51-59-2Relevant articles and documents
Scalable synthesis of 8-amino-3-hydroxy-6 H -benzo[ c ]chromen-6-one: Key intermediate for SEGRA via the Hurtley reaction
Kudo, Kazuhiro,Yamamoto, Noriyoshi
, p. 309 - 314 (2015)
A practical and scalable process for the preparation of 8-amino-3-hydroxy-6H-benzo[c]chromen-6-one in multihundred kilogram amounts has been developed. The key features of this synthesis are the application of the Hurtley reaction with a copper and base combination and the development of a purification process. The new synthesis improved the total yield from 49.0% to 59.5% and reduced the number of steps from three to two. Compared with the conventional medicinal route, manufacturing costs were reduced significantly by the use of inexpensive, easy to procure materials.
Liposomal formulations of inflammatory bowel disease drugs: Local versus systemic drug delivery in a rat model
Kesisoglou, Filippos,Zhou, Simon Yuji,Niemiec, Susan,Lee, Jordan Wing,Zimmermann, Ellen M.,Fleisher, David
, p. 1320 - 1330 (2005)
Purpose. Based on adherence to intestinal mucosa, intralumenally administered liposomal formulations of 5-aminosalicylate (5-ASA) and 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) were studied for their potential to enhance local drug delivery to intestinal tissue for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Methods. 5-ASA was encapsulated in standard phospholipid liposomes while 6-MP required encapsulation in nonphospholipid liposomes to obtain equivalent drug loading. Encapsulation efficiency was measured by size-exclusion chromatography/high-performance liquid chromatogtaphy (HPLC). Liposomal formulations or solution of the drugs were injected into unligated jejunum to compare pharmacokinetics and into ligated loops of rat ileum and colon to evaluate local delivery. Dextran sulfate and acetic acid induced colitis were used as models of lower intestinal inflammation. Plasma, tissue and luminal drug and metabolite levels were measured by liquid scintillation counting or HPLC. Results. Encapsulation efficiency of 6-MP was dependent on lipid content and composition. While liposomal encapsulation significantly reduced systemic absorption of 5-ASA this was not the case for 6-MP. Liposomal adherence to intestinal tissue resulted in increased tissue levels for 5-ASA; however, 6-MP local tissue levels were not improved compared to solution drug. Conclusions. Nonphospholipid liposomes optimize encapsulation of 6-MP. While liposomal formulations show potential for local drug delivery to diseased bowel, drug physicochemical properties, absorption, and metabolic profiles dictate tissue-targeting potential. Liposomes reduce systemic availability from paracellular absorption of hydrophilic 5-ASA, but fail to improve local tissue delivery of 6-MP, a molecule absorbed by passive membrane permeation that undergoes extensive first- pass metabolism.
Synthesis and in?vitro Bioactivity Evaluation of New Galactose and Fructose Ester Derivatives of 5-Aminosalicylic Acid
Yousefi, Samira,Bayat, Saadi,Rahman, Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul,Ibrahim, Zalikha,Abdulmalek, Emilia
, (2017/04/18)
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is the main risk factor for developing colorectal cancer which is common in patients of all ages. 5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), structurally related to the salicylates, is highly active in the treatment of IBD with minor side effects. In this study, the synthesis of galactose and fructose esters of 5-ASA was planned to evaluate the role of glycoconjugation on the bioactivity of the parent drug. The antibacterial activity of the new compounds were evaluated against two Gram-negative and two Gram-positive species of bacteria, with a notable effect observed against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in comparisons with the 5-ASA. Cytotoxicity testing over HT-29 and 3T3 cell lines indicated that the toxicity of the new products against normal cells was significantly reduced compared with the original drug, whereas their activity against cancerous cells was slightly decreased. The anti-inflammatory activity test in RAW264.7 macrophage cells indicated that the inhibition of nitric oxide by both of the monosaccharide conjugated derivatives was slightly improved in comparison with the non-conjugated drug.
Preparation and characterization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), functionalized with phosphonic acid (MWCNTs-C-PO3H2) and its application as a novel, efficient, heterogeneous, highly selective and reusable catalyst for acetylation of alcohols, phenols, aromatic amines, and thiols
Dehghani, Farzaneh,Sardarian, Ali Reza,Doroodmand, Mohammad Mehdi
, p. 673 - 684 (2014/05/20)
A novel, efficient, heterogeneous, and reusable multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), functionalized with phosphonic acid (MWCNTs-C-PO 3H2) has been synthesized. The synthesized CNTs were characterized using some electron microscopic techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), and also some thermal and spectroscopic methods such as thermogravimetry (TG). The nitrogen adsorption behavior of the MWCNTs-C-PO3H2 catalyst was evaluated using the TG instrumentation system at 25°C. The catalyst was applied successfully for highly efficient and selective acetylation of alcohols, phenols, thiols and aromatic amines with acetic anhydride at room temperature under solvent-free conditions. The reusability of the catalyst was checked and the recovered catalyst was reused for five runs without significant loss in activity.
