76-15-3

Hazards Identification

Pictogram(s):

Signal:

Warning

GHS Hazard Statements:

H280: Contains gas under pressure; may explode if heated [Warning Gases under pressure]

Precautionary Statement Codes:

P410+P40, and 410+P403

Hazard Classes and Categories:

Gases under pressure - Liquefied gas

Hazards Summary:

See CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS; Possible frostbite from contact with liquid; [ICSC]

Usage

Uses

Used in Refrigeration Industry:
1-Chloro-1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethane is used as a refrigerant for its ability to provide efficient cooling in various systems. It is favored for its low toxicity and safety profile, making it suitable for use in a range of applications.
Used in Propellant Applications:
In the propellant industry, 1-Chloro-1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethane serves as a propellant agent, leveraging its properties to dispense products such as aerosols and sprays. Its low toxicity ensures that it can be used safely in these applications.
Used in Solvent Applications:
As a solvent, 1-Chloro-1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethane is utilized in various industrial processes due to its ability to dissolve a wide range of substances. Its chemical stability and low reactivity make it a preferred choice in solvent applications.
Environmental and Personal Care Products:
1-Chloro-1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethane is used in environmental and personal care products due to its low toxicity and safety profile. It is considered a suitable ingredient for these applications, ensuring minimal impact on health and the environment.
Despite its wide range of uses, efforts are being made to find more environmentally friendly alternatives to 1-Chloro-1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethane, given its contribution to ozone depletion and high global warming potential. This reflects a growing awareness and commitment to reducing the environmental impact of chemical compounds in various industries.

InChI:InChI=1/C2ClF5/c3-1(4,5)2(6,7)8

Upstream product

• 354-58-5 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane 
• 354-64-3 Pentafluoroethyl iodide 
• 76-13-1 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane 
• 354-54-1 1-chloro-1-iodo-2-bromo-1,2,2-trifluoroethane 
• 79-38-9 Chlorotrifluoroethylene 
• 598-88-9 1,2-dichloro-1,2-difluoroethene 
• 156-60-5 trans-1,2-dichloroethylene 
• 865-49-6 chloroform-d1 
• 3369-48-0 pentafluoroethyl radical 
• 74-85-1 ethene 
• 67-66-3 chloroform 
• 506-77-4 cyanogen chloride 
• 678-26-2 perfluoropentane 
• 7782-50-5 chlorine 

Downstream Products

• 116-14-3 polytetrafluoroethylene 
• 75-73-0 carbon tetrafluoride 
• 75-72-9 chlorotrifluoromethane 
• 76-16-4 Hexafluoroethane 
• 354-33-6 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane 
• 420-46-2 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 
• 811-97-2 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane 
• 75-38-7 Vinylidene fluoride 
• 1814-88-6 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane 
• 358-21-4 perfluorodiethyl ether 
• 20157-74-8 (pentafluoroethyl)diphenylphosphine 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

REACTIONS OF PENTAFLUOROTELLURIUM HYPOHALITES WITH FLUOROOLEFINS

Both pentafluorotellurium hypochlorite, TeF5OCl, and hypofluorite, TeF5OF, react with fluoroolefins to form TeF5O- containing fluorocarbons, a new class of compounds.In the case of TeF5OF, yields of the adducts are high (60-86percent) but are lower (22-30percent) with TeF5OCl.In the latter case extensive chlorofluorination of the olefin occurs.Olefins studied include CF2=CF2, CF3CF=CF2, CF2=CFCl, and perfluorocyclopentene.Details of the synthesis and characterization of these new fluorocarbons are presented.

From hypochlorites to perfluorinated dialkyl peroxides

The synthesis and characterization of the new perfluorinated hypochlorite, undecafluoro-tert-pentyl hypochlorite, (C2F5)(F3C)2COCl, is reported. Its gas-phase infrared, UV/Vis and NMR spectra have been recorded and its spectroscopic properties are discussed and compared with quantum-chemical predictions and those of other known perfluorinated hypochlorites such as RFOCl [RF = F3C, (F3C)3C, (C2F5)(F3C)2C]. A synthetic route to otherwise difficult to access perfluorinated dialkyl peroxides, RFOORF, is also provided by low-temperature photolysis of the corresponding hypochlorite.

High surface area chromium(III)fluoride – Preparation and some properties

Reaction of hydrated hydrazinium fluorochromate(III), [N2H6][CrF5]·H2O, with fluorine (F2)in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (aHF)medium at room temperature yields completely amorphous CrF3-based materials with exceptionally high specific surface areas of 180–420 m2 g?1 (HS-CrF3). The stepwise reaction starts with the oxidative decomposition of the cationic part of the precursor with F2 that gives a CrF3 intermediate with low surface area. In the following step, part of Cr3+ is oxidized to Cr>3+, and in the presence of residual H2O/[H3O]+ species Cr>3+ fluoride oxides are formed. Formation of volatile chromium compounds, mainly CrO2F2, is apparently the key step in HS-CrF3 formation. Removal of these components from the final product reduces the oxygen content, and generates microporosity. The HS-CrF3 materials are completely amorphous with a bulk composition that is close to stoichiometric CrF3. Small amounts of Cr>3+ and oxygen in the final product very likely originate from the retained non-volatile CrOF3. The HS-CrF3 materials are Lewis acids and exhibit a high reactivity towards chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)evidenced by substantial F/Cl exchange between CFCs and the solid fluoride. High reactivity of these new materials can be ascribed to their nanoscopic nature, exceptionally high surface area, and low levels of impurities. As such, they represent an interesting new class of benchmark fluoride materials applicable in fluorocarbon chemistry.

PROCESS FOR PREPARING FLUORINE-CONTAINING PROPANE

The present invention provides a process for preparing a fluorine-containing propane represented by the formula: CF2XCF2CH3 wherein X is F or Cl, the process including reacting tetrafluoroethylene and methyl chloride in the presence of an antimony halide represented by the formula: SbFxC5-x wherein x is a value of 0 to 5. According to the present invention, the fluorine-containing propane represented by the formula: CF2XCF2CH3 wherein X is F or Cl, which is useful as a starting material of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf), can be obtained by a simple process, using relatively inexpensive starting materials.

PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING CHLOROFLUOROCARBON COMPOUNDS USING INORGANIC FLUORIDE

Methods and systems for producing chlorofluorocarbon with an inorganic fluoride (e.g., germanium tetrafluoride (GeF4)) are disclosed herein.

PROCESS FOR RECOVERING PENTAFLUOROETHANE, AND PRODUCTION METHOD OF PENTAFLUOROETHANE INVOLVING THE PROCESS

The process for recovering pentafluoroethane of the invention includes bringing a mixed gas containing pentafluoroethane and a non-condensable gas into contact with a chlorinated solvent, and allowing the chlorinated solvent to absorb pentafluoroethane contained in the mixed gas. The process for the production of pentafluoroethane of the invention uses the recovering process.

Nitrogen trifluoride as an oxidative co-reagent in high temperature vapor phase hydrofluorinations

Nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) has proven to be a useful additive in high temperature vapor phase hydrofluorination reactions of chlorocarbons. The activity of chromium-based catalysts is maintained by introducing a co-stream of NF3 into the reagent chlorocarbon and HF stream. NF3 is a desirable additive instead of O2 as there is no water generation due to its use.

Catalytic conversion of hydrofluoroalkanol to hydrofluoroalkene

Methane is used as the selective dehydrating agent for the production of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propene (R1234yf) from 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-1-propanol. Supported transition metal catalysts are prepared and used for this reaction with high activity. Almost 58% selectivity to R1234yf is obtained at an alcohol conversion level of 60% using unsupported Ni-mesh as the catalyst. Pd and Pt show almost similar level of conversion; however, the selectivity to the desired product is low. The activity of the metal catalyst was found to be a function of the type of support material, activated carbon showing better activity than alumina. Different important process parameters such as temperature, pressure, and contact time are studied to optimize the process. High pressure and temperature are deleterious to the rate of 1234yf formation; yet, the highest yield to 1234yf is obtained while performing a reaction at 494° C. with a contact time of 23 sec.

PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF 1,1,1,2-TETRAFLUOROETHANE AND/OR PENTAFLUOROETHANE AND APPLICATIONS OF THE SAME

A process for producing high purity 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and/or pentafluoroethane by the step of purifying a crude product obtained by reacting trichloroethylene and/or tetrachloroethylene with hydrogen fluoride comprised of a main product including 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and/or pentafluoroethane, hydrogen fluoride as an azeotropic component with the main product, and impurity ingredients including at least an unsaturated compound, wherein said purifying step includes a step of bringing a mixture obtained by newly adding hydrogen fluoride into said crude product into contact with a fluorination catalyst in the vapor phase to reducing the content of the unsaturated compound contained in said crude product and a distillation step.

Processes for the purification and use of 2-chloro-1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane and zeotropes thereof with HF

A process is disclosed for the separation of a mixture of HF and CF3CClFCF3. The process involves placing the mixture in a separation zone at a temperature of from about ?30° C. to about 100° C. and at a pressure sufficient to maintain the mixture in the liquid phase, whereby an organic-enriched phase comprising less than 50 mole percent HF is formed as the bottom layer and an HF-enriched phase comprising more than 90 mole percent HF is formed as the top layer. The organic-enriched phase can be withdrawn from the bottom of the separation zone and subjected to distillation in a distillation column to recover essentially pure CF3CClFCF3. The distillate comprising HF and CF3CClFCF3can be removed from the top of the distillation column while essentially pure CF3CClFCF3can be recovered from the bottom of the distillation column. The HF-enriched phase can be withdrawn from the top of the separation zone and subjected to distillation in a distillation column. The distillate comprising HF and CF3CClFCF3can be removed from the top of the distillation column while essentially pure HF can be recovered from the bottom of the distillation column. If desired, the two distillates can be recycled to the separation zone. Also disclosed are compositions of hydrogen fluoride in combination with an effective amount of CF3CClFCF3to form an azeotrope or azeotrope-like composition with hydrogen fluoride. Included are compositions containing from about 38.4 to 47.9 mole percent CF3CClFCF3. Also disclosed are processes for producing 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoro-propane. One process uses a mixture comprising HF and CF3CClFCF3and is characterized by preparing essentially pure CF3CClFCF3as indicated above, and reacting the CF3CClFCF3with hydrogen. Another process uses an azeotropic composition as described above, and reacts the CF3CClFCF3with hydrogen in the presence of HF. Also disclosed is a process for producing hexafluoropropene. This process is characterized by preparing essentially pure CF3CClFCF3as indicated above, and dehalogenating the CF3CClFCF3.