4495-66-3Relevant academic research and scientific papers
KOtBu/DMSO Catalytic System for Isomerization of Allylic Alcohols to Ketones
Sai, Masahiro
, (2022/04/03)
The isomerization of allylic alcohols is an important reaction because it can afford carbonyl compounds in an atom-economical manner. Although base-catalyzed methods are more desirable than those using transition-metal catalysts from both the economic and environmental points of view, these methods have several drawbacks, such as narrow substrate scope and high catalyst loading. This paper reports the development of an efficient KOtBu/DMSO catalytic system suitable for the isomerization of a broad range of allylic alcohols with good yields, to which previously reported systems could not be applied. This catalytic system was successfully applied to a tandem allylic isomerization/electrophilic trapping reaction, thereby highlighting its synthetic utility.
A facile and versatile electro-reductive system for hydrodefunctionalization under ambient conditions
Huang, Binbin,Guo, Lin,Xia, Wujiong
supporting information, p. 2095 - 2103 (2021/03/26)
A general electrochemical system for reductive hydrodefunctionalization is described, employing the inexpensive and easily available triethylamine (Et3N) as a sacrificial reductant. This protocol is characterized by facile operation, sustainable conditions, and exceptionally wide substrate scope covering the cleavage of C-halogen, N-S, N-C, O-S, O-C, C-C and C-N bonds. Notably, the selectivity and capability of reduction can be conveniently switched by simple incorporation or removal of an alcohol as a co-solvent.
Photoredox/nickel-catalyzed hydroacylation of ethylene with aromatic acids
Chen, Shuai,He, Hengchi,Li, Weipeng,Xie, Jin,Zhang, Lili,Zhu, Chengjian
supporting information, p. 9064 - 9067 (2021/09/15)
We report a general, practical and scalable hydroacylation reaction of ethylene with aromatic carboxylic acids with the synergistic combination of nickel and photoredox catalysis. Under ambient temperature and pressure, feedstock chemicals such as ethylene can be converted into high-value-added aromatic ketones in moderate to good yields (up to 92%) with reaction time of 2-6 hours.
Synthesis, Antiproliferative Effect, and Topoisomerase II Inhibitory Activity of 3-Methyl-2-phenyl-1 H-indoles
Argaez, Aida Nelly Garcia,Dalla Via, Lisa,Hyeraci, Mariafrancesca,Kikelj, Danijel,Ma?i?, Lucija Peterlin,Passarella, Daniele,Secci, Daniela,Toma?i?, Tihomir,Zidar, Nace
, p. 691 - 697 (2020/07/14)
A series of 3-methyl-2-phenyl-1H-indoles was prepared and investigated for antiproliferative activity on three human tumor cell lines, HeLa, A2780, and MSTO-211H, and some structure-activity relationships were drawn up. The GI50 values of the most potent compounds (32 and 33) were lower than 5 μM in all tested cell lines. For the most biologically relevant derivatives, the effect on human DNA topoisomerase II relaxation activity was investigated, which highlighted the good correlation between the antiproliferative effect and topoisomerase II inhibition. The most potent derivative, 32, was shown to induce the apoptosis pathway. The obtained results highlight 3-methyl-2-phenyl-1H-indole as a promising scaffold for further optimization of compounds with potent antiproliferative and antitopoisomerase II activities.
BETA-HYDROXYETHYLAMINES FOR USE IN THE TREATMENT OR PREVENTION OF NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASES
-
, (2019/04/11)
There is herein provided a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in the treatment of a non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), wherein X, R1, R2, R3 and n have meanings as provided in the description.
Heteroaryl estrogen receptor regulating agent and application thereof
-
Paragraph 0065; 0070; 0072, (2019/10/04)
The invention provides a compound as shown in a formula (I) and a heteroaryl estrogen receptor regulating agent including the same, belonging to the technical field of medicines. The heteroaryl estrogen receptor regulating agent further comprises a calcium phosphosilicate microsphere carrier, wherein the carrier includes silicon oxide, calcium oxide and phosphorus pentoxide in a weight ratio of 20: 4: 1, and the diameters of the microspheres are in a range of 300 to 1100 nm. The compound and the regulating agent provided by the invention can be used as estrogen receptor degrading agents, AKR1C3 inhibitors and bone resorption inhibitors for treating estrogen receptor related diseases or illnesses of patients and can be applied to the treatment of breast cancer, endometriosis and osteoporosis. The preparation method for the regulating agent can prolong the shelf life of the compound, increase the loading amount of a microsphere product, and enhance the stability and sustained release performance of the regulating agent; and the regulating agent provides a supersaturation amount of Ca in a biological fluid environment for binding to bone tissue nucleation sites so as to promote regeneration or repairing of bone tissue.
PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF BAZEDOXIFENE
-
Paragraph 0058, (2020/01/12)
The invention relates to a process for preparation of the compound 3-methyl-5-benzyloxy-2-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)-1H-indole 5, an intermediate for the synthesis of bazedoxifene and bazedoxifene acetate.
INDOLE DERIVATIVES AS ESTROGEN RECEPTOR DEGRADERS
-
Paragraph 0432; 0433, (2018/04/21)
The present disclosure relates to compounds and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, compositions, combinations and medicaments containing the compounds, and processes for their preparation. The disclosure also relates to the use of the compounds, combinations, compositions and medicaments, for example as inhibitors of the activity of the estrogen receptor, including degrading the estrogen receptor, the treatment of diseases and conditions mediated by the estrogen receptor.
COMPOUNDS FOR THE TREATMENT OF HYPERGLYCAEMIA
-
, (2017/09/28)
There is herein provided a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in the treatment of hyperglycaemia or a disorder characterized by hyperglycaemia, such as type 2 diabetes, wherein X, R1, R2, R3 and n have meanings as provided in the description.
Toxicity of the amphetamine metabolites 4-hydroxyamphetamine and 4-hydroxynorephedrine in human dopaminergic differentiated SH-SY5Y cells
Feio-Azevedo,Costa,Ferreira,Branco,Pereira,Bastos,Carvalho,Capela
, p. 65 - 76 (2017/02/19)
Amphetamine (AMPH) is a psychostimulant used worldwide by millions of patients in the clinical treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, narcolepsy or even obesity, and is also a drug of abuse. 4-Hydroxynorephedrine (4-OHNE) and 4-hydroxyamphetamine (4-OHAMPH) are two major metabolites known to persist in the brain longer than AMPH. The contribution of AMPH metabolites for its neurotoxicity is undetermined. We evaluated the toxicity of AMPH and its metabolites 4-OHNE and 4-OHAMPH, obtained by chemical synthesis, in human dopaminergic differentiated SH-SY5Y neurons. Cells were exposed to AMPH (concentration range 0–5 mM) or 4-OHAMPH or 4-OHNE (concentration range 0–10 mM) for 24 or 48 h, and the viability was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage assays. Results showed that for both AMPH and the metabolites a concentration-dependent toxicity was observed. The toxic concentration 50% (TC50) for AMPH and 4-OHNE following 24 h exposure was circa 3.5 mM and 8 mM, respectively. For 4-OHAMPH the TC50 was not reached in the tested concentration range. N-acetyl cysteine, cycloheximide, L-carnitine, and methylphenidate were able to reduce cell death induced by AMPH TC50. Acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining showed evident signs of late apoptotic cells and necrotic cells following 24 h exposure to AMPH 3.50 mM. The 4-OHAMPH metabolite at 8.00 mM originated few late apoptotic cells, whereas 4-OHNE at 8.00 mM resulted in late apoptotic cells and necrotic cells, in a scenario similar to AMPH. In conclusion, the AMPH metabolite 4-OHNE is more toxic than 4-OHAMPH, nonetheless both are less toxic than the parent compound in vitro. The most toxic metabolite 4-OHNE has longer permanence in the brain, rendering likely its contribution for AMPH neurotoxicity.
