75-38-7

Basic information

• Product Name: 1,1-Difluoroethene
• Synonyms: Ethylene,1,1-difluoro- (8CI);1,1-Difluoroethene;1,1-Difluoroethylene;FC 1132a;Fluorovinylidene;Genetron 1132a;HFC 1132a;R 1132a;Vinylidene difluoride;Vinylidene fluoride
• CAS NO: 75-38-7
• Molecular Formula: C₂H₂F₂
• Molecular Weight: 64.03
• EINECS: 200-867-7
• Mol File: 75-38-7.mol
• Article Data: 74

Chemical Properties

• Melting Point: -144 °C
• Boiling Point: -83 °C
• Appearance: colorless gas
• Density: 0.95 g/cm³
• Vapor Pressure: 26200mmHg at 25°C
• Refractive Index: 1.264
• CAS DataBase Reference: 1,1-Difluoroethene(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: 1,1-Difluoroethene(75-38-7)
• EPA Substance Registry System: 1,1-Difluoroethene(75-38-7)

Safety Data

• Statements: R12:Extremely flammable.
• Safety Statements: S16:Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking.; S33:Take precautionary measures against static discharges.
• RIDADR: 1959
• HazardClass: 2.1
• Hazardous Substances Data: 75-38-7(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

General Description

1,1-Difluoroethene, also known as vinylidene fluoride, is a colorless and flammable gas with a slightly sweet odor. It is a halogenated organic compound that contains two fluorine atoms and is used primarily in the production of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) resin, a material known for its high resistance to chemicals, heat, and weathering. 1,1-Difluoroethene is also utilized in the manufacturing of fluoropolymers, which are commonly used in electrical insulation, chemical processing equipment, and automotive components due to their exceptional thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties. Additionally, 1,1-Difluoroethene is considered a low-toxicity compound and does not pose significant environmental or health risks when handled and used properly.

Synthetic route

β,β,β-trifluoroethyl phenyl sulfone (56354-44-0) → Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7)

Conditions	Yield
With chloro-trimethyl-silane; magnesium In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 0.25h;	100%

1,1,2-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)cyclobutane (49852-57-5) → Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) + 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-propene (754-12-1)

Conditions	Yield
at 800℃; for 7.83h; Inert atmosphere;	A 97% B 81%

1-Chloro-2,2-difluoroethene (359-10-4) → polytetrafluoroethylene (116-14-3) + Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) + 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene (359-11-5)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen sulfide Product distribution; Irradiation; added CH3OH or alone;	A 6% B 82% C 12%

3-iodooxetane (26272-85-5) + 4-biphenylboronic acid (5122-94-1) → Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) + 3-([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)oxetane + C16H18O2

Conditions	Yield
With potassium phosphate; [(2,2''-bipyridine)Ni(CH2CF3)2] In 1,2-dimethoxyethane at 80℃; Suzuki Coupling;	A n/a B 57% C n/a

methylene chloride (74-87-3) + Octafluorocyclobutane (115-25-3) → polytetrafluoroethylene (116-14-3) + Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7)

Conditions	Yield
at 250 - 800℃; under 150.015 Torr;	A 56.2% B n/a

diazomethane (186581-53-3, 908094-01-9) + thiocarbonyl fluoride (420-32-6) → Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7)

Conditions	Yield
In diethyl ether -30°C;	56%

1-chloro-2,2-difluoroethane (338-65-8) → Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) + 1,2-difluoroethene (1691-13-0) + 1-chloro-2-fluoroethylene (460-16-2)

Conditions	Yield
at 650℃; Activation energy; Product distribution; Further Variations:; Temperatures;	A 32% B 53% C 13%
at 650℃;	A 32% B 53% C 13%

methyl bromide (74-83-9) + Chlorodifluoromethane (75-45-6) → polytetrafluoroethylene (116-14-3) + methylene chloride (74-87-3) + methane (34557-54-5) + Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7)

Conditions	Yield
at 499.84 - 849.84℃; under 757.576 Torr; Further byproducts.;	A n/a B n/a C n/a D 53%

perfluoro(N,N-dimethyl trifluorovinylamine) (13821-49-3) → trifluoromethan (75-46-7) + Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) + Hexafluoroethane (76-16-4) + trifluoromethyl isocyanate (460-49-1) + perfluoro(2-aza-1-hexene) (559-93-3)

Conditions	Yield
With toluene pyrolysis 610°C, contact time 0.66 sec, further product;	A n/a B n/a C n/a D n/a E 46%
With toluene pyrolysis 610°C, contact time 0.66 sec, further product;	A n/a B n/a C n/a D n/a E 46%

methane (34557-54-5) + Octafluorocyclobutane (115-25-3) → polytetrafluoroethylene (116-14-3) + perfluoropropylene (116-15-4) + Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) + 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-propene (754-12-1) + 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene (359-11-5)

Conditions	Yield
at 250 - 800℃; under 150.015 Torr; for 0.000175h; Temperature;	A 45.8% B 7.4% C 10.4% D 8.4% E 9.5%

2,2,2-trifluoroethyl phenyl sulfoxide (79695-52-6) → Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7)

Conditions	Yield
With chloro-trimethyl-silane; magnesium In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 8h;	20%

1,1-difluoroethane (75-37-6) → Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7)

Conditions	Yield
With Dichlorodifluoromethane; chlorine at 650℃;
With chlorine at 610℃;

methane (34557-54-5) + Dichlorodifluoromethane (75-71-8) → Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7)

Conditions	Yield
With platinum rhodium at 800℃;

2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (420-46-2) → Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) + 1,1,2,2-tetrafluorocyclobutane (374-12-9)

Conditions	Yield
at 750 - 910℃;

1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (75-68-3) → 1,1-difluorotetrachloroethane (76-11-9) + 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane (1649-08-7) + Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) + 1,1,2-trichloro-2,2-difluoroethane (354-21-2)

Conditions	Yield
at 420℃; bei der Chlorierung: Produkt 5: 2.2-Difluor-1.1-dichlor-aethylen;

1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (75-68-3) → Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7)

Conditions	Yield
In gas at 24.9℃; Quantum yield; Irradiation; photodecomposition; enthalpy of reaction;
at 600℃; beim Leiten durch ein Platinrohr;
With tetrachloromethane at 550℃; ueber Nickelspiralen;

2-bromo-1,1-difluoroethane (359-07-9) + sodium methylate (124-41-4) → 2,2-difluoroethyl methyl ether (461-57-4) + Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7)

2-bromo-1,1-difluoroethane (359-07-9) → 2,2-difluoroethyl ethyl ether (372-55-4) + Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7)

Conditions	Yield
With potassium ethoxide
With sodium ethanolate

1,1,1-trifluoro-2-iodoethane (353-83-3) → Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7)

Conditions	Yield
With diethyl ether; magnesium

1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane (1649-08-7) → Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen at 500℃; ueber Nickelspiralen;
With acetamide; zinc; butan-1-ol at 50℃;
With acetamide; sodium iodide; zinc at 145℃; Reagens 4: 2-Aethyl-hexanol-(1);
With hydrogen at 550℃; under 760.051 Torr; Product distribution / selectivity; Autoclave;

1,2-dibromo-1,1-difluoroethane (75-82-1) → Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7)

Conditions	Yield
With diethyl ether; phenylmagnesium bromide
With formic acid; tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) dichloride hexahydrate; triethylamine In dimethyl sulfoxide for 0.5h; Irradiation; Inert atmosphere;	10 %Spectr.

1-bromo-1,1-difluoro-2-iodoethane (420-93-9) → 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-iodoethane (353-83-3) + Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7)

Conditions	Yield
With mercury(I) fluoride at 140℃;

1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-3-methylenecyclobutane (422-15-1) → Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) + 1,1-difluoroallene (430-64-8)

Conditions	Yield
at 800℃; Hochvakuum;

Ketene (463-51-4) + polytetrafluoroethylene (116-14-3) → Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) + 1,1-dihydrotetrafluorocyclopropane (3899-71-6)

Conditions	Yield
With oxygen under 67 Torr; Rate constant; Ambient temperature; Irradiation; or 139 torr, or 361 torr; 0-7.2 kV/cm electric field effect;
With oxygen under 65.9 - 1837.9 Torr; Rate constant; Mechanism; Product distribution; Irradiation;
With oxygen Irradiation;

Hexafluorobenzene (392-56-3) + methane (34557-54-5) → Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) + Pentafluorobenzene (363-72-4) + 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorotoluene (771-56-2) + acetylene (74-86-2)

Conditions	Yield
Mechanism; Thermodynamic data; Irradiation; ΔH (excit.),;	A n/a B n/a C 4 % Chromat. D n/a

methylene chloride (74-87-3) + Chlorodifluoromethane (75-45-6) → polytetrafluoroethylene (116-14-3) + methane (34557-54-5) + trifluoromethan (75-46-7) + Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) + 1,1,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene (4556-24-5)

Conditions	Yield
at 950℃; for 5.55556E-05h; Product distribution; other temperatures, other contact times;	A 0.9 % Chromat. B 4.5 % Chromat. C 7.8 % Chromat. D 21.9 % Chromat. E 1.3 % Chromat.

methylene chloride (74-87-3) + Chlorodifluoromethane (75-45-6) → polytetrafluoroethylene (116-14-3) + methane (34557-54-5) + Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) + 1,1,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene (4556-24-5)

Conditions	Yield
at 650℃; for 5.55556E-05h; Product distribution; other temperatures, other contact times;	A 11.2 % Chromat. B 3.2 % Chromat. C 5.0 % Chromat. D 1.6 % Chromat.

methylene chloride (74-87-3) + Chlorodifluoromethane (75-45-6) → polytetrafluoroethylene (116-14-3) + 1,1,2-Trifluoroethan (430-66-0) + Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) + 1,1,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene (4556-24-5) + 1-Chloro-1,1,3,3-tetrafluoropropane (2730-64-5) + 1,3,3-Trifluoropropyne (122607-48-1)

Conditions	Yield
Product distribution; Heating; various temperatures, various contact times;

Carbonyl fluoride (353-50-4) + methyltrifluorosilane (373-74-0) → Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7)

Conditions	Yield
With nitrogen trifluoride at 25℃; pulsed ion cyclotron resonance experiment;

Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) → 2,2-difluoro vinyllithium (78315-30-7)

Conditions	Yield
With sec.-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran at -110℃;	100%
With n-butyllithium In diethyl ether; pentane

Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) + n-perfluorohexyl iodide (355-43-1) → 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,8,8-pentadecafluoro-8-iodooctane (53826-16-7)

Conditions	Yield
Heating;	100%
at 180℃;

Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) + 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropanol (76-37-9) → C5H6F6O (1201897-09-7)

Conditions	Yield
With potassium hydroxide In water at 75 - 80℃; under 6000.6 Torr; Inert atmosphere; Autoclave;	99.8%

Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) → 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoro-2-iodoethane (463-99-0)

Conditions	Yield
With Iodine monochloride at 45℃; for 15h; Temperature; Inert atmosphere; Large scale;	99%
With Iodine monochloride at 40℃; Darkness; Autoclave;	75%
With Iodine monochloride unter Lichtausschluss;

Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) + perfluoro(2,4-dimethyl-3-oxa-2,4-diazapentane) (6141-72-6) → O-[2-(Bis-trifluoromethyl-amino)-1,1-difluoro-ethyl]-N,N-bis-trifluoromethyl-hydroxylamine

Conditions	Yield
for 48h; Ambient temperature; in vacuo;	99%

diazomethane (186581-53-3, 908094-01-9) + Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) + tributyltin chloride (1461-22-9) → 4-fluoro-5-(tributylstannyl)-1H-pyrazole (853180-40-2)

Conditions	Yield
With n-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran sec-BuLi added in THF at -78°C, stirred for 10 min, F2CCH2 added at -105°C, warmed to -70°C, Sn compd. added dropwise, warmed to -30°C, diazomethane added, warmed to room temp.; water and hexane added, extd. (hexane/ether=3:1), elem. anal.;	98%

tricyclohexylphosphine[1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidine][benzylidene]ruthenium(II) dichloride (246047-72-3) + Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) → 1,3-bis-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2-imidazolidinylidene-dichloro(phenylmethylene)-(tricyclohexyl-phosphine)difluoromethylene ruthenium

Conditions	Yield
In benzene under 1140.08 Torr; for 12h; Heating;	98%
In benzene soln. of Ru(Cl)2(P(C6H11)3)(CH(C6H5))(C3H5N2(C6H2(CH3)3)2) in dry degassed benzene in thick-walled glass ampule put under approx. 1.5 atm of 1,1-difluoroethylene; mixt. heated at 60°C for 12 h; color changed from reddish to brown; soln. concd. and purifed by column chromy. in air (silica gel, 5:1 pentane:THF); orange fraction stripped of solvent; dried under vac.;	86%
In benzene-d6 at 60℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 12h;
In benzene-d6 at 60℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 12h;

Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) + tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)diphosphine (2714-60-5) → 1,2-Bis-(bis-trifluoromethyl-phosphanyl)-1,1-difluoro-ethane (34250-89-0)

Conditions	Yield
50°C (120 h);	97%
Irradiation (UV/VIS); 20°C (90 h);	72%
Irradiation;

Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) + bis-trifluoromethyl-aminooxyl (2154-71-4) → 1,2-Bis-(di-trifluormethyl-aminooxy)-1,1-difluor-ethan (24616-12-4)

Conditions	Yield
for 30h; Ambient temperature;	97%

Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) + chlorodifluoro acetate (71359-63-2) → Difluoro-acetic acid 2-chloro-1,1-difluoro-ethyl ester (72844-39-4)

Conditions	Yield
at -195 - 22℃;	95%

Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) + N-bromobis(trifluoromethyl)amine (758-43-0) → N.N-Bis-trifluormethyl-(2-brom-2.2-difluor-ethyl)-amin (5003-73-6)

Conditions	Yield
at 25°C for 0.5 h;	95%
at 25°C for 0.5 h;	95%

Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) → poly(vinylidene fluoride)

Conditions	Yield
With sodium 3-(allyloxy)-2-hydroxypropane-1-sulfonate; di-n-propyl peroxydicarbonate In water; paraffin wax at 82℃; under 33603.4 Torr; for 2.7h; Product distribution / selectivity;	94.4%
With sodium 3-(allyloxy)-2-hydroxypropane-1-sulfonate; dipotassium peroxodisulfate; sodium acetate In water at 80 - 82℃; under 33603.4 Torr; for 2.3 - 4.7h; Product distribution / selectivity;	90.6%
With dipotassium peroxodisulfate; sodium acetate In water; paraffin wax at 80 - 82℃; under 33603.4 Torr; for 2.2h; Product distribution / selectivity;	81.2%

Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) → 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (811-97-2)

Conditions	Yield
With xenon difluoride; silicon tetrafluoride at 20℃; for 6h; Fluorination;	94%
With sulfur tetrafluoride; lead dioxide at 100℃; for 2h;
With cobalt (III) fluoride at 125℃;

Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) + Trifluoracylhypochlorit (65597-25-3) → Trifluoro-acetic acid 2-chloro-1,1-difluoro-ethyl ester (72844-28-1)

Conditions	Yield
1.) -195 deg C, 2.) -150 deg C -> 22 deg C within 1d;	94%

Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) + trifluorormethanesulfonic acid (1493-13-6) → difluoroethyl trifluoromethane-sulfonate (73323-78-1)

Conditions	Yield
under 2964 Torr; for 3h;	94%

bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel (0) (1295-35-8) + Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) + phenyl isocyanate (103-71-9) + tricyclohexylphosphine (2622-14-2) → tricyclohexylphosphane-5-aza-2,2-difluoronickelacyclopentan-4-one

Conditions	Yield
In diethyl ether react. temp. -78 to -10°C, under exclusion of air; elem. anal.;	93.4%

Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) + bis(trifluoromethyl)phosphine (460-96-8) → 2,2-Difluoroaethyl-bis(trifluoromethyl)phosphin (27393-63-1)

Conditions	Yield
Irradiation (UV/VIS); time of irradiation:60 h at 30°C;	93%
for 60h; Irradiation;

Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) + Chlordifluoracylhypochlorit (68674-44-2) → Chloro-difluoro-acetic acid 2-chloro-1,1-difluoro-ethyl ester (72844-38-3)

Conditions	Yield
at -195 - 22℃;	93%

Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) + difluorodiiodomethane (1184-76-5) → 1,3-diiodo-1,1,3,3-tetrafluoropropane (58706-50-6)

Conditions	Yield
With lead(IV) acetate In acetic acid at 70℃; for 14h;	92%

bis(triphenylphosphine)ethylenenickel(0) (23777-40-4) + Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) → CH2CF2Ni(P(C6H5)3)2 (25397-20-0)

Conditions	Yield
In diethyl ether byproducts: ethylene; react. in ether at room temp.;;	92%
In diethyl ether byproducts: ethylene; react. in ether at room temp.;;	92%

Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) → 1,1-difluoroethylene oxide

Conditions	Yield
With 18-crown-6 ether; dihydrogen peroxide In dichloromethane at 120℃; under 30003 Torr; for 8h; Reagent/catalyst; Solvent; Pressure; Temperature; Autoclave; Sealed tube;	92%

Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) → fluoroethyne (2713-09-9)

Conditions	Yield
With sec.-butyllithium In neat (no solvent) Product distribution; -110 deg C then -80 deg C;	90%
With sec.-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran; diethyl ether at -110 - -100℃; for 0.166667h;
for 4h; Irradiation;
under 0.05 Torr; Irradiation; var. pressure;

Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) + trimethylstannane (1631-73-8) → 1,1-Difluor-2--ethan (25733-30-6)

Conditions	Yield
Irradiation (UV/VIS); UV-irradiation at 25°C for 4 h;;	90%
Irradiation (UV/VIS); UV-irradiation at 25°C for 4 h;;	90%
In not given Irradiation (UV/VIS);

1H-imidazole (288-32-4) + Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) → 1-(1,1-difluoroethyl)imidazole (943522-65-4)

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran; trifluoromethyl trifluorovinyl ether at 20 - 100℃; for 8h;	90%

N,N,N,N,-tetramethylethylenediamine (110-18-9) + Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) + zinc(II) chloride (7646-85-7) → 2,2-difluorovinylzinc chloride N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine

Conditions	Yield
With s-BuLi In tetrahydrofuran; diethyl ether; hexane to soln. of TMEDA in THF-Et2O at -110°C slowly added CF2CH2 (gas), stirring (5 min), to the soln. at -110°C slowly added s-BuLi inhexane, stirring (20 min), then ZnCl2 soln. in THF added to the mixt., stirring (-100°C, 30 min); (19)F NMR;	90%
Stage #1: N,N,N,N,-tetramethylethylenediamine; Vinylidene fluoride With sec.-butyllithium In tetrahydrofuran; diethyl ether at -110℃; for 0.333333h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: zinc(II) chloride In tetrahydrofuran-d8; diethyl ether at -100℃; for 0.5h;	95 %Spectr.

1-[4-(2-Butoxy-3,5-diisopropyl-phenyl)-quinolin-6-yl]-ethanone (460087-59-6) + Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) + sec.-butyllithium (598-30-1) → 3-[4-(2-butoxy-3,5-diisopropyl-phenyl)-quinolin-6-yl]-but-2(E)-enoic acid methyl ester (460087-60-9)

Conditions	Yield
With sulfuric acid In tetrahydrofuran; methanol; N,N',N''-triethylenephosphoramide; diethyl ether; cyclohexane	89%

bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel (0) (1295-35-8) + Vinylidene fluoride (75-38-7) + phenyl isocyanate (103-71-9) → triphenylphosphane-5-aza-2,2-difluoronickelacyclopentan-4-one

Conditions	Yield
With P(C6H5) In diethyl ether react. temp. -78 to 20°C, under exclusion of air; elem. anal.;	88%

Upstream product

• 34557-54-5 methane 
• 75-71-8 Dichlorodifluoromethane 
• 75-68-3 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane 
• 359-07-9 2-bromo-1,1-difluoroethane 
• 124-41-4 sodium methylate 
• 353-83-3 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-iodoethane 
• 1649-08-7 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane 
• 75-82-1 1,2-dibromo-1,1-difluoroethane 
• 420-93-9 1-bromo-1,1-difluoro-2-iodoethane 
• 353-50-4 Carbonyl fluoride 
• 373-74-0 methyltrifluorosilane 
• 406-95-1 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl acetate 
• 430-66-0 1,1,2-Trifluoroethan 
• 420-46-2 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 

Downstream Products

• 460-86-6 1,3-dibromo-1,1,3,3-tetrafluoro-propane 
• 371-83-5 1,5-dibromo-1,1,3,3,5,5-hexafluoro-pentane 
• 1479-17-0 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,4,4,6,6-heptafluoro-6-iodo-hexane 
• 428-77-3 1,6-dibromo-2-chloro-1,1,2,4,4,6,6-heptafluoro-hexane 
• 401-65-0 1,1,2,4,4-pentafluoro-4-iodo-but-1-ene 
• 75-37-6 1,1-difluoroethane 
• 420-43-9 1-bromo-1,1-difluoroethane 
• 420-46-2 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 
• 420-47-3 1,1-difluoro-1-iodoethane 
• 75-71-8 Dichlorodifluoromethane 
• 1649-08-7 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane 
• 463-99-0 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoro-2-iodoethane 
• 75-82-1 1,2-dibromo-1,1-difluoroethane 
• 79-35-6 1,1'-dichloro-2,2'-difluoroethene 

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Insertion reactions of difluorovinylidene 1b into H2, CH4, and CD4 have been observed in argon matrixes at 20-40 K. These reactions are controlled by diffusion of trapped species rather than by activation barriers, indicat

Highly Active Cross-Metathesis of Tetrafluoroethylene with a Seven-Membered N-Heterocyclic-Carbene-Ruthenium Catalyst

A drastic increase in catalyst turnover number (TON) was accomplished in the cross-metathesis of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) and vinyl ethers. Under a continuous flow of TFE, catalyst Ru7, which contains a seven-membered N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand, reached a TON of 4100; this is 2 orders of magnitude higher than the highest hitherto reported value. Mechanistic studies revealed that the expanded NHC successfully destabilizes the stable intermediates with a difluorocarbene structure, which strongly promotes the reaction.

Exploiting the trifluoroethyl group as a precatalyst ligand in nickel-catalyzed Suzuki-type alkylations

We report herein the exploitment of the partially fluorinated trifluoroethyl as precatalyst ligands in nickel-catalyzed Suzuki-type alkylation and fluoroalkylation coupling reactions. Compared with the [LnNiII(aryl)(X)] precatalysts, the unique characters of bis-trifluoroethyl ligands imparted precatalyst [(bipy)Ni(CH2CF3)2] with bench-top stability, good solubilities in organic media and interesting catalytic activities. Preliminary mechanistic studies reveal that an eliminative extrusion of a vinylidene difluoride (VDF, CH2CF2) mask from [(bipy)Ni(CH2CF3)2] is a critical step for the initiation of a catalytic reaction.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING OLEFIN

A method for producing at least one olefin compound selected from the group consisting of a compound of formula (51), a compound of formula (52), a compound of formula (53), and a compound of formula (54), the method including reacting an olefin compound of formula (21) with a olefin compound of formula (31) in the presence of at least one metal catalyst selected from the group consisting of a compound of formula (11), a compound of formula (12), a compound of formula (13), a compound of formula (14), and a compound of formula (15).