420-46-2

Basic information

• Product Name: 11,1,1-Trifluoroethane
• Synonyms: 1,1,1-Trifluoroform;CFC 143A;FC 143a;Freon 143a;HCF 143a;HCFC 143a;HFC 143a;Methylfluoroform;R 143a;TG 143a
• CAS NO: 420-46-2
• Molecular Formula: C₂H₃F₃
• Molecular Weight: 84.05
• EINECS: 206-996-5
• Mol File: 420-46-2.mol
• Article Data: 56

Chemical Properties

• Melting Point: -111.3 °C
• Boiling Point: -47 °C
• Appearance: colourless gas
• Density: 1.078 g/cm³
• CAS DataBase Reference: 11,1,1-Trifluoroethane(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: 11,1,1-Trifluoroethane(420-46-2)
• EPA Substance Registry System: 11,1,1-Trifluoroethane(420-46-2)

Safety Data

• Statements: R11:Highly flammable.
• Safety Statements: S16:Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking.; S33:Take precautionary measures against static discharges.
• Hazardous Substances Data: 420-46-2(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

General Description

11,1,1-Trifluoroethane, also known as HFC-143a, is a fluorinated gas commonly used as a refrigerant in air conditioning and refrigeration systems. It is a colorless, odorless gas that is non-flammable and has a low toxicity. HFC-143a has a relatively low global warming potential, making it a popular alternative to ozone-depleting refrigerants such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). However, it still contributes to climate change as a greenhouse gas. Its use is regulated under the Montreal Protocol and its production is being phased out in many countries as part of efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate climate change.

InChI:InChI=1/C2H3F3/c1-2(3,4)5/h1H3

Synthetic route

1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (75-68-3) → 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2)

Conditions	Yield
at 200℃; for 2h; Conversion of starting material;	100%
With hydrogen fluoride; chlorine; antimonypentachloride at 15 - 20℃; under 6750.68 Torr;	97%
With hydrogen fluoride; chromium(III) water-soluble salt; graphite; magnesium oxide; water; mixture of, dried at 150 C, hydrofluorinated at 200-350 C at 200℃; under 7500.75 Torr; Continious process;
With neodymium(III) oxide; hydrogen fluoride; antimony pentafluoride at 10℃; under 2250.23 Torr; Reagent/catalyst; Large scale;

2-oxo-propionic acid (127-17-3) → 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2)

Conditions	Yield
With sulfur tetrafluoride at 20℃; for 12h; steel autoclave;	98%

1,1-dichlorotetrafluoroethane (374-07-2) → 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2) + 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (811-97-2) + 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro-2-chloroethane (2837-89-0)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen; palladium/alumina at 140℃; Product distribution; Mechanism; var. temp.; other catalysts;	A 5.5% B 84.3% C 10.2%
With hydrogen; palladium at 149.85℃; under 770 Torr; Rate constant; Product distribution; Thermodynamic data; E(a); other Pd catalysts; effect of HCl and sulfur;
With hydrogen; palladium/alumina at 199.85℃; for 15h; Product distribution; also fluorinated aluminas catalysts; other substrate;
With hydrogenchloride; hydrogen; 5percent Pd/C-H Kinetics; Activation energy; Further Variations:; Catalysts; Dehydrochlorination;

HCFC-141b (1717-00-6) → 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2)

Conditions	Yield
at 200℃; for 2h; Conversion of starting material;	82%

1,1-Dichloroethylene (75-35-4) → 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2) + 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (75-68-3) + HCFC-141b (1717-00-6)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen fluoride; SbCl5 on Carbon at 100℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 0.00277778h;	A 80% B n/a C n/a

(Z)-5,5,6,6-Tetrafluoro-4-hydroxy-hex-3-en-2-one (82750-12-7) → 2,3,3,4,4-pentafluorobut-1-ene (721946-10-7) + 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2)

Conditions	Yield
With sulfur tetrafluoride at 80℃; for 20h; Autoclave;	A 58% B 7%

1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) → 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2)

Conditions	Yield
With manganese(IV) oxide; hydrogen fluoride at 125℃;
With chromium(III) oxide; hydrogen fluoride at 50℃; unter Druck;
With hydrogen fluoride; lead dioxide at 125℃;

1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (75-68-3) → 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2) + 1-chloro-1-fluoroethane (2317-91-1)

Conditions	Yield
With aluminum(III) fluoride at 325℃;
With aluminum(III) fluoride at 300 - 400℃;

1,1,1-trichloroethane (71-55-6) → 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen fluoride at 210℃; under 268460 Torr;
With hydrogen fluoride; antimonypentachloride at 30 - 40℃; under 27949.3 Torr;
With aluminium fluoride oxide-cobalt halide; hydrogen fluoride at 290℃;

1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (75-88-7) → 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2) + 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutane (407-59-0) + 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2,3-dichlorobutane (384-54-3)

Conditions	Yield
mit UV-Licht.Irradiation;

Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) → 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2)

Conditions	Yield
With aluminum(III) fluoride; hydrogen fluoride

1,1-Dichloroethylene (75-35-4) → 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2) + 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (75-68-3)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen fluoride; diphenylamine at 180 - 195℃; unter Druck;

trifluoroacetic anhydride (407-25-0) → 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2)

Conditions	Yield
With dibutyl ether; platinum under 29420.3 - 36775.4 Torr; Hydrogenation;

acetic acid (64-19-7) → 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2) + α,α,α',α'-Tetrafluordiaethylaether (38217-11-7)

Conditions	Yield
With sulfur tetrafluoride at -10℃; for 48h;

2,2,2-trifluorodiazoethane (371-67-5) + cyclohexene (110-83-8) → trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (66711-86-2) + 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2) + 7-Trifluormethyl-norcaran (2355-93-3) + 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene (359-11-5)

Conditions	Yield
for 168h; Irradiation;

benzoic acid methyl ester (93-58-3) + trifluoromethanide (54128-17-5) → 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2) + benzoate (766-76-7)

Conditions	Yield
In gas Thermodynamic data; ΔH0, nucleophilic reactions of F3C- at sp2 and sp3 carbon in the gas phase, competitive reactions;

1,1,1-trichloroethane (71-55-6) → 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2) + 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (75-68-3) + HCFC-141b (1717-00-6) + 1,1-Dichloroethylene (75-35-4)

Conditions	Yield
With fluorinated (with SF4) γ-alumina; hydrogen fluoride for 2h; Product distribution; Ambient temperature;
With hydrogen fluoride; antimonypentachloride at 60℃; under 7500.6 Torr; Mechanism; var. reaction partners and temp.;
With chromium(III) oxide; sulfur tetrafluoride; hydrogen fluoride at 20℃; for 2h; Product distribution; Further Variations:; Reagents;

1,1-dichlorotetrafluoroethane (374-07-2) + 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (76-14-2) → 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2) + 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (811-97-2) + 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (359-35-3) + 2-chloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (354-25-6) + 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro-2-chloroethane (2837-89-0)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen; palladium on activated charcoal at 240℃; for 0.00611111h; Product distribution; Mechanism; other times, other temperatures;

trifluoroacetic acid-methyl ester (431-47-0) + trifluoromethanide (54128-17-5) → 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2) + trifluoroacetate (14477-72-6)

Conditions	Yield
In gas Rate constant; Thermodynamic data; ΔH0, nucleophilic reactions of F3C- at sp2 and sp3 carbon in the gas phase, competitive reactions;

2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl p-toluenesulfonate (433-06-7) → 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2)

Conditions	Yield
With lithium aluminium tetrahydride

methyltrifluoromethyldioxirane (115464-59-0) → 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2) + acetic acid methyl ester (79-20-9) + trifluoroacetic acid-methyl ester (431-47-0) + carbon dioxide (124-38-9) + trifluoromethyl acetate (74123-20-9) + trifluoroacetic acid (76-05-1)

Conditions	Yield
In tetrachloromethane; chloroform-d1 at 20℃; for 0.166667h; Product distribution; Mechanism; Irradiation; thermal and photochemical dicomposition in gas, solution, and matrix phases;	A 1 % Spectr. B 14 % Spectr. C 18 % Spectr. D n/a E 53 % Spectr. F 14 % Spectr.

1,1,2-trifluoroethylene (359-11-5) → 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2) + 1,1,2-Trifluoroethan (430-66-0) + 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutane (407-59-0) + 1,2,2,3,3,4-hexafluoro-butane (114810-02-5) + 1,1,1,3,4,4-Hexafluoro-butane + 1,1,1,3,3,4-Hexafluoro-butane

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen; mercury under 100 - 750 Torr; Product distribution; Ambient temperature; Irradiation; different H2 pressure;

1,1,2-trifluoroethylene (359-11-5) → 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2) + 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutane (407-59-0) + 1,2,2,3,3,4-hexafluoro-butane (114810-02-5) + 1,1,1,3,4,4-Hexafluoro-butane + 1,1,1,3,3,4-Hexafluoro-butane + 1,1,2,3,3,4-hexafluorobutane

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen; mercury under 100 - 750 Torr; Product distribution; Ambient temperature; Irradiation; different H2 pressure;

2,2-dimethylpropane (463-82-1) + Hexafluoroacetone (684-16-2) → methane (34557-54-5) + ethane (74-84-0) + propane (74-98-6) + ethene (74-85-1) + trifluoromethan (75-46-7) + 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2)

Conditions	Yield
at 300℃; for 2h; Product distribution; Mechanism; Irradiation; other temperature, UV lamp, reaction time, in packed and unpacked vessel;

Hexafluoroacetone (684-16-2) + acetone (67-64-1) → ethane (74-84-0) + 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2) + Hexafluoroethane (76-16-4)

Conditions	Yield
In ethyl acetate for 0.5h; Product distribution; Irradiation; further temperature;

trifluoromethanide (54128-17-5) + carbonic acid dimethyl ester (616-38-6) → 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2) + methyl carbonate (49745-25-7)

Conditions	Yield
In gas nucleophilic reactions of F3C- at sp2 and sp3 carbon in the gas phase, competitive reactions;

metyhyl chlorodifluoroacetate (1514-87-0) + methyl iodide (74-88-4) → 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2)

Conditions	Yield
With potassium fluoride; copper(l) iodide; cadmium(II) iodide In N,N,N,N,N,N-hexamethylphosphoric triamide at 120℃; for 8h;	81 % Turnov.

methyl bromodifluoroacetate (683-98-7) + methyl iodide (74-88-4) → 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2)

Conditions	Yield
With potassium fluoride; copper(l) iodide; cadmium(II) iodide In N,N,N,N,N,N-hexamethylphosphoric triamide at 90℃; for 8h;	75 % Turnov.

1,1,1-trichloroethane (71-55-6) → 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2) + 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (75-68-3) + HCFC-141b (1717-00-6) + Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7)

Conditions	Yield
With fluorinated Fe3O4 for 2h; Ambient temperature; Yields of byproduct given. Title compound not separated from byproducts;

1,1-Dichloroethylene (75-35-4) → 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (354-58-5) + 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2) + 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (75-68-3) + HCFC-141b (1717-00-6)

Conditions	Yield
With fluorinated Co3O4 for 2h; Ambient temperature; Further byproducts given. Yields of byproduct given. Title compound not separated from byproducts;

2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2) + 4C66H51N15O12*4O4P(3-)*12K(1+)*12C12H24O6*C2H3N → 4C66H51N15O12*4O4P(3-)*12K(1+)*12C12H24O6*C2H3F3

Conditions	Yield
In water at 20℃;	90%

polytetrafluoroethylene (116-14-3) + 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2) → 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluorobutane (662-00-0)

Conditions	Yield
With antimony pentafluoride at 50℃; for 16h;	89%

perfluoropropylene (116-15-4) + 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2) → 1,1,1,2,3,3,5,5,5-Nonafluoropentan (58705-99-0)

Conditions	Yield
at 310℃; for 144h;	71%

2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2) + 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene (359-11-5) → 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluorobutane (76523-97-2) + 1,1,1,3,4,4-Hexafluoro-butane + 1,1,1,3,3,4-Hexafluoro-butane

Conditions	Yield
With antimony pentafluoride at 20℃; for 8h; Title compound not separated from byproducts;	A 70% B 1% C 2%

2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2) + thiourea (17356-08-0) → 3,3,3-trifluoro-propane-1-thiol (69412-76-6)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol; thiourea In ethanol; water at 90℃; for 5h; Stage #2: With water; sodium hydroxide for 3h; pH=12 - Ca. 13; Reflux;	65%

2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2) + p-vinylbiphenyl (2350-89-2) → C16H14F3N3

Conditions	Yield
With copper(l) iodide; tetrabutylammoniun azide; 2,2'-bis-(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl In acetonitrile at 20℃; Irradiation;	65%

cis-[Ru(PMe3)4(H)(NH2)] (482314-33-0) + 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2) → cis-[Ru(PMe3)4(H)(NH3)]F (482314-43-2)

Conditions	Yield
In benzene mixt. was stirred at room temp. for 48 h in closed vessel; soln. was evapd. to dryness, residue was dissolved in THF, layered with pentane, cooled to -35°C over 24 h; elem. anal.;	59%

2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2) + Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) → 1,1,1,5,5,5-Hexafluoro-3-methyl-3-(2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl)-pentane

Conditions	Yield
With antimony pentafluoride at 20℃; for 8h;	45%

2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2) + 1,2-dichloro-1,2-difluoroethene (598-88-9) → 1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,3,3-pentafluoro-butane

Conditions	Yield
With antimony pentafluoride for 8h;	16%

2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2) → 2-bromo-1,1,1-trifluoroethane (421-06-7)

Conditions	Yield
With bromine at 500℃;

2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2) → 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (75-88-7)

Conditions	Yield
With chlorine at 500℃;

2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2) → Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) + 1,1,2,2-tetrafluorocyclobutane (374-12-9)

Conditions	Yield
at 750 - 910℃;

2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2) → 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,2-dichloroethane (306-83-2)

Conditions	Yield
With chlorine at 497℃;

2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2) → 2,2-dibromo-1,1,1-trifluoro-ethane (354-30-3)

Conditions	Yield
With bromine at 500℃;

2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2) → 1,1,1-tribromotrifluoroethane (354-48-3)

Conditions	Yield
With bromine at 600℃;

2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2) → 1,1,2,2-tetrafluorocyclobutane (374-12-9)

Conditions	Yield
at 820℃;

Upstream product

• 93-58-3 benzoic acid methyl ester 
• 54128-17-5 trifluoromethanide 
• 374-07-2 1,1-dichlorotetrafluoroethane 
• 2516-99-6 3,3,3-Trifluoropropionic acid 
• 75-88-7 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane 
• 74-87-3 methylene chloride 
• 76-13-1 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane 
• 3518-66-9 1-chloro-ethanesulfonyl chloride 
• 75-37-6 1,1-difluoroethane 
• 75-68-3 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane 
• 75-35-4 1,1-Dichloroethylene 
• 71-55-6 1,1,1-trichloroethane 
• 64-19-7 acetic acid 
• 407-25-0 trifluoroacetic anhydride 

Downstream Products

• 75-38-7 Vinylidene fluoride 
• 64-19-7 acetic acid 
• 354-58-5 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane 
• 75-88-7 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane 
• 306-83-2 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,2-dichloroethane 
• 354-33-6 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane 
• 33953-86-5 trifluoroacetaldehyde hydrate 
• 7664-39-3 hydrogen fluoride 
• 1645-83-6 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-propene 
• 74-85-1 ethene 
• 75-46-7 trifluoromethan 
• 2713-09-9 fluoroethyne 
• 421-06-7 2-bromo-1,1,1-trifluoroethane 
• 75-82-1 1,2-dibromo-1,1-difluoroethane 

Relevant articles and documents

Direct Superacid-Promoted Difluoroethylation of Aromatics

Under superacid conditions, aromatic amines are directly and regioselectively 1,1-difluoroethylated. Low temperature in situ NMR studies confirmed the presence of benzylic α-fluoronium and α-chloronium ions as key intermediates in the reaction. This method has a wide substrate scope and can be applied to the late-stage functionalization of natural alkaloids and active pharmaceutical ingredients.

Improved Access to Organo-Soluble Di- and Tetrafluoridochlorate(I)/(III) Salts

A facile one-pot gram-scale synthesis of tetraalkylammonium tetrafluoridochlorate(III) [cat][ClF4] ([cat]=[NEt3Me]+, [NEt4]+) is described. An acetonitrile solution of the corresponding alkylammonium chloride salt is fluorinated with diluted fluorine at low temperatures. The reaction proceeds via the [ClF2]? anion which is structurally characterized for the first time. The potential application of [ClF4]? salts as fluorinating agents is evaluated by the reaction with diphenyl disulfide, Ph2S2, to pentafluorosulfanyl benzene, PhSF5. The CN moieties in acetonitrile and [B(CN)4]? are transferred in CF3 groups. Exposure of carbon monoxide, CO, leads to the formation of carbonyl fluoride, COF2, and elemental gold is dissolved under the formation of tetrafluoridoaurate [AuF4]?.