7718-98-1

Basic information

• Product Name: VANADIUM(III) CHLORIDE
• Synonyms: VANADIUM CHLORIDE;Vanadium(Ⅲ)chloride;VANADIUM(III) CHLORIDE;VANADIUM TRICHLORIDE;Vanadium chloride (VCl3);vanadiumchloride(vcl3);VCl3;Vanadiumchlorideanhydrous
• CAS NO: 7718-98-1
• Molecular Formula: Cl₃V
• Molecular Weight: 157.3
• EINECS: 231-744-6
• Product Categories: Vanadium Salts;Alternative Energy;Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry;CatalystsChemical Synthesis;Materials for Hydrogen Storage;Salts;VanadiumMetal and Ceramic Science;metal halide;Alternative Energy;Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry;Catalysts;Chemical Synthesis;Materials for Hydrogen Storage;Materials Science;Metal and Ceramic Science;Vanadium;Vanadium Salts
• Mol File: 7718-98-1.mol
• Article Data: 16

Chemical Properties

• Melting Point: 250 °C
• Appearance: Dark blue to violet to black/Powder
• Density: 3 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
• Storage Temp.: water-free area
• Solubility: Soluble in tetrahydrofuran, alcohol, ether and hydrocarbons.
• Water Solubility: decomposes in H2O; soluble alcohol, ether [HAW93]
• Sensitive: Moisture Sensitive
• CAS DataBase Reference: VANADIUM(III) CHLORIDE(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: VANADIUM(III) CHLORIDE(7718-98-1)
• EPA Substance Registry System: VANADIUM(III) CHLORIDE(7718-98-1)

Safety Data

• Hazard Codes: C
• Statements: 22-34
• Safety Statements: 26-27-28-36/39-45
• RIDADR: UN 2475 8/PG 3
• WGK Germany: 3
• RTECS: YW2800000
• F: 3-10
• TSCA: Yes
• HazardClass: 8
• PackingGroup: III
• Hazardous Substances Data: 7718-98-1(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Chemical Properties

Pink, deliquescent crystals. Decomposes on heating. Soluble in absolute alcohol and ether; decomposes in water.

Uses

Different sources of media describe the Uses of 7718-98-1 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Vanadium(III) chloride has been used as a catalyst for Biginelli condensation. As a reducing agent, it is capable of converting nitrate to nitrite in water samples, allowing for the direct detection of nitrates.
2. Preparation of vanadium dichloride and organovanadium compounds.

General Description

Vanadium trichloride acts as a reducing agent.

Air & Water Reactions

Deliquescent. Generates acid mists when exposed to moist air. Dissolves in water with formation of an acidic solution and generation of acidic fumes.

Reactivity Profile

VANADIUM(III) CHLORIDE attacks many organic compounds. Can catalyze organic reactions. Aqueous solutions react as acids to neutralize bases. These neutralizations generate heat, but less than is generated by neutralization of inorganic acids, inorganic oxoacids, and carboxylic acid. Combination of the trichloride with methylmagnesium iodide, or other Grignard type reagents, can be violently explosive under a variety of conditions, Chem. Rev., 1955, 55, 560.

Health Hazard

TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Reaction with water or moist air will release toxic, corrosive or flammable gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.

Fire Hazard

Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Vapors may accumulate in confined areas (basement, tanks, hopper/tank cars etc.). Substance will react with water (some violently), releasing corrosive and/or toxic gases and runoff. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water.

Flammability and Explosibility

Notclassified

Safety Profile

Poison by ingestion and subcutaneous routes. A corrosive irritant to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Extremely violent reaction with methyl magnesium iodide and other Grignard reagents. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of VOx and Cl-. See also VANADIUM COMPOUNDS and HYDROCHLORIC ACID.

InChI:InChI=1/3ClH.V/h3*1H;/q;;;+2/p-3

Synthetic route

vanadium hexacarbonyl (14024-00-1) + triphenyllead(IV) chloride (1153-06-6) → (C6H5)3PbV(CO)6 (89669-25-0) + vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1)

Conditions	Yield
In n-heptane byproducts: CO; under N2 or Ar, exclusion of light, stirred for 24 h at room temp.; filtered (VCl3), partial evapn. in vac. at room temp., cooled to -30°C overnight; elem. anal.;	A 60% B 99%

hydrogenchloride (7647-01-0) + bis(mesitylene)vanadium(0) (1272-71-5) → vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1)

Conditions	Yield
In n-heptane byproducts: 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, H2; under purified Ar atm.; soln. of V(η6-Me3C6H3)2 in heptane was treated with dry HCl; after 2 hs suspn. filtered; solid dried (vac.) at room temp.; elem. anal.;	98%

vanadiumtetrachloride (7632-51-1) → vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen sulfide In benzene treatment with H2S about 20 min at ambiente temp.;; washing pptn. with CCl4 and drying in vacuum at 2 torr and 150°C;;	98%
With HI In n-heptane treating a heptane soln. of VCl4 with dry HI; stirring, room temp., 15 h;; filtration; washing solid with heptane; heating, 50°C, 0.05mmHg, 4h; elem. anal.;;	97%
In neat (no solvent) decompn. about 50 h;; purifn. in vac.;;	90%

vanadium hexacarbonyl (14024-00-1) + trityl chloride (76-83-5) → hexaphenylethane (17854-07-8) + vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1)

Conditions	Yield
In n-heptane byproducts: CO; under Ar or N2, exclusion of light, stirred for 10 min at room temp.; observed by IR, removal of solvent in vac., extn. (toluene), VCl3 sepd. by filtration, soln. evapd. to dryness in vac. at room temp., washed with n-heptane (C2Ph6);	A 92% B 98%

vanadium hexacarbonyl (14024-00-1) + triphenyltin chloride (639-58-7) → (C6H5)3SnV(CO)6 (27323-98-4) + vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1)

Conditions	Yield
In n-heptane byproducts: CO; under N2 or Ar, exclusion of light, stirred for 24 h at room temp.; filtered (VCl3), partial evapn. in vac. at room temp., cooled to -30°C overnight;	A 76% B 97%

vanadium hexacarbonyl (14024-00-1) → vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen chloride In n-heptane byproducts: carbon monoxide, dihydrogen; under Ar or N2, exclusion of light, at -78°C, warmed to -40°C; pptn. filtered off at room temp.;	96%

(CO)4V(μ-PPh2)2V(CO)4 + chloro-diphenylphosphine (1079-66-9) → vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1) + Tetraphenyldiphosphin (1101-41-3)

Conditions	Yield
In n-heptane byproducts: CO; under Ar or N2, exclusion of light, refluxed for 4 h; filtered hot (VCl3), partial evapn. of solvent, cooled at -78°C (P2Ph4);	A 86% B 91%

thionyl chloride (7719-09-7) + vanadium(V) oxychloride (7727-18-6) → vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1)

Conditions	Yield
With N2H5Cl In tetrachloromethane heating 10 - 15 h under N2 at reflux;; heating with CS2; pptn. washing with CHCl3 and ether;;	90%
With N2H5Cl In tetrachloromethane heating 10 - 15 h under N2 at reflux;; heating with CS2; pptn. washing with CHCl3 and ether;;	90%
With toluene In neat (no solvent) heating SOCl2;;

triethylsilane (617-86-7) + vanadiumtetrachloride (7632-51-1) → triethylsilyl chloride (994-30-9) + vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1) + vanadium(II) chloride

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) in heating triethylsilane in 5 min;;	A 87% B n/a C n/a
In neat (no solvent) in heating triethylsilane in 5 min;;	A 87% B n/a C n/a

vanadium hexacarbonyl (14024-00-1) + chloro-diphenylphosphine (1079-66-9) → vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1) + Tetraphenyldiphosphin (1101-41-3)

Conditions	Yield
In n-heptane byproducts: CO; under Ar or N2, exclusion of light, stirred for 15 h at room temp.; observed by IR, removal of solvent in vac., extn. (toluene), VCl3 sepd. by filtration, soln. evapd. to dryness in vac. at room temp., washed with n-heptane (P2Ph4);	A n/a B 87%

vanadium hexacarbonyl (14024-00-1) + benzyl chloride (100-44-7) → vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1) + benzil (134-81-6)

Conditions	Yield
In n-heptane byproducts: CO; under Ar or N2, exclusion of light, stirred for 12 h at room temp.; observed by IR, removal of solvent in vac., extn. (toluene), VCl3 sepd. by filtration, soln. evapd. to dryness in vac. at room temp., washed with n-heptane (dibenzyl);	A n/a B 81%

thionyl chloride (7719-09-7) + vanadia → vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) in 24 h in sealed tube at 200°C;; removal of by-products on heating under N2;;	80%
In neat (no solvent) in 24 h in sealed tube at 200°C;; distn. SOCl2 in vac.; pptn. washed with CS2 and dried at 80°C in vac.;;	>99

vanadium hexacarbonyl (14024-00-1) + chlorobenzene (108-90-7) → biphenyl (92-52-4) + vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1)

Conditions	Yield
In n-heptane byproducts: CO; under Ar or N2, exclusion of light, stirred for 48 h at room temp.; observed by IR, removal of solvent in vac., extn. (toluene), VCl3 sepd. by filtration, soln. evapd. to dryness in vac. at room temp., washed with n-heptane (diphenyl);	A 80% B n/a

vanadium (7440-62-2) + chlorine (7782-50-5) → vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1)

Conditions	Yield
In gas vaporized V reacted with Cl2;	40%
In tetrachloromethane slow heating of V (purity 93%) with Cl2 in CCl4 at 100°C;;
In neat (no solvent) react. of V powder with gaseous Cl2 on strong heating;;

vanadium (7440-62-2) + Iodine monochloride (7790-99-0) → vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) heating under exclusion of moisture at reflux; extraction with freshly distd. CCl4 (over P2O5); filtration under N2;; pptn. washed with CCl4 and dried in vacuum;;
In melt byproducts: I2; melting of fine V-powder with an excess of ICl, react. starts even on slight warming;;	>99

sulfur dioxide (7446-09-5) + vanadiumtetrachloride (7632-51-1) → thionyl chloride (7719-09-7) + vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1)

Conditions	Yield
byproducts: VOCl3; 2 month;
byproducts: VOCl3; 2 month;

vanadium(V) oxychloride (7727-18-6) + sulfur (7704-34-9) → sulfur dioxide (7446-09-5) + vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) at 150°C;;
In neat (no solvent) at 150°C;;

disulfur dichloride (10025-67-9) + vanadium (7440-62-2) → vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) heating 8 h at 400°C in tube; washing with CS2 and heating at 150°C in vacuum;;	>99
In neat (no solvent) quant. react. of V-powder with S2Cl2 in a shooting tube at 400°C within 8 h;; solid VCl3 obtained;;	>99

vanadium (7440-62-2) + tin(IV) chloride (7646-78-8) + tin(ll) chloride → vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1) + vanadium(II) chloride

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) heating under back flow, 600°C;; mixture of VCl2 and VCl3 obtained;;

hydrogenchloride (7647-01-0) + vanadium (7440-62-2) → vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) at 300 - 400°C;;
In neat (no solvent) react. of V-powder with sharply dried, streaming HCl-gas at 300 to 400°C;; partially sublimating VCl3 obtained;;

hydrogenchloride (7647-01-0) + vanadium iron powder → vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1) + vanadium(II) chloride

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) reaction at 300-400 °C;;

thionyl chloride (7719-09-7) + vanadia → vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) heating 8 h under reflux;; washing with CS2 and drying in vac. at 120°C;;
In neat (no solvent) heating 8 h under reflux;; extraction with CS2;;

thionyl chloride (7719-09-7) + vanadium(IV) oxide → vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) heating under reflux;;
In neat (no solvent)
In neat (no solvent)

thionyl chloride (7719-09-7) + vanadium(IV) oxide → chlorine (7782-50-5) + vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) heating;;
In neat (no solvent) heating;;

thionyl chloride (7719-09-7) + vanadia → disulfur dichloride (10025-67-9) + vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) 200°C, 24 h; further byproducts: higher chlorides;;
In neat (no solvent) 200°C, 24 h; further byproducts: higher chlorides;;

perchloropropene (1888-71-7) + vanadia → vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1) + vanadiumtetrachloride (7632-51-1)

Conditions	Yield
In not given heating under reflux;;
In not given heating under reflux;;

disulfur dichloride (10025-67-9) + vanadia → vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) pure;;
heated; washed (CS2);
With sulfur In not given at 138°C; equimolar amounts;;

disulfur dichloride (10025-67-9) + vanadia → vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1) + vanadiumtetrachloride (7632-51-1) + vanadium(V) oxychloride (7727-18-6)

Conditions	Yield
In not given heating;;

vanadium(III) sulphide + chlorine (7782-50-5) → disulfur dichloride (10025-67-9) + vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1) + vanadiumtetrachloride (7632-51-1)

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) at higher temp.;;
In neat (no solvent) at higher temp.;;

disulfur dichloride (10025-67-9) + vanadiumtetrachloride (7632-51-1) → vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1)

Conditions	Yield
With carbon dioxide In neat (no solvent) heating under reflux in CO2 stream at 140 - 150°C;; drying under CO2;;
With chlorine In neat (no solvent) distn. of mixt. in Cl2 stream;; washing with ether;;
With CO2 In neat (no solvent) heating under reflux in CO2 stream at 140 - 150°C;; drying under CO2;;

methyl methylphenylphosphinate (6389-79-3) + vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1) → poly(vanadium methylphenylphosphinate)

Conditions	Yield
In further solvent(s) byproducts: MeCl; slow heating in neat Ph(Me)P(O)OMe until complete pptn.; particle size and polymerization degree depending on heating rate;	100%

1,4,7-trithiacyclononane (6573-11-1) + vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1) → V(III)(1,4,7-trithiacyclononane)Cl3

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran; dichloromethane N2-atmosphere; pptn. on addn. of VCl3 (in THF) to slight excess of ligand (in CH2Cl2); filtration, washing (CH2Cl2); elem. anal.;	100%

tetrahydrofuran (109-99-9) + vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1) + lithium chloride → (THF)2LiCl2VCl2(THF)2 C16H32Cl4LiO4V, monocline (372099-04-2)

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran 1 equiv. of LiCl and VCl3 were mixed in THF, reflux for 10 h, under Ar; crystn. at 20 °C for 3 days, elem. anal.;	99%

tetrahydrofuran (109-99-9) + vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1) → Vanadium (III) chloride-(tris-tetrahydrofuran) (131063-11-1, 16997-51-6, 19559-06-9)

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran heating overnight; hot filtration, crystn. at room temp.;	99%
With magnesium boiling for 8 hours in presence of Mg; exclusion of moisture (reaction under N2);; extraction with THF, evaporation and cooling to -10°C; washing with cold THF and recrystallization from THF;;
With Mg boiling for 8 hours in presence of Mg; exclusion of moisture (reaction under N2);; extraction with THF, evaporation and cooling to -10°C; washing with cold THF and recrystallization from THF;;
In tetrahydrofuran continuous extrn. with THF;

3,4-dicyanoaniline (56765-79-8) + vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1) → vanadyl tetra-4-ureidophthalocyanine

Conditions	Yield
With urea In quinoline stirred (205-210°C); elem.anal.;	98%

ammonium thiocyanate + vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1) → vanadium (III)-thiocyanate (7231-02-9)

Conditions	Yield
In hydrogenchloride extraction from 0.5n-HCl with 6M-NH4SCN with methyl isobutyl ketone;;	96%
In water soln. of V(SCN)3 obtained;;

vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1) → VCl2(C4OH8)2 (21729-44-2)

Conditions	Yield
With tetrahydrofuran; zinc In tetrahydrofuran a complexes was extracted twice in Soxhlet extractor for 3-4 days onto zinc, Ar atm.; filtration, washing a ppt. with THF, drying in vac.; elem. anal.;	96%

vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1) + tripotassium 1,4,7-tris-(5-t-butyl-2-hydroxylatobenzyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane (129865-73-2) → V((C2H4)3(NCH2C6H3(O)C(CH3)3)3) (129681-97-6)

Conditions	Yield
With triethyl amine In acetonitrile refluxing of VCl3 in MeCN (Ar atmosphere), addn. of org. compds.; pptn. on addn. of H2O; elem. anal.;	96%

5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-methylphenyl)porphyrin + vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1) → oxo-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-methylphenyl)porphyrinatovanadium(IV)

Conditions	Yield
With H2O; O2 In further solvent(s) byproducts: HCl; refluxed in water-free 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene for 2 h (under Ar); 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene removed in vac.; residue dissolved in dichloromethane; filtered; chromd. (Al2O3); solvent removed from single fraction obtained; dried in vac.;	96%

trifluorormethanesulfonic acid (1493-13-6) + vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1) → vanadium(III) triflate

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) (Ar); to VCl3 was added CF3SO3H and refluxed for 3 h, green solid formed; solid sepd. and dried in vac.; elem. anal.;	95%
With water byproducts: HCl; reaction of VCl3 with CF3SO3H in an O2-free glove box; treatment of the reaction mixt. with H2O distilled onto the mixt., removal of formed HCl and final vacuum drying, elem. anal.;
In trifluoroacetic acid mixt. of VCl3 in neat triflic acid heated at reflux under Ar; cooled to room temp., ppt. collected;

vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1) → vanadium (7440-62-2)

Conditions	Yield
With magnesium hydride In tetrahydrofuran byproducts: H2; (argon); grinding VCl3 and MgH2 in a mill, addn. of -70°C cold THF, then slow addn. of TiCl4, heating to reflux temp. under further grinding (5 h); washing (THF), drying (vac.);	94.4%
With sodium In neat (no solvent) reaction by redn. of solid VCl3 with Na in presence of CaCl2 in a bomb (vacuum or inert gas atmosphere), heating at light red heat for a period up to 3 hours;; 95% metallic V;;	93%
With hydrogen In neat (no solvent) reaction by redn. of VCl3 with H2 in a stepwise procedure;; metallic V obtained;;	90%

benzoin oxime (441-38-3) + vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1) → V2O4(H2O)2(C6H5C(O)C(O)C6H5)4

Conditions	Yield
With aq. NaOH In ethanol; water pH 2.5; heating (60-80°C, 10 min); elem. anal.;	92.7%

vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1) → vanadium(II) chloride

Conditions	Yield
With H2 In neat (no solvent) at 750°C;; 99.6% VCl2 unpured with 0.25% VCl3 and <0.1% Fe;;	92%
With tin byproducts: SnCl2; reaction at 16.2 and 58°C;;
With hydrogen In neat (no solvent) reaction started at 480°C;;

[2,2]bipyridinyl (366-18-7) + vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1) → V(2,2`-bipyridine)3 (14376-05-7)

Conditions	Yield
With sodium amalgam In tetrahydrofuran under oxygen-free nitrogen or argon or vac.; 2,2'-bpyridin was added toa suspn. of VCl3 and sodium amalgam in THF; after stirring for 24 h at room temp. and filtering, the soln. was reduced under vac.; diethyletherwas slowly added; ppt. was collected, washed with petroleum (b.p.40-60°C) and recrystd. from THF-diethylether;	92%

vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1) + N,N',N''-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane (96556-05-7) → trichloro(1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane)vanadium(III) (112087-96-4)

Conditions	Yield
In acetonitrile heating of a soln. of VCl3 in dry acetonitrile to reflux for 10 min; precipitation on cooling of the soln.; addn. of a CH3CN soln. of the organic compound to the mixture; heating to reflux for 30 min; precipitation;;	92%

4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-thioxo-2λ5-[1,3,2]dioxaphospholane-2-thiol (699-36-5) + vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1) → V[S2PO(C(CH3)2)2O]3 (532987-23-8)

Conditions	Yield
In benzene byproducts: HCl; exclusion of moisture; soln. of alkylene dithiophosphoric acid in C6H6 added dropwise with constant stirring to VCl3 in C6H6, molar ratio 3:1, refluxed for ca. 6 h; evapd. in vac., washed with n-hexane (several times), dried in vac.; elem. anal.;	92%

N,N,N,N,N,N-hexamethylphosphoric triamide (680-31-9) + vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1) → VCl3(((CH3)2N)3PO)3 (76077-70-8)

Conditions	Yield
In tetrahydrofuran (N2), VCl3 extracted into dry THF, organic compound added; collected, washed with n-hexane, pumped in vac. at room temp. for several hours; elem. anal.;	91%

2,2':6,2''-terpyridine (1148-79-4) + vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1) → V(III)(2,2':6',2''-terpyridine)Cl3 (64347-78-0)

Conditions	Yield
In acetonitrile (Ar); to soln. of VCl3 was added ligand, soln. stirred for 4 h, color then had charged from purple to brown; brown ppt. was sepd., washed with diethylether and dried in vac.; elem. anal.;	91%

vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1) + 1,4,7-tri(iso-propyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane (110076-36-3) → {V(C15H33N3)Cl3} (147185-97-5)

Conditions	Yield
In acetonitrile refluxing a suspension of VCl3 in dry CH3CN under argon; addn. of C15H33N3 in CH3CN; refluxing for 0.5 h;; pptn. on cooling to 20°C; elem. anal.;;	91%

vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1) + 1,4,7-triazacyclononane (4730-54-5) → (1,4,7-triazacyclononane)VCl3 (127133-03-3)

Conditions	Yield
In acetonitrile Ar-atmosphere; refluxing VCl3 to dissoln., addn. of ligand at 40°C, refluxing for 1 h; pptn. on cooling to 10°C, collection (filtration);	91%
In N,N-dimethyl-formamide addn. of ligand to soln. of VCl3, refluxing (1 h); pptn. on cooling (room temp.), filtration, washing (Et2O), drying (air); elem. anal.;	23%

niobium + rubidium chloride + niobium pentachloride (10026-12-7) + vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1) → RbVNb3Cl11

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) (Ar); sealed in a silica tube under vac., heated at 740°C for 1 wk followed by slow cooling to 550°C in 48 h; radiative cooling to room temp.;	90%

vanadium(III) chloride (7718-98-1) + 1,3,5-trimethyl-benzene (108-67-8) → bis(mesitylene)vanadium(0) (1272-71-5)

Conditions	Yield
With Al; AlCl3 In 1,3,5-trimethyl-benzene heating suspension of VCl3, Al powder and AlCl3 in mesitylene at 120-130°C for 2 h, under purified Ar atmosphere; addn. of heptane and THF at 20-25°C under vigorous stirring; mechanism discussed;; filtration after 3 h; removal of volatiles in vac. at 50°C; treating residue with heptane; filtration; washing carefully with heptane; cooling to -78°C;;	90%
With Al; AlCl3 In 1,3,5-trimethyl-benzene heating suspension of VCl3, Al powder and AlCl3 in mesitylene at 120-130°C for 2 h, under purified Ar atmosphere; addn. of heptane and DMF at 20-25°C under vigorous stirring; mechanism discussed;; filtration after 3 h; removal of volatiles in vac. at 50°C; treating residue with heptane; filtration; washing carefully with heptane; cooling to -78°C;;	70%
With AlBr3; Al In 1,3,5-trimethyl-benzene sublimation, recrystn. from pentane;	14%

Upstream product

• 7647-01-0 hydrogenchloride 
• 1272-71-5 bis(mesitylene)vanadium⁽⁰⁾ 
• 7440-62-2 vanadium 
• 7790-99-0 Iodine monochloride 
• 7446-09-5 sulfur dioxide 
• 7632-51-1 vanadiumtetrachloride 
• 1888-71-7 perchloropropene 
• 10025-67-9 disulfur dichloride 
• 7782-50-5 chlorine 
• 721945-53-5 C₆H₅VCl₃ 
• 10241-05-1 molybdenum(V) chloride 
• 14024-00-1 vanadium hexacarbonyl 
• 639-58-7 triphenyltin chloride 
• 7646-78-8 tin(IV) chloride 

Downstream Products

• 10049-12-4 vanadium(III) fluoride 
• 7783-72-4 vanadium pentafluoride 
• 14333-18-7 orthovanadate 
• 7732-18-5 water 
• 16887-00-6 chloride 
• 24203-36-9 potassium ion 
• 7632-51-1 vanadiumtetrachloride 
• 7440-62-2 vanadium 
• 7727-18-6 vanadium(V) oxychloride 
• 20644-87-5 (hexacarbonyl)vanadinate^(1-) 
• 22537-31-1 vanadium⁽⁵⁺⁾ 
• 131063-11-1 Vanadium (III) chloride-(tris-tetrahydrofuran) 
• 7440-22-4 silver 
• 20742-99-8 tetraphenyl arsenium (tetrachloro bis-acetonitrile vanadate (III)) 

Relevant articles and documents

Vanadium selenoether and selenolate complexes, potential single-source precursors for CVD of VSe2 thin films

Reactions of VCl4 with one mol equiv. of L-L (L-L = MeSe(CH 2)2SeMe, MeSe(CH2)3SeMe, nBuSe(CH2)2SenBu) in anhydrous CH2Cl2 solution at

The unexpected formation of MB2 layers (M = refractory metal) on metal surfaces

The reactions between refractory metals (Ti, Zr, V, Nb, Ta, Mo, W) and BCl3 vapour at high temperatures have been studied. For this purpose, the metal wires were heated up by an electrical current in a BCl3 atmosphere for a couple of hours. Optical and X-ray diffraction methods were used to analyze the solid products, whereas mass spectrometry was used to study the gas phase composition. In the reactions with Ti, Zr, V, Nb and Ta, we observed the formation of MB2 layers on the metal surfaces. Molybdenum reacted with formation of MoB, with tungsten no reaction was observed at all. This is contrary to the thermodynamic expectations. The mechanism of the coating process is discussed from a thermodynamic viewpoint. In the course of reactions between refractory metals (Ti, Zr, V, Nb, Ta) with boron(III) chloride at temperatures of about 1500 K, layers of the diborides of these metals are formed. The coexistence of the refractory metal with its diboride is impossible from a thermodynamic viewpoint. The formation of metal diborides in the presence of the metal is discussed. Copyright

Crystal structures of SbCl5, VCl4, and VOCl 3

The crystal structure is determined for the first time for VCl4 and refined for SbCl5 and VOCl3 by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystalline SbCl5, VCl4, and VOCl3 have molecular structures. An SbCl5 molecule is a trigonal bipyramid with Sb-Cl(eq) and Sb-Cl(ax) distances of 2.274(3) and 2.332(5) ?, respectively. A VCl4 molecule, being an almost regular tetrahedron, is characterized by an averaged V-Cl distance of 2.130(1) ?. The V-O and V-Cl distances in a VOCl3 molecule are 1.570(2) and 2.131(1) ?, respectively. The geometric parameters of the molecules are compared to the data obtained using gas electron diffraction. Copyright