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Kojic acid

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Name

Kojic acid

EINECS 207-922-4
CAS No. 501-30-4 Density 1.542 g/cm3
PSA 70.67000 LogP -0.16230
Solubility Soluble in water Melting Point 152-155 °C
Formula C6H6O4 Boiling Point 401.7 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Weight 142.111 Flash Point 179.9 °C
Transport Information N/A Appearance Tan powder
Safety 22-24/25-36/37-36 Risk Codes 40-68
Molecular Structure Molecular Structure of 501-30-4 (Kojic acid) Hazard Symbols HarmfulXn
Synonyms

Kojic acid(whitening agent in cosmetic);3-O-Ethyl ascorbic acid;5-Hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-4H-4-pyranone;4H-Pyran-4-one,5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-;5-Hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-4-pyrone;5-Hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-pyrone;5-18-02-00516 (Beilstein Handbook Reference);5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyran-4-one;5-Hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one;2-(Hydroxymethyl)-5-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-one;4H-Pyran-4-one, 5-hydroxy-2- (hydroxymethyl)-;

Article Data 18

Kojic acid Synthetic route

26209-93-8

5-acetoxy-2-acetoxymethyl-4H-pyran-4-one

501-30-4

5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium methylate In methanol for 1h;95%
With methanol; ammonia
7559-81-1

chlorokojic acid

67-64-1

acetone

A

644-46-2

allomaltol

B

501-30-4

5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one

C

16065-34-2

iodokojic acid

D

3019-04-3

iodoacetone

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium iodide at 45℃; for 24h; Substitution;A n/a
B n/a
C 78%
D n/a

5-((4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)oxy)-2-(((4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)oxy)methyl)-4H-pyran-4-one

501-30-4

5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With silica gel In methanol at 60℃; for 3h; Inert atmosphere;70%

2-keto-D-glucose

501-30-4

5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: 2-keto-D-glucose With sodium acetate; acetic anhydride In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 23h;
Stage #2: With sodium methylate In methanol for 1h;
20%
58-86-6

D-xylose

501-30-4

5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With Aspergillus oryzae Bei der Vergaerung;
50-70-4

D-sorbitol

501-30-4

5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
durch Aspergillus oryzae;
608-66-2

D-galactitol

501-30-4

5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
bei der Einw.von Aspergillus oryzae;
5328-37-0

L-arabinose

501-30-4

5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With Aspergillus oryzae Bei der Vergaerung;
56-81-5

glycerol

501-30-4

5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With aspergillus glaucus Bei der Vergaerung;
bei der Einw.von Aspergillus glaucus;

Kojic acid Chemical Properties

Molecular Formula: C6H6O4
Molecular Weight: 142.11
EINECS: 207-922-4 
Index of Refraction: 1.606
Density: 1.542 g/cm3
Flash Point: 179.9 °C
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 75.44 kJ/mol
Boiling Point: 401.7 °C at 760 mmHg
Vapour Pressure: 4.01E-08 mmHg at 25 °C
Melting point: 152-155 °C
Water solubility: Soluble
Appearance: Tan powder
Structure of Kojic acid (CAS NO.501-30-4):
          
IUPAC Name: 5-Hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyran-4-one
Product Category of Kojic acid (CAS NO.501-30-4): Heterocycles;Plant Oils, Toxins, Phenolic Acids & Derivatives

Kojic acid Uses

 Kojic acid (CAS NO.501-30-4) can be used in food and cosmetics to preserve or change colors of substances. On cut fruits it is used to prevent oxidative browning, in seafood to preserve pink and red colors, and in cosmetics to lighten skin.  

Kojic acid Toxicity Data With Reference

1.    

mmo-sat 1 mg/plate

    MUREAV    Mutation Research. 67 (1979),367.
2.    

mma-sat 4 mg/plate

    JTSCDR    Journal of Toxicological Sciences. 7 (1982),255.
3.    

ivn-rat LDLo:1000 mg/kg

    85ERAY    Antibiotics: Origin, Nature, and Properties. 3 (1978),1755.
4.    

orl-mus LDLo:4 g/kg

    NATUAS    Nature. 155 (1945),302.
5.    

ipr-mus LD50:250 mg/kg

    85GDA2    CRC Handbook of Antibiotic Compounds, Volumes 1-9. 5 (1981),393.
6.    

scu-mus LDLo:1500 mg/kg

    NATUAS    Nature. 155 (1945),302.
7.    

ivn-mus LDLo:1500 mg/kg

    NATUAS    Nature. 155 (1945),302.
8.    

ivn-dog LDLo:1000 mg/kg

    85ERAY    Antibiotics: Origin, Nature, and Properties. 3 (1978),1755.
9.    

ivn-rbt LDLo:1000 mg/kg

    85ERAY    Antibiotics: Origin, Nature, and Properties. 3 (1978),1755.


 

Kojic acid Consensus Reports

EPA Genetic Toxicology Program.

Kojic acid Safety Profile

Poison by intraperitoneal route. Moderately toxic by ingestion, intravenous, and subcutaneous routes. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes.
Hazard Codes: HarmfulXn
Risk Statements: 
R40:Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect
R68 :Possible risk of irreversible effects
Safety Statements:
S22:Do not breathe dust
S24/25:Avoid contact with skin and eyes
S36/37:Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves
S36 :Wear suitable protective clothing
WGK Germany: 3

Kojic acid Specification

 Kojic acid , its cas register number is 501-30-4. It also can be called 5-Hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one ; and 5-Hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-4-pyrone . It is a mild inhibitor of the formation of pigment in plant and animal tissues. It is hazardous, so the first aid measures and others should be known. Such as: When on the skin: first, should flush skin with plenty of water immediately for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing. Secondly, get medical aid. Or in the eyes: Flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Then get medical aid soon. While, it's inhaled: Remove from exposure and move to fresh air immediately. Then you have the ingesting of the product: Wash mouth out with water, and get medical aid immediately. Notes to physician: Treat supportively and symptomatically.
In addition, Kojic acid (CAS NO.501-30-4) is not compatible with strong oxidizing agents, and you must not take it with incompatible materials. And also prevent it to broken down into hazardous decomposition products: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide.

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