10025-85-1Relevant articles and documents
Chapin, R. M.
, p. 912 - 920 (1931)
Noyes, W. A.
, p. 2173 - 2173 (1920)
Electrochemical behavior of chloramines on the rotating platinum and gold electrodes
Piela, Barbara,Wrona, Piotr K.
, p. E255-E265 (2003)
Electroreduction of chloramines (mono-, di-, and trichloramine) in 1 M NH4Cl solutions of different pH was investigated at the rotating platinum and gold electrodes. It was found that all chloramines are present in the solution in nonprotonated forms and give well-formed one-step or two-step current-potential waves. The final products of reduction are ammonium (or ammonia) and chloride ions. Monochloramine is reduced in a single two-electron irreversible wave. Hydrazine is not an intermediate in monochloramine reduction. Dichloramine reduction generally proceeds in two two-electron steps (via monochloramine). Below pH 4.3 a kinetic current due to the protonated dichloramine reduction (single four-electron wave) is in force, appearing as an increase of the height of the first step on lowering pH. Due to this process below pH 2.5 only one four-electron reduction wave is observed. Trichloramine reduction occurs in two steps: two-electron trichloramine to dichloramine reduction and four-electron dichloramine reduction. In strong acidic solutions the kinetic current due to the protonated trichloramine reduction has to be taken into account. A reaction mechanism common for all chloramines was proposed with [NXCl·] as an intermediate (X = H2, HCl, and Cl2 for mono-, di-, and trichloramine, respectively). The rate-determining step does not involve proton transfer.
Mulliken, R. S.
, p. 349 (1924)
Dowell, C. T.
, p. 124 (1919)
Chattaway, F. D.
, p. 464 - 466 (1909)
Griffiths, J. G. A.,Norrish, R. G. W.
, p. 451 - 458 (1931)
Noyes, W. A.,Haw
, p. 2167 - 2167 (1920)
Chattaway, F. D.
, p. 235 - 238 (1909)
The role of cobalt oxide or magnesium oxide in ozonation of ammonia nitrogen in water
Anggo Krisbiantoro, Philip,Togawa, Tomokazu,Mahardiani, Lina,Aihara, Haruka,Otomo, Ryoichi,Kamiya, Yuichi
, (2020/03/23)
In this study, the reaction mechanisms for ozonation of ammonia nitrogen in the presence of Co3O4 or MgO were investigated. For the reaction over Co3O4, Cl– in the reaction solution was indispensable and ClO– was formed by a non-catalytic oxidation of Cl–. Co3O4 promoted the reaction of NH4+ with ClO– to give the products including NO3–, chloramines and gaseous products. In contrast, Cl– was unnecessary for the reaction with MgO. pH of the reaction solution was maintained at around 9 throughout the reaction owing to partial dissolution of MgO. Ammonia nitrogen was decomposed to mainly NO3– by non-catalytic radical reaction involving OH·, which was formed by the reaction of OH– with O3 in weakly basic solution. To keep the reaction solution weakly basic, H+ formed with the decomposition of NH4+ was neutralized. As a result, about the same amount of Mg2+ as that of decomposed ammonia nitrogen was dissolved.