sterically hindered amines to nitroxyl
radicals: Intermediate amine radical cations, aminyl, a-amin-
oalkyl, and aminylperoxyl radicals. J. Phys. Chem. A 102, 1457–
1464.
46. Brede, O. and H. A. Gottinger (1998) Transformation of sterically
hindered amines (HALS) to nitroxyl radicals: What are the actual
stabilizers? Angew. Makromol. Chem. 261-262, 45–54.
47. MacManus-Spencer, L. and K. McNeill (2005) Quantification of
singlet oxygen production in the reaction of superoxide with
hydrogen peroxide using a selective chemiluminescent probe.
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 8954–8955.
63. Schwarz, P., N. Turro, S. Bossmann, A. Braun, A. Wahab and H.
Durr (1997) A new method to determine the generation of hy-
droxyl radicals in illuminated TiO2 suspensions. J. Phys. Chem. B
101, 7127–7134.
64. Hirakawa, T., C. Koga, N. Negishi, K. Takeuchi and S. Matsuzawa
(2009) An approach to elucidating photocatalytic reaction
mechanisms by monitoring dissolved oxygen: Effect of H2O2 on
photocatalysis. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 87, 46–55.
65. Lambert, C., H. Black and T. Truscott (1996) Reactivity of
butylated hydroxytoluene. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 21, 395–400.
66. Szabo-Bardos, E., K. Somogyi, N. Toro, G. Kiss and A. Horvath
(2011) Photocatalytic decomposition of L-phenylalanine over
TiO2: Identification of intermediates and the mechanism of pho-
todegradation. Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 101, 471–478.
48. Saito, K., K. Takeshita, J. Ueda and T. Ozawa (2003) Two
reaction sites of a spin label, TEMPOL (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-