Iodine

Base Information

• Chemical Name: Iodine
• CAS No.: 12190-71-5
• Molecular Formula: I₂
• Molecular Weight: 253.809
• Hs Code.: 2801200000
• Mol file: 12190-71-5.mol

Synonyms:Iodine diatomic mononegative ion(1-);Iodine ion (I21-);Iodine molecular ion(1-);Iodine radical anion;Iodine radical anion(1-);Mol.iodine anion(1-);Molecular iodine anion (I21-);Molecular iodine anion(1-);Molecular iodine ion(1-);Iodine anion(1-);Molecular iodine radical anion;Molecular iodine(1-);Diat.iodine ion(1-);Diiodide;Diiodide (I21-);Diiodide anion (I2-);Diiodideion(1-);Diiodine anion (I2-);Iodide ion (I21-);Iodine anion radical(1-);

Chemical Property of Iodine

Chemical Property:

• Vapor Pressure: 0.49mmHg at 25°C
• Melting Point: 114℃
• Refractive Index: 1.788
• Boiling Point: 184.35 °C at 760 mmHg
• PSA: 0.00000
• Density: 3.835 g/cm³
• LogP: 1.77140
• Water Solubility.: 0.3 g/L (20℃)

Purity/Quality:

99% , ^*data from raw suppliers

Iodine purified by sublimation EMPROVE? ESSENTIAL Ph Eur,BP,USP ^*data from reagent suppliers

Safty Information:

• Pictogram(s): R20/21:; R50:
• Hazard Codes: Xn:Harmful;;
• Statements: R20/21:; R50:
• Safety Statements: S23:; S25:; S61:

MSDS Files:

SDS file from LookChem

Useful:

• Description: Iodine,I, is a nonmetallic element with an orthorhombic crystal structure, a violet to black color. This poisonous element sublimes readily and is easily purified in this manner. It is insoluble in water,but is soluble in common solvents such as alcohol, ether,and carbon tetrachloride. Iodine is used as a germicide, an antiseptic, in dyes,tinctures, and pharmaceuticals. It is also used in the production of vanadium metal in the McKechnie-Seybolt process, which is the reduction of vanadium pentoxide in the presence of iodine. Iodine is used in a similar manner in the production of high-purity zirconium. For many years, iodine tincture(3% to 7% dissolved in ethyl alcohol) has been an important antiseptic. The commercial tinctures also usually contain 5% potassium iodide to provide stability. This form produces a mild burning of the skin and stains both skin and fabrics. A milder preparation is available in which about 2% iodine is contained in an oil-water emulsion which also contains lecithin. Iodine, (I), is a nonmetallic element of family seven, the halogens. It is heavy, grayish-black in color, has a characteristic odor, and is readily sublimed to a violet vapor. It has a vapor density of 4.98, which is heavier than air. It melts at 236°F (113.5°C), has a boiling point of 363°F (184°C), and is insoluble in water. Iodine is toxic by ingestion and inhalation, and is a strong irritant to eyes and skin. The TLV ceiling is 0.1 ppm in air. Iodine is used for antiseptics, germicides, x-ray contrast material, food and feed additives, water treatment, and medicinal soaps. The four-digit UN identification number for iodine is only for the compounds iodine monochloride and iodine pentafluoride, and they are 1792 and 2495, respectively. The DOT lists iodine monochloride as a Class 8 corrosive, and iodine pentafluoride carries an oxidizer and poison label. Iodine does not have an NFPA 704 designation.
• Physical properties: Iodine in its pure state is a black solid that sublimates (changes from a solid to a gas withoutgoing through a liquid state) at room temperature. It produces a deep purple vapor that is irritatingto the eyes, nose, and throat. Iodine tends to form nonmetallic diatomic molecules (I2).It is the heaviest of the naturally occurring halogens. (Although astatine, the fifth element ingroup 17, is heavier than iodine, it is a synthetic element and does not occur in nature exceptas a very small trace.) Iodine is the least reactive of the five halogens.Iodine’s melting point is 113.7°C, its boiling point is 184.4°C, and its density is 4.93g/cm3.
• Uses: Dyes (aniline dyes, phthalein dyes), alkylation and condensation catalyst, iodides, iodates, antiseptics and germicides, X-ray contrast media, food and feed additive, stabilizers, photographic film, water treatment, pharmaceuticals, medicinal soaps, unsat Iodine is a halogen element extracted from chilean nitrate-bearing earth or from seaweed. it functions by its presence in the thyroid hormones. iodine deficiency is associated with goiter. sources are potassium and cuprous iodide and potassium and calcium iodate, of which the iodate form is preferred because of better stability. it is used as a food supplement. One of the most important uses of iodine is in the treatment of hypothyroidism, a conditionin which the thyroid gland is deficient in iodine. Iodine deficiency may lead to the formationof a goiter, wherein the gland that surrounds the windpipe in the neck becomes enlarged.There are other causes of goiter, including cancer of the thyroid gland. A deficiency of iodinecan also cause cretinism (infant hypothyroidism) in newborn babies, which can result inmental retardation unless the subject takes thyroid hormones for a lifetime. Green leafy foods,among other foods, contain iodine that when taken into the human body ends up in thethyroid gland. Some food grown in iodine-deficient soils do not contain adequate iodine forour diets. This is why iodine was added to table salt (about 0.01% potassium iodide) decadesago, specifically for people who live in regions with iodine-poor soils. The area around theGreat Lakes in the United States is one region with soil that is deficient in iodine. A healthydiet requires 90 to 150 micrograms of iodine each day that, in addition to being available iniodized salt, can be obtained from eating a balanced diet, including seafood.The isotope iodine-131 is an artificial radioisotope of iodine used as a tracer in biomedicalresearch and as a treatment for thyroid disease. I-131 has a half-life of about eight days, whichmeans it will be eliminated from the body in several weeks.In industry, iodine is used for dyes, antiseptics, germicides, X-ray contrast medium, foodand feed additives, pharmaceuticals, medical soaps, and photographic film emulsions and as alaboratory catalyst to either speed up or slow down chemical reactions.Iodine is also used as a test for starch. When placed on starch (a potato for example), iodineturns the starch a dark blue color. Silver iodide is used in the manufacture of photographicfilm and paper. It is also used to “seed” clouds because of its ability to form a large numberof crystals that act as nuclei upon which moisture in the clouds condenses, forming raindropsthat may result in rain.

Technology Process of Iodine

There total 377 articles about Iodine which guide to synthetic route it. The literature collected by LookChem mainly comes from the sharing of users and the free literature resources found by Internet computing technology. We keep the original model of the professional version of literature to make it easier and faster for users to retrieve and use. At the same time, we analyze and calculate the most feasible synthesis route with the highest yield for your reference as below:

synthetic route:

Reference yield: 100.0%

hydrogen iodide (10034-85-2) → hydrogen (1333-74-0) + iodine (7553-56-2,12190-71-5,8031-47-8)

Guidance literature:

Irradiation (UV/VIS); in glass vessel or uviol vessel, wavelenght higher than 2540?;; Kinetics;

Reference yield:

1-Chloro-4-iodobenzene (637-87-6) + nitric acid (7697-37-2,78989-43-2) → iodine (7553-56-2,12190-71-5,8031-47-8) + 4-chlorobenzonitrile (100-00-5)

Guidance literature:

Reference yield:

sulfuric acid (7664-93-9) + 4-Iodo-N,N-dimethylaniline (698-70-4) → 4-iodo-N,N-dimethyl-2-nitro-aniline + iodine (7553-56-2,12190-71-5,8031-47-8) + N,N-Dimethyl-4-nitroaniline (100-23-2)

Guidance literature:

upstream raw materials:

iodobenzene

bis(2-thiophenecarbonyl) peroxide

oxalic acid

iodic acid

Downstream raw materials:

2-iodo-5-methylthiophene

(E)-1,2-diiodoethene

1-iodo-2-phenylethyne

benzoyl iodide

Refernces

• 1、 Tideswell,McCullough. "". . p. 1031,1032. Retrieved 1957.
• 2、 Simmons, J. P.,Pickett, C. F.. "". . p. 701 - 703. Retrieved 1927.
• 3、 Harris, A. L.,Berg, M.,Harris, C. B.. "Studies of chemical reactivity in the condensed phase. I. The dynamics of iodine photodissociation and recombination on a picosecond time scale and comparison to theories for chemical reactions in solution". . p. 788 - 806. Retrieved 1986.
• 4、 Fan, Y. B.,Randall, K. L.,Donaldson, D. J.. "Photochemistry of alkyl halide dimers". . p. 4700 - 4706. Retrieved 1993.
• 5、 Appelman, E. H.,Malm, J. G.. "". . p. 2141 - 2148. Retrieved 1964.
• 6、 Oosawa, Yoshinao. "The Decomposition of Hydrogen Iodide and Separation of the Products by the Combination of an Adsorbent with Catalytic Activity and a Temperature-swing Method". . p. 2908 - 2912. Retrieved 1981.
• 7、 Cao, Zhenbo,Yue, Yinchao,Yao, Jiyong,Lin, Zheshuai,He, Ran,Hu, Zhanggui. "Bi2(IO4)(IO3)3: A new potential infrared nonlinear optical material containing [IO4]3- anion". . p. 12818 - 12822. Retrieved 2011.
• 8、 Badocco, Denis,Romanini, Francesca,Di Marco, Valerio,Mondin, Andrea,Pastore, Paolo. "Formation of volatile iodine compounds under hot concentrated acid conditions (nitric acid or aqua regia) and in diluted acid solutions with or without thiocyanate". . p. 25 - 28. Retrieved 2017.
• 9、 Schwarzer,Schroeder,Schroeder. "Quantum yields for the photodissociation of iodine in compressed liquids and supercritical fluids". . p. 183 - 195. Retrieved 2001.
• 10、 Williamson, S. M.,Koch, C. W.. "". . p. 1046 - 1046. Retrieved 1963.