82-71-3Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Measurement, correlation of solubility and thermodynamic properties analysis of 2,4,6-trinitroresorcinol hydrate in pure and binary solvents
Xue, Mei,Huang, Dao-zhen,Yang, Kai-xin,Chen, Li-zhen,Zheng, Zhi-hua,Xiang, Yong,Huang, Qing-wu,Wang, Jian-long
, (2021)
The solubility of 2,4,6-trinitroresorcinol hydrate (TNR?2/3H2O) in the pure solvents (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and water) and the binary mixed solvents (methanol-water, ethanol-water and isopropanol-water) was measured by the laser dynamic method from 298.15 K to 323.15 K under the atmospheric pressure. The TNR?2/3H2O do not change before and after the solubility measurement in the selected solvents. The solubility increases with the increase of the temperature, and methanol is more suitable for the cooling crystallization of TNR?2/3H2O. In the pure solvents, the solubility order at the same temperature is: methanol > ethanol > isopropanol > water, which may be affected by the properties (such as hydrogen bond, polarity, dielectric constant, cohesive energy density etc.) of the alcohol solvents, self-association of water molecules, the hydrophobic wing of the TNR?2/3H2O and so on. In the mixed solvents, the solubility has different sensitivity to the content of organic components (x2) in the solvent. The possible reason is that: the interaction between solvent and solvent plays an important role (the formation of azeotropic mixtures of alcohols and water, the interaction between water and alcohol solvents, the properties of the solvents etc.). The solubility data of TNR?2/3H2O were compared with that of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) that have been reported. It can be found that the solubility of TNP is always greater than that of TNR?2/3H2O with the same solvent and temperature, and x2 = 0.63–0.69 (ethanol-water) and x2 ≈ 0.73 (isopropanol-water) are more suitable as the solvents for solution crystallization to separate TNR?2/3H2O from the mixture of TNP and TNR?2/3H2O. The experimental mole fraction solubility data (xexp) of TNR?2/3H2O were correlated by the modified Apelblat, Van't Hoff, CNIBS R-K, and Jouyban-Acree-modified Apelblat model. All of these models give satisfactory results, and the Van't Hoff model has better correlation and helps to expand the solubility data of TNR?2/3H2O. The thermodynamic properties during the dissolution process were analyzed based on the Van't Hoff. And the dissolution of TNR?2/3H2O in the solvents used is considered to be an “endothermic, non-spontaneous and entropy-driven” process and the enthalpy is the main contributor to the Gibbs free energy in the process of dissolution.
Energetic ionic salt of 3, 5-dihydroxy-2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene derivative and preparation method thereof
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Paragraph 0045-0047, (2021/08/19)
The invention relates to the technical field of compound preparation, and discloses energetic ionic salt of a 3, 5-dihydroxy-2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene derivative and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following preparation processes: (1) preparing the 3, 5-dihydroxy-2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene derivative; and (2) adding one of alkali, salt or oxide into the solution of the 3, 5-dihydroxy-2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene derivative for reaction, filtering and drying to obtain the energetic ionic salt of the 3, 5-dihydroxy-2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene derivative. The 3, 5-dihydroxy-2, 4, 6-trinitroaniline is prepared through nitration and amination reactions, and the method has the advantages that the synthesis method is simple and convenient, the obtained product is easy to purify, few byproducts are generated and the like; the 3, 5-dihydroxy 2, 4, 6-trinitrofluorobenzene, 3, 5-dihydroxy 2, 4, 6-trinitrochlorobenzene and 3, 5-dihydroxy 2, 4, 6-trinitrobromobenzene which are synthesized for the first time have high yield and purity, and further purification is not needed; and the prepared energetic ionic salt is excellent in performance and has potential application value in the fields of weapons, spaceflight, civil perforating bullets and the like.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of Pentanitrobenzene C6H(NO2)5
Huber, Tanja,von der Heide, Chantal,Klap?tke, Thomas M.,Krumm, Burkhard
, p. 126 - 132 (2019/01/04)
The synthesis of the polynitroaromatic compound pentanitrobenzene was re-examined by modern spectroscopic, structural and physicochemical methods. Originally prepared in 1979, this material could exhibit interesting properties as an oxygen-rich energetic building block. The energies of formation were calculated with the GAUSSIAN program package and the detonation parameters were predicted using the EXPLO5 computer code. The performance data were determined and compared to the common oxidizer ammonium perchlorate. The crystal structure of pentanitrobenzene was determined by X-ray crystallography, and those of 2,3,4,6-tetranitroaniline and styphnic acid (trinitroresorcinol) were re-determined.
Studies on synthesis, structural, luminescent and thermal properties of a new non-linear optical crystal: 4-amino-4H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ium-3-hydroxy-2,4,6-trinitrophenolate
Dhamodharan,Sathya,Dhandapani
, p. 33 - 40 (2016/12/26)
A new organic proton transfer complex having NLO activity, 4-amino-4H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ium-3-hydroxy-2,4,6-trinitrophenolate (ATHTP), was crystallized to investigate the factors which stabilize the structure of the crystal. The compound crystallizes in triclinic system with space group P-1. Elemental analysis, thermal analysis, UV–Vis–NIR, FT-IR and NMR spectral analyses were carried out to characterize the crystal. Optical, spectral and thermal properties of the title crystal were analyzed to recommend the material for optical applications. Z-scan was used to measure the effective third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility and nonlinear refractive index. The crystal structure was determined using single crystal XRD method and the structure was optimized using Gaussian 09 program at B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of basis set. This hydrogen bond interactions led to the increase in first-order hyperpolarizability of ATHTP and was 30 times greater than that of urea. Hirshfeld analyses surface analysis was carried out to explore intermolecular interactions in the crystalline state.
Systematic evaluation of a new organic material: 1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-1,3-bis(olate) for optoelectronics through spectral, structural, electrical, optical, quantum chemical and Hirshfeld surface studies
Dhamodharan,Sathya,Dhandapani
, p. 175 - 184 (2017/02/05)
A new organic material, 1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-1,3-bis(olate) (MITB), was synthesized and crystallized by solution growth-slow evaporation technique at ambient temperature. The characteristic functional groups in MITB were identified from FT-IR spectrum. 1H, 13C and DEPT-135 NMR spectroscopic techniques were used to ascertain types of carbons and protons in MITB. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system with a space group of P21/c. The electrostatic attraction between anions and cations stabilizes the crystal lattice and the N-H…O and C-H…O hydrogen bonds linking the cations and anions supplement the stable three dimensional networks. The material was thermally stable up to 178 °C. The molecular structure was optimized by Gaussian 09 program at B3LYP/6–311++G(d,p) level of basis set. Hydrogen bonding interactions are responsible for greater hyperpolarizability value of MITB and the value was found to be 34 times greater than that of reference material, urea. HOMO-LUMO, electrostatic potential surface and Mulliken atomic charges were calculated to explore covalent and non covalent interactions present in MITB. Hirshfeld surface analysis was carried out to estimate prominent covalent and non covalent interactions. Dielectric constant and dielectric loss have been determined to find MITB's suitability for optoelectronic applications.
Catalytic reduction of nitro aromatic compounds with hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide
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, (2008/06/13)
In the reduction of di- or polynitro aromatic compounds by gaseous H2 S over a solid catalyst, addition of CO gas promotes formation of amino groups from all nitro groups in the molecule. A preferred embodiment is reduction of 2,4- and/or 2,6-dinitrotoluene in vapor phase at 325° C. over a supported iron or supported cobalt catalyst on a support comprising alumina. The amino products are useful for production of polyurethane resins.
Mono- and dinitrodihydroxydiazobenzenes
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, (2008/06/13)
Metallic or ammonium salts of diazotized mono or dinitrodihydroxyaminobenzenes are disclosed wherein the corresponding aminonitrodihydroxybenzene has the formula STR1 where n equals 1 or 2. The amino group is diazotized to form the diazotized mono or dinitrodihydroxyaminobenzene from which the metallic or ammonium salt is formed. Disclosed in the application are metallic or ammonium salts of diazotized mono or dinitrodihydroxyaminobenzenes, processes for their preparation and their use as igniting agents for priming compositions and explosives.
