41847-01-2

Upstream product

• 67-56-1 methanol 
• 57-50-1 Sucrose 
• 106-44-5 p-cresol 
• 64-17-5 ethanol 
• 150-76-5 4-methoxy-phenol 
• 100-51-6 benzyl alcohol 
• 75-65-0 tert-butyl alcohol 
• 71-36-3 butan-1-ol 
• 108-95-2 phenol 
• 59432-60-9 1-fructofuranosylnystose 
• 13133-07-8 nystose 
• 2280-44-6 D-Glucose 
• 50-99-7 D-glucose 
• 9004-34-6 cellulose 

Downstream Products

• 1623-88-7 5-chloromethylfurfural 
• 67-47-0 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfuraldehyde 
• 123-76-2 levulinic acid 
• 39131-44-7 5-bromomethyl-furan-2-carbaldehyde 
• 50-99-7 D-glucose 
• 56-83-7 D-fructose-6-phosphate 
• 28564-83-2 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one 
• 19872-46-9 2,3-Dihydro-3,4-dihydroxy-5-acetylfuran 
• 3765-95-5 methyl β-fructopyranoside 
• 13403-14-0 methyl β-D-fructofuranoside 
• 13403-14-0 methyl α-D-fructofuranoside 
• 3867-85-4 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-α,β-D-fructofuranose 
• 512-66-3 β-D-fructofuranosyl-α-D-xylopyranoside 
• 57-50-1 sucrose 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Two-step biosynthesis of D-allulose via a multienzyme cascade for the bioconversion of fruit juices

D-Allulose, a low-calorie rare sugar with potential as sucrose substitute for diabetics, can be produced using D-allulose 3-epimerase (DAE). Here, we characterized a putative thermostable DAE from Pirellula sp. SH-Sr6A (PsDAE), with a half-life of 6 h at 60 °C. Bioconversion of 500 g/L D-fructose using immobilized PsDAE on epoxy support yielded 152.7 g/L D-allulose, which maintained 80% of the initial activity after 11 reuse cycles. A multienzyme cascade system was developed to convert sucrose to D-allulose comprising sucrose invertase, D-glucose isomerase and PsDAE. Fruit juices were treated using this system to convert the high-calorie sugars, such as sucrose, D-glucose, and D-fructose, into D-allulose. The content of D-allulose among total monosaccharides in the treated fruit juice remained between 16 and 19% during 15 reaction cycles. This study provides an efficient strategy for the development of functional fruit juices containing D-allulose for diabetics and other special consumer categories.

Hydrogenation of crude and purified d-glucosone generated by enzymatic oxidation of d-glucose

D-Fructose is an important starting material for producing furfurals and other industrially important chemicals. While the base-catalyzed and enzymatic conversion of d-glucose to d-fructose is well known, the employed methods typically provide limited conversion. d-Glucosone can be obtained from d-glucose by enzymatic oxidation at the C2 position and, subsequently, selectively hydrogenated at C1 to form d-fructose. This work describes an investigation on the hydrogenation of d-glucosone, using both chromatographically purified and crude material obtained directly from the enzymatic oxidation, subjected to filtration and lyophilization only. High selectivities towards d-fructose were observed for both starting materials over a Ru/C catalyst. Hydrogenation of the crude d-glucosone was, however, inhibited by the impurities resulting from the enzymatic oxidation process. Catalyst deactivation was observed in the case of both starting materials.

Tunable acidity in mesoporous carbons for hydrolysis reactions

A mesoporous carbon (CMC) has been treated under acidic conditions (32.5 wt% HNO3 at 10 °C or 40 °C) to prepare two new carbon samples (HCMC10 and HCMC40), which developed higher acidity in terms of quantity of sites and surface acid strength. The properties of the three carbons have been studied by using various techniques (N2 adsorption/desorption, TEM, XRPD, Raman spectroscopy, 13C NMR, 2D 1H-13C NMR, and XPS). Aromatic -COOH and -OH groups were identified as the main surface acid sites. Acid site density has been determined by pulse liquid-solid phase adsorption experiments carried out in different liquids. The samples retained acidity features in water, due to hydrophobicity of the surfaces, while acidity dropped when measured in methanol. From NH3-TPD analysis, a ranking of acid strength could be obtained: HCMC40 > HCMC10 > CMC. The good acidity of the carbon samples allowed them to act as catalysts in the hydrolysis reaction of sucrose to glucose and fructose. The catalytic activity of the carbon samples was compared to that of Amberlite, a commercial sulfated acid resin; the observed kinetic constant of HCMC40 was similar to that of Amberlite.

One-pot sol-gel synthesis of a phosphated TiO2 catalyst for conversion of monosaccharide, disaccharides, and polysaccharides to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

Catalytic conversion of biomass or biomass-derived carbohydrates into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is an important reaction for the synthesis of bio-based polymers, fuels, and other industrially useful products. In this study, phosphated titania (P-TiO2) catalysts with different phosphoric acid content were prepared through a simple one-pot sol-gel method and characterized by BET, XRD, FT-IR, NH3-TPD, py-FT-IR, and XPS techniques. The catalyst characterization results revealed the incorporation of phosphorus into the TiO2 framework in the form of a Ti-O-P bond. The P-TiO2 catalysts were applied to the conversion of glucose (≥10 wt%) into HMF in a biphasic water/THF reaction medium at 175 °C. Under optimized reaction conditions, 98% glucose conversion and 53% HMF yield were obtained over a 15P-TiO2 catalyst, and the catalyst was reused for several cycles with consistent activity and selectivity. The presence of both Br?nsted and Lewis acid sites, high BET surface area and pore volume, and high acidity could account for the high catalytic activity and selectivity. Besides, the 15P-TiO2 catalyst was also demonstrated to be active for the conversion of disaccharides (sucrose and cellobiose), polysaccharides (starch and microcrystalline cellulose) and industrial grade sugar syrups into HMF with reasonable yield.

Tin Grafted on Modified Alumina-Catalyzed Isomerisation of Glucose to Fructose

The present study focuses on designing a catalyst based on hot water treated alumina (Al2O3-HWT) for the conversion of glucose to fructose. The glucose isomerisation reactions are performed with tin incorporated on parent Al2O3 and Al2O3-HWT in methanol. 0.5 wt% Sn/Al2O3-HWT affords a combined yield of fructose and methylfructoside (30.4%) which is two-fold higher than that obtained with 0.5wt% Sn/Al2O3 (15.1%), implying the importance of hot water treatment of Al2O3. Al2O3-HWT shows a very broad peak centred around 3440 cm-1, which could be assigned to OH stretching band of gibbsite, γ-Al(OH)3 which significantly diminished after solid state ion-exchange with SnCl4.5H2O (0.5 wt% Sn/Al2O3-HWT). UV-Vis diffused reflectance spectrum of 0.5 wt% Sn/Al2O3-HWT displays a peak centered at 241 nm, which can be ascribed to the incorporation of tin into the alumina network. XRD patterns of 0.5, 3 and 5 wt% Sn/Al2O3-HWT show that no peak corresponding to SnO2 is formed. Importantly, 0.5wt% SnO2/Al2O3-HWT exhibits a low activity, giving 13.2% of the total yield of fructose and methylfructoside, respectively, compared to 0.5wt% Sn/Al2O3-HWT (30.4% fructose), signifying the role of incorporated tin into the alumina network.

FeVO4 decorated –SO3H functionalized polyaniline for direct conversion of sucrose to 2,5-diformylfuran & 5-ethoxymethylfurfural and selective oxidation reaction

In this study, a multi-functional catalyst, FeVO4 supported –SO3H functionalized polyaniline is prepared. First FeVO4 supported polyaniline is prepared. Then the resultant material is sulfonated using chlorosulphonic acid to obtain FeVO4 supported –SO3H functionalized polyaniline. This multi-functional catalyst exhibits excellent activity in the synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from sucrose and oxidation of a wide range of aromatic and aliphatic alcohols. Further, the catalyst exhibits very good activity in the one-pot direct conversion of sucrose/fructose to 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF) and 5-ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF). This catalytic process involves the economical sucrose as a reactant and economical multi-functional catalyst based on polyaniline. In this one-pot, two-step process, -SO3H functionalized polyaniline is used in the first step for the conversion of sucrose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) followed by selective oxidation of HMF to DFF using FeVO4 sites present in the multi-functional catalyst. Moreover, acidic sites present in the multi-functional catalyst are suitable for the conversion of sucrose/fructose/HMF to EMF. Furthermore, molecular oxygen (1 atmosphere, 10 ml/min) is used as an eco-friendly and economical oxidant for the selective oxidation of a wide range of aromatic and aliphatic alcohols to aldehydes. The multi-functional catalyst presented here has been easily separated and recycled that make the process sustainable and economical for commercial perspectives.

Effect of Tetrahydrofuran on the Solubilization and Depolymerization of Cellulose in a Biphasic System

The dissolution of cellulose from biomass is a crucial but complicated issue for maximizing the utilization of biomass resources to produce valuable chemicals, because of the extreme insolubility of cellulose. A biphasic NaCl–H2O–tetrahydrofuran (THF) system was studied, in which most of the pure microcrystalline cellulose (M-cellulose, 96.6 % conversion at 220 °C) and that contained in actual biomass were converted. Nearly half of the O6?H???O3 intermolecular hydrogen bonds could be broken by THF in the H2O–THF co-solvent system, whereas the cleavage of O2?H???O6 intramolecular hydrogen bonds by H2O was significantly inhibited. In the NaCl–H2O–THF system, THF could significantly promote the effects of both H2O and NaCl on the disruption of O2?H???O6 and O3?H???O5 intramolecular hydrogen bonds, respectively. In addition, THF could protect and transfer the cellulose-derived products to the organic phase by forming hydrogen bonds between the oxygen atom in THF and the hydrogen atom of C4?OH in the glucose or aldehyde group in 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), which can lead more NaCl to combine with the -OH of M-cellulose and further disrupt hydrogen bonding in M-cellulose, thereby improving the yield of small molecular weight products (especially HMF) and further promoting the dissolution of cellulose. As a cheap and reusable system, NaCl–H2O–THF system may be a promising approach for the dissolution and further conversion of cellulose in lignocellulosic biomass without any enzymes, ionic liquids, or conventional catalysts.

Phenolic compounds from Belamcanda chinensis seeds

Two new sucrose derivatives, namely, belamcanosides A (1) and B (2), together with five other known compounds (3-7), were isolated from the seeds of Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC. Their structures were identified based on spectroscopic data. Especially, the absolute configurations of fructose and glucose residues in 1 and 2 were assigned by acid hydrolysis, followed by derivatization and gas chromatography (GC) analysis. Among the known compounds, (-)-hopeaphenol (3), (+)-syringaresinol (4), and quercetin (5), were isolated from B. chinensis for the first time. In addition, biological evaluation of 1 and 2 against cholesterol synthesis and metabolism at the gene level was carried out. The results showed that compounds 1 and 2 could regulate the expression of cholesterol synthesis and metabolism-associated genes, including 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), squalene epoxidase (SQLE), low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), and sortilin (SORT1) genes in HepG2 cells.

A Chromium Hydroxide/MIL-101(Cr) MOF Composite Catalyst and Its Use for the Selective Isomerization of Glucose to Fructose

A metal–organic framework (MOF)-based catalyst, chromium hydroxide/MIL-101(Cr), was prepared by a one-pot synthesis method. The combination of chromium hydroxide particles on and within Lewis acidic MIL-101 accomplishes highly selective conversion of gluc

Insights into the Kinetics and Reaction Network of Aluminum Chloride-Catalyzed Conversion of Glucose in NaCl-H2O/THF Biphasic System

We performed a systematic experimental kinetics study on AlCl3-catalyzed conversion of glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in NaCl-H2O/tetrahydrofuran (THF) biphasic solvent. The kinetics model covers an extensive reaction network including the parallel and tandem reactions of isomerization, dehydration, decomposition, and polymerization from glucose. The accuracy of the model was verified by a parity plot and statistical significance analysis of the kinetic parameters. A deliberate insight into the intrinsic kinetic properties (reaction rate constant and apparent activation energy) of each subreaction elaborates the regulatory role of THF and NaCl on reaction pathways within the network. That is, THF suppresses the rehydration, degradation, and polymerization of HMF to unwanted byproducts, inhibits fructose-to-HMF dehydration and fructose-to-humins polymerization, but promotes the generation of formic acid (FA) from the direct degradation of both glucose and fructose by facilitating the generation of [Glc/Fru + H-H2O-FA]+ species without formation of levulinic acid (LA); while NaCl promotes the dehydration and polymerization of fructose, decelerates the glucose-to-fructose isomerization, and effectively suppresses glucose-to-humins polymerization. The suppression role of NaCl on glucose conversion may come from the inhibition on mutarotation and ring opening from glucose due to the existence of a hydrogen bond between (C6)O-H on glucose and Cl- ion. The Br?nsted acid (HCl) from the hydrolysis of AlCl3 is responsible for direct glucose/fructose-to-FA degradation, HMF-to-humins polymerization, and HMF-to-FA/LA rehydration. The Lewis acidic [Al(OH)2(aq)]+ species is active for the reversible glucose-to-fructose isomerization and direct HMF-to-FA degradation, whereas glucose/fructose-to-humins polymerization and fructose-to-HMF dehydration are both Br?nsted and Lewis acid-catalyzed. This work highlights a deep understanding of the complicated reaction network in the acid-catalyzed conversion of glucose to HMF in a biphasic solvent.