Syntheses and Characterization of Zinc, Cadmium, and Mercury(II) Complexes with N-(2-pyridyl)carbonylaniline (L), X-ray Crystal Structure of [Hg(L)(SCN)2]

Article abstract of DOI:10.1002/zaac.200300159

The reaction of N-(2-pyridyl)carbonylaniline (L) with Zn(NO ₃)₂, CdCl₂, and Hg(SCN)₂ gives the following complexes: [Zn(L)₂](NO₃)₂, [Cd(L)₂Cl₂], and [Hg(L)(SCN)₂]. The new complexes were characterized by elemental analyses and IR-, ¹H-, ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy. The crystal structure of the [Hg(L)(SCN) ₂] was determined by single crystal X-ray analysis. The monomeric complex is built up of a Hg(SCN)₂ unit with one N-(2-pyridyl) carbonylaniline (L) ligand coordinated to the Hg atom via the ring pyridinic nitrogen atom and the carbonyl oxygen atom forming a five-membered chelate ring. The Hg atom has a distorted tetrahedral environment. There is π-π stacking interaction between the parallel aromatic rings belonging to adjacent chain as planar species in which the mean molecular planes are close to parallel and separated by a distance of ～ 3.5 A, close to that of the planes in graphite. The coordinated N-(2-pyridyl)carbonylaniline (L) molecule is involved in hydrogen bonding acting as hydrogen-bond donors with S and N atoms from SCN^- ligand as potential hydrogen-bond acceptors. There is a shortest intermolecular contacts between the S and N atoms. The hydrogen bonding and shortest intermolecular contacts between the S and N atoms yields infinite chains parallel to the crystallographic vector c. Each molecule is bonded to two neighbors.

Full text of DOI:10.1002/zaac.200300159

Syntheses and Characterization of Zinc, Cadmium, and Mercury(II) Complexes
with N-(2-pyridyl)carbonylaniline (L), X-ray Crystal Structure of
[Hg(L)(SCN)2]
Ali Morsali*,a, Ali Ramazanib, Ali Reza Mahjouba, and Ali Akbar Soudib
a Tehran / I.R. Iran, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tarbiat Modarres University
b Zanjan / I.R. Iran, Department of Chemistry, University of Zanjan
Received May 5th, 2003.
˚
Abstract. The reaction of N-(2-pyridyl)carbonylaniline (L) with
Zn(NO3)2, CdCl2, and Hg(SCN)2 gives the following complexes:
[Zn(L)2](NO3)2, [Cd(L)2Cl2], and [Hg(L)(SCN)2]. The new com-
rated by a distance of ϳ 3.5 A, close to that of the planes in gra-
phite. The coordinated N-(2-pyridyl)carbonylaniline (L) molecule
is involved in hydrogen bonding acting as hydrogen-bond donors
with S and N atoms from SCNϪ ligand as potential hydrogen-bond
acceptors. There is a shortest intermolecular contacts between the
S and N atoms. The hydrogen bonding and shortest intermolecular
contacts between the S and N atoms yields infinite chains parallel
to the crystallographic vector c. Each molecule is bonded to two
neighbors.
1
plexes were characterized by elemental analyses and IR-, H-, 13C-
NMR spectroscopy. The crystal structure of the [Hg(L)(SCN)2] was
determined by single crystal X-ray analysis. The monomeric com-
plex is built up of a Hg(SCN)2 unit with one N-(2-pyridyl)carbo-
nylaniline (L) ligand coordinated to the Hg atom via the ring pyrid-
inic nitrogen atom and the carbonyl oxygen atom forming a five-
membered chelate ring. The Hg atom has a distorted tetrahedral
environment. There is π-π stacking interaction between the parallel
aromatic rings belonging to adjacent chain as planar species in
which the mean molecular planes are close to parallel and sepa-
Keywords: Zinc; Cadmium; Mercury; Crystal structure; N-(2-
pyridyl)carbonylaniline ligand.
Synthese und Charakterisierung der Zink, Cadmium und Quecksilber(II) Komplexe
mit N-(2-pyridyl)carbonylanilin (L), Röntgen-Kristallstrukturanalyse von
[Hg(L)(SCN)2]
Inhaltsübersicht. Die Reaktion von N-(2-pyridyl)carbonylanilin (L)
mit Zn(NO3)2, CdCl2 und Hg(SCN)2 ergibt die Komplexe:
[Zn(L)2](NO3)2, [Cd(L)2Cl2] und [Hg(L)(SCN)2]. Die Komplexe
wurden mittels Elementaranalyse und IR-, 1H-, 13C-NMR-Spek-
troskopie charakterisiert. Die Kristallstruktur von [Hg(L)(SCN)2]
wurde durch Einkristall-Röntgenstrukturanalyse bestimmt. Der
monomere Komplex wird von einer Hg(SCN)2-Einheit mit einem
N-(2-pyridyl)carbonylanilin-Liganden (L) aufgebaut, der über das
N-Atom des Pyridins und das Carbonyl-Sauerstoffatom an das
Hg-Atom zu einem fünfgliedrigen Chelatring koordiniert ist. Das
Hg-Atom hat eine verzerrt tetraedrische Koordination. Es besteht
eine π-π-Wechselwirkung zwischen den parallelen aromatischen
˚
Ringen benachbarter Ketten im Abstand von ϳ 3.5 A. Die koordi-
nierten N-(2-pyridyl)carbonylanilin-Moleküle (L) bilden Wasser-
stoffbrückenbindungen zu den S- und N-Atomen des SCNϪ-Ligan-
den. Durch die Wasserstoffbrücken und kurzen intermolekularen
Kontakte zwischen den S- und N-Atomen werden unendliche Ket-
ten parallel zu c gebildet. Jedes Molekül ist an zwei Nachbarmole-
küle gebunden.
1 Introduction
like pyridine, and an amide, such as carbonylaniline, as a
single ligand system are of particular interest [5Ϫ6], because
the electronic communication between these two groups can
be avoided. The general structure of the ligand is shown be-
low.
Research on the coordination chemistry of carbonylaniline-
derived ligands has progressed very rapidly over the last two
decades [1Ϫ4]. The incorporation of carbonylaniline groups
in the design of ligands and the preparation of new com-
plexes allows both the electronic and steric control of the
properties of metal complexes. A six-membered heterocycle,
* Ali Morsali
Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry,
Tarbiat Modarres University
P.O. Box 14155-4839
Tehran / I.R. Iran
E-mail: morsali a@yahoo.com
The presence of a pyridyl nitrogen atom ortho to the am-
ide substituent allows the ligand (L) to chelate a metal ion
2058
 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim
DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200300159
Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2003, 629, 2058Ϫ2061

Zinc, Cadmium, and Mercury(II) Complexes with N-(2-pyridyl)carbonylaniline
Table 1 Crystal data and structure refinement for [Hg(L)(SCN)2].
in a bidentate fashion forming a five membered chelate ring
bonding either to the N atom or to the carbonyl O atom of
the amide group. Both types of isomers, O-bonded and N-
bonded, are known for the ligand glycinamide, chelated to
a metal atom [7Ϫ9]. This ligand is interesting not only be-
cause of the structural chemistry of its multifunction coor-
dination modes but also because of the formation of com-
plexes similar to metal-peptides [10Ϫ11]. The ability of zinc
(II), cadmium (II), and mercury (II) salts to form a wide
variety of 1:1 and 1:2 complexes with neutral ligands is
well-documented [12Ϫ16]. The most common neutral do-
nors are phosphine and amine derivatives. Most of these
complexes contain halide ions; in contrast, complexes with
thiocyanate ions have rarely been reported [17Ϫ19]. This
ion is an ambidentate ligand and can coordinate metal ions
via both the N and S atoms. The type of coordination de-
pends on the nature of the metal center. N-donor atoms are
more likely to coordinate zinc in complexes, whereas the S
atom is the expected ligand for Hgϩ2 in mercury(II) com-
plexes [20]. In part one of our current study, we reported
the preparation and characterization of a series of 1:1 and
1:2 ZnII, CdII, and HgII complexes [21Ϫ22], which provides
ample justification for investigating the coordination chem-
istry of metals with terminal carbonylaniline-derived li-
gands. Here, we show the nature of adducts formed between
ZnII, CdII, and HgII ions and the N-(2-pyridyl)carbonylani-
lineligand (L).
Empirical formula
Formula weight
Temperature
Wavelength
Crystal system
Space group
C14H10HgN4S2
514.97
120(2) K
0.71073 A
˚
monoclinic
P21/c
˚
Unit cell dimensions
a ϭ 15.7579(l 5) A
˚
b ϭ 8.744(9) A
˚
c ϭ 11.2705(11) A
β ϭ 104.1738(2)°
3
˚
Volume
Z
Density (calculated)
Absorption coefficient
F(000)
Crystal size
Theta range for data collection
Index ranges
Reflections collected
Independent reflections
Completeness to theta ϭ 30.060
Absorption correction
Max. and min. transmission
Refinement method
Data / restraints / parameters
Goodness-of-fit on F2
Final R indices for 3037 ref 1.
[I>2sigma(I)]
1505.7(16) A
4
2.272 Mg/m3
10.504 mmϪ1
968
0.20 x 0.08 x 0.02 mm3
2.68 to 27.10.
Ϫ20ϹhϹ20, Ϫ11ϹkϹ11, Ϫ14ϹIϹ14
20018
3321 [R(int) ϭ 0.0645]
99.8 %
Semi-empirical from equivalents
0.3 and 0.05
Full-matrix least-squares on F2
3321/0/199
1.041
Rl ϭ 0.0368, wR2 ϭ 0.0870
R indices (all data)
Largest diff. Peak, hole
R1 ϭ 0.0394, wR2 ϭ 0.0889
2.6610, Ϫ2.152 e. A
Ϫ3
˚
2.4 Preparation of [Cd(L)2Cl2] and
[Hg(L)(SCN)2] complexes
We prepared the complexes, [Cd(L)2Cl2], and [Hg(L)(SCN)2], in the
same way as the [Zn(L)2](NO3)2 complex.
2 Experimental
2.1 Physical measurment
[Cd(L)2Cl2]: Reacting materials: N-(2-pyridyl)carbonylaniline (L),
cadmium(II) chloride (1:2). Ϫ White crystals; Mp ϭ 190 °C. Yield:
0.32g, 60 %.
IR spectra were recorded as Nujol mulls using a Perkin- Elmer 597
and a Nicolet 510P spectrometers. Elementalanalyses were carried
out using a Heraeus CHN-O-Rapid analyzer. The 1H- and 13C-
solution NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker DRX-500
AVANCE spectrometer.
Analysis for C24H20N4O2Cl2Cd(579.32);C 49.4 (calc. 49.7); H 3.3
(3.5); N 9.9 (9.7) %.
IR (cmϪ1) selected bands: ν(N-H) 3210; ν(C-H)ar 3010; ν(CϭC), ν(CϭN)
1610, 1580; ν(CϭO) 1640. 1H NMR ([D6]Aceton) δ: 7.1-7.1 (m, 1H), 7.3-9.4
(m, 2H), 7.5 (m, 1H), 7.9(m, 2H), 7.9-8.0 (m, 1H), 8.2-8.6 (m, 1H), 10.2 (s,
1H). 13C-{1H} NMR ([D6]Aceton) δ: 119.4, 121.6, 123.5, 126.2, 128.3, 137.4,
138.1, 147.8, 149.6, 161.5.
2.2 Synthesis of ligand
The ligand N-(2-pyridyl)carbonylaniline (L) was synthesized as
previously reported [1].
[Hg(L)(SCN)2]: Reacting materials: N-(2-pyridyl)carbonylaniline
(L), mercury(II) thiocyanate (1:1). Ϫ Yellow-white crystals. Mp ϭ
210 °C. Yield: 0.26g, 50 %
Analysis for C14H10N4OS2Hg (514.72):C 32.8 (calc. 32.8); H 1.6
(1.9); N 10.1 (10.9) %.
2.3 Synthesis of the [Zn(L)2](NO3)2 complex
The colorless crystals of the [Zn(L)2](NO3)2 complex were obtained
from the reaction of hydrated Zn(NO3)2 with N-(2-pyridyl)carbo-
nylaniline in a molar ratio of 1:2 in aqueous solution. The resulting
colorless solution was heated and stirred for about 1 h. It was then
left to evaporate at room temperature; after a few days, colorless
crystals were isolated. Yield: 0.29g, 50 %), m.p. 220 °C.
IR (cmϪ1) selected bands: ν(N-H) 3216; ν(C-H)ar 3030; ν(CϭC), ν(CϭN)
1615, 1570; ν(CϭO) 1650, ν(SCN) 2030. 1H NMR ([D6]Aceton) δ: 7.1-7.2
(m, 1H), 7.3-9.4 (m, 2H), 7.5 (m, 1H), 7.9 (m, 2H), 7.9-8.1 (m, 1H), 8.2-8.6
(m, 1H), 10.2 (s, 1H). 13C-{1H} NMR ([D6]Aceton) δ: 119.3, 121.6, 123.7,
126.3, 128.3,131.2, 137.4, 138.0, 147.80, 149.5, 161.5.
2.5 Determination of the crystal structure
Analysis for C24H20N6O8Zn (585.39); C 40.2 (calc. 41.2); H 3.2
(3.4); N 14. 2 (14.3) %.
IR (KBr, cmϪ1) ν(N-H) 3220; ν(C-H)ar 3015; ν(CϭC), ν(CϭN) 1620, 1550;
ν(CϭO) 1658; ν(NO3) 1370. 1H NMR ([D6]Aceton) δ: 7.1-7.2 (m, 1H), 7.3-
9.4 (m, 2H), 7.5-7.6 (m, 1H), 7.9(m, 2H), 8.0 (m, 1H), 8.2-8.6 (m, 1H), 10.1
(s, 1H). 13C-{1H} NMR ([D6]Aceton) δ: 119.3, 121.6, 123.4, 126.2, 128.3,
137.4, 138.1, 147.6, 149.8, 161.4.
Crystallographic measurements were carrried out at 120(2) K for
[Hg(L)(SCN)2] using a Siemens R3m/V diffractometer. The inten-
sity data was collected in the range, 2.68ՅθՅ27.10° using graphite
˚
monochromated MoϪKα radiation (λϭ0.71073 A). Accurate unit
cell parameters and orientation matrix for data collection are ob-
Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2003, 629, 2058Ϫ2061
zaac.wiley-vch.de
 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim
2059

A. Morsali, A. Ramazani, A. R. Mahjoub, A. A. Soudi
˚
Table 2 Selected bond lengths /A and angles /° for [Hg(L)(SCN)2].
Hg(1)-N(1)
Hg(1)-O(1)
Hg(1)-S(1A)
Hg(1)-S(1B)
Hg(1)-N(1B)#1
Hg(1)-N(1A)#2
N(1)-Hg(1)-S(1A)
N(1)-Hg(1)-S(1B)
N(1)-Hg(1)-O(1)
S(1A)-Hg(1)-O(1)
2.4(6)
2.5(3)
2.4(2)
2.5(2)
2.8(6)
S(1B)-Hg(1)-O(1)
99.6(1)
83.3(2)
89.8(1)
85.2(1)
151.1(2)
142.9(2)
63.8(1)
93.8(1)
75.4(1)
N(1)-Hg(1)-N(1B)#1
S(1A)-Hg(1)-N(1B)#1
S(1B)-Hg(1)-N(1B)#1
O(1)-Hg(1)-N(1B)#1
N(1)-Hg(1)-N(1A)#2
S(1A)-Hg(1)-N(1A)#2
S(1B)-Hg(1)-N(1A)#2
O(1)-Hg(1)-N(1A)#2
3.2(6)
119.3(1)
96.6(1)
67.9(2)
102.3(1)
N(1B)#1-Hg(1)-N(1A)#2 133.1(2)
S(1B)-Hg(1)-S(1A) 142.9(7)
Symmetry codes #1: xϩ1, Ϫyϩ5/2, zϩ1/2 #2: x, Ϫyϩ5/2, zϪ1/2
Table 3 Hydrogen bond and shortest intermolecular contact para-
˚
meters (distances /A and angles /°) for the [Hg(L)(SCN)2].
D-H
d(D-H) d(H···A) d(D...A) <(DHA) A
N(8)-H(8A) 0.86 2.3 3.1(8)
C(10)-H(10) 0.97 2.9 3.6(7)
160.8
131.8
N(1A) [x, Ϫyϩ3/2,
zϪ1/2]
N(4) [x, Ϫy, zϩ1/2]
N(1A) [x, 2.5Ϫy,
0.5ϩz]
Fig. 1 ORTEP drawing of [Hg(L)(SCN)2]
S(1A)
3.1(6)
Crystal data and structure refinement and selected bond lengths
and angles are given in Tables 1 and 2. Atomic coordination are
given in Table 4. Anisotropy thermal parameters, observed and cal-
culated structure factors, full lists of bond distances, bond angles
and torsion angles are given in the supplementary material. An
ORTEP drawingdiagram and a perspective view of the packing in
the unit cell are shown in Figures 1 and 2.
Table 4 Atomic coordinates (ϫ 104) and equivalent isotropic dis-
2
3
˚
placement parameters (A ϫ 10 ) for [Hg(L)(SCN)2]. U(eq) is de-
fined as one third of the trace of the orthogonalized Uij tensor.
x
y
z
U(eq)
Hg(1)
O(1)
N(1)
C(2)
C(3)
C(4)
C(5)
C(6)
C(7)
1919(1)
2670(3)
1729(3)
1225(4)
988(4)
11119(1)
9433(5)
8487(6)
8028(7)
6523(7)
5451(7)
5975(8)
7413(7)
8059(7)
7000(6)
7272(7)
8566(7)
8702(7)
7570(8)
6303(7)
6152(5)
12496(2)
11552(6)
11931(7)
11464(2)
13449(7)
12641(7)
9348(1)
8160(4)
9744(5)
10466(6)
10562(6)
9838(6)
9077(7)
9072(6)
8320(5)
7880(5)
7156(6)
6431(6)
5688(6)
5660(6)
6400(7)
7147(6)
10630(1)
12958(5)
12005(6)
7836(2)
6100(5)
6828(6)
29(1)
33(1)
29(1)
29(1)
32(1)
34(1)
38(1)
30(1)
25(1)
29(1)
27(1)
29(1)
32(1)
35(1)
35(1)
31(1)
31(1)
33(1)
29(1)
33(1)
37(1)
30(1)
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Synthesis and spectroscopic properties of the
complexes
1260(4)
1782(4)
2014(4)
2616(4)
3079(3)
3682(4)
3642(4)
4224(4)
4834(4)
4880(4)
4311(4)
3121(1)
2964(4)
3113(4)
513(1)
The reaction of Hg(SCN)2, Zn(ClO4)2, and CdCl2 with N-
(2-pyridyl)carbonylaniline (L) provided powder materials
analyzed as [Hg(L)(SCN)2], [Zn(L)2](NO3)2, and
[Cd(L)2Cl2], respectively. The IR spectrum of the
N(8)
C(9)
C(10)
C(11)
C(12)
C(13)
C(14)
S(1A)
N(1A)
C(1A)
S(1B)
N(1B)
C(1B)
[Hg(L)(SCN)2] complex shows ν(SCN) band at 2030 cmϪ1
;
the spectrum of [Zn(L)2](NO3)2 complex shows a band for
ν(NO3) at 1370 cmϪ1. Attempts to isolate [Hg(L)2(SCN)2]
were failed; each time, a 1:1 adduct was isolated. The com-
parison of IR spectra of the free ligand with that of the
complexes shows a shift in the ν(CϭO) band of the amide
substituent for the complexes from 1675 cm-1 for the ligand
945(4)
794(4)
L
to 1640 cmϪ1 for [Cd(L)2Cl2], 1658 cmϪ1 for
tained from a leastϪsquares refinement. The intensities of 20018
unique reflections were measured, from which 3037 with I>2σ (I)
were used for the refinement. The structure was solved by direct
methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares techniques on F2.
[Zn(L)2](NO3)2, and 1650 cmϪ1 for [Hg(L)(SCN)2], this
indicates that the oxygen atom of the amide substituent is
coordinated to the metal atoms [25].
The positions of hydrogen atoms were idealized and included in
the calculations of the structure factors as fixed contributions. Each
hydrogen atom was assigned an isotopic thermal parameter. The
values of R, Rw, with a goodness of fit on F2 of 0.980 are 0.0368
and 0.0889, respectively. The final difference density map showed
3.2 Crystal structure of [Hg(L)(SCN)2]
An ORTEP drawing of [Hg(L)(SCN)2] is shown in Figure
1 and selected bond lengths and angles are given in Table
2. The complex is built up of a monomeric Hg(SCN)2 unit,
a maximum peak and hole of 2.661 and Ϫ2.152 e·AϪ3. Corrections
˚
for the Lorentz and polarization effects as well as the empirical
correction for absorption were applied using the semi-empirical
method. All structural calculations were carried out with a PDP Ϫ
11/23ϩ computer using the SDP Ϫ PLUS program package
[23Ϫ24].
˚
˚
[Hg(1)-S(1A)ϭ2.4 A and Hg(1)-S(1B)ϭ2.5 A], with one N-
(2-pyridyl)carbonylaniline ligand (L) coordinated to the Hg
atom via one pyridine nitrogen and one carbonyl oxygen
˚
atom to form a distorted tetrahedron, Hg(1)-N(1) 2.4 A
2060
 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim
zaac.wiley-vch.de
Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2003, 629, 2058Ϫ2061

Zinc, Cadmium, and Mercury(II) Complexes with N-(2-pyridyl)carbonylaniline
˚
most parallel and separated by a distance of ϳ 3.5 A, are
close to that of the planes in graphite.
Supplementary material: Complete bond lengths and angles, co-or-
dinates and displacement parameters have been deposited at Cam-
bridge Crystallography Data Center. Supplementary data are avail-
able from CCDC, 12 Union Road,Cambridge CB21EZ, UK on
request,by quoting the deposition number CCDC 208608.
Acknowledgements. Support of this investigation by Zanjan Univer-
sity Research Council [Synthesis of N2-phenyl-2-pyridinecarbox-
amide and investigation of its complexation with metal ions
(ZURC 8146)] is gratefully acknowledged.
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[27] A. R. Mahjoub, A. Morsali, Z. Kristallogr. NCS 2001, 216,
601.
[28] A. R. Mahjoub, A. Morsali, Polyhedron 2002, 21, 1223.
[29] Molecular Complexes, ed. R. Foster, Paul Elek (Scientific
Books) Ltd, London, 1973.
˚
and Hg(1)-O(1) 2.5 A. The N-(2-pyridyl)carbonylaniline li-
gand (L) is thus bidentate forming a five-membered hetero-
cycle. The smallest and largest bond angles around the Hg
atoms are N(1)-Hg(1)-O(1) 67.9° and S(1B)-Hg(1)-S(1A)
142.9(7)°. The intermolecular interaction between Hg(1)
and two N atoms of two neighboring molecules (one nitro-
gen atom of thiocyanate anion and one amide nitrogen
atom of the N-(2-pyridyl)carbonylaniline ligand (L) (Hg(1)-
N(1B)>#1 2.8 A and Hg(1)-N(1A)>#2 3.2 A) turn the dis-
torted Hg(1) tetrahedron to a distorted pseudo-octahedron.
The tetrahedra are linked together by hydrogen bonding
(Figure 2). The coordinated N-(2-pyridyl)carbonylaniline li-
gand (L) provides hydrogen atom donors for hydrogen
bonding to the S and N atoms from SCNϪ anion as poten-
tial hydrogen-bond acceptors. There is a short intermolecu-
lar contact between the S and N atoms (Table 3). As shown
in Figure 2, the hydrogen bonding and shortest intermolec-
ular distances between the S and N atoms yield infinite
chains parallel to the crystallographic axis c. Each
[Hg(L)(SCN)2] unit is bonded to two neighbors to form the
molecules into a one-dimensional chain.
˚
˚
The thiocyanate ion in the lead(II) complexes are coordi-
nated via the N atom [26Ϫ28]. In contrast, here the thio-
cyanate ions are coordinated via S atoms. This shows that
Hg2ϩ ion is softer than Pb2ϩ ion. There is also π-π stacking
interaction (charge-transfer arrays) [29Ϫ30] between the
parallel aromatic rings of adjacent chains (Figure 2). The
planar species, in which the mean molecular planes are al-
[30] N. N. Greenwood and A. Earnshaw, Chemistry of the Ele-
ments, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1984, pp. 235Ϫ236.
Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 2003, 629, 2058Ϫ2061
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