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| CAS No.: | 67-48-1 |
|---|---|
| Name: | Choline chloride |
| Molecular Structure: | |
|
|
|
| Formula: | C5H14ClNO |
| Molecular Weight: | 139.625 |
| Synonyms: | Choline hydrochloride;Choline chloride solutions;(2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride;Cholinum;Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N, N-trimethyl-, chloride;Hormocline;Colina cloruro [DCIT];2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride;Ammonium, (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethyl-, chloride;2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium;Cholinium chloride;sell choline chloride;Bilineurin chloride;Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-;Paresan;2-hydroxyethyl-trimethyl-azanium;Neocolina;Choline chlorhydrate;Lipotril;2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride;Choline, chloride;Chloride de choline [French];Chlorure de choline [INN-French];Biocolina;Cholini chloridum [INN-Latin];2-hydroxyethyl-trimethyl-azanium chloride; |
| EINECS: | 200-655-4 |
| Density: | 1.205 g/cm3 |
| Melting Point: | 302-305 °C (dec.)(lit.) |
| Solubility: | soluble in water |
| Appearance: | White crystalline powder |
| Hazard Symbols: |
 Xi
|
| Risk Codes: | 36/37/38 |
| Safety: | 26-36 |
| PSA: | 20.23000 |
| LogP: | -3.31110 |
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| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With sodium hydroxide at 24.9℃; Thermodynamic data; ΔrH1; | 100% |
| With sodium hydroxide at 24.9℃; | 100% |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| In methanol; acetonitrile at 70℃; for 14h; Inert atmosphere; | 98% |
| at 80℃; | |
| With water |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With diethylamine at 40℃; for 9h; | A 88% B n/a |
- 64-17-5
ethanol
A
- 330957-88-5
ethyl 3-amino-1-(4-bromo phenyl)-1H-benzo[f]chromene-2-carboxylate
B
- 67-48-1
choline chloride
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With diethylamine at 40℃; for 9h; | A 84% B n/a |
- 64-17-5
ethanol
A
- 299937-04-5
ethyl 3-amino-1-(3-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzo[f]chromene-2-carboxylate
B
- 67-48-1
choline chloride
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With diethylamine at 40℃; for 10h; | A 83% B n/a |
- 64-17-5
ethanol
A
- 330957-87-4
ethyl 3-amino-1-(4-nitro phenyl)-1H-benzo[f]chromene-2-carboxylate
B
- 67-48-1
choline chloride
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With diethylamine at 40℃; for 10h; | A 74% B n/a |
- 64-17-5
ethanol
A
- 67-48-1
choline chloride
B
- 119825-14-8
ethyl 3-amino-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[f]chromene-2-carboxylate
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With diethylamine at 40℃; for 11h; | A n/a B 73% |
- 64-17-5
ethanol
A
- 67-48-1
choline chloride
B
- 130944-14-8
ethyl 3-amino-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-benzo[f]chromene-2-carboxylate
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With diethylamine at 40℃; for 10h; | A n/a B 70% |
- 64-17-5
ethanol
A
- 405109-32-2
ethyl 3-amino-1-(2-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzo[f]chromene-2-carboxylate
B
- 67-48-1
choline chloride
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With diethylamine at 40℃; for 10h; | A 70% B n/a |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With diethylamine at 40℃; for 11h; | A 68% B n/a |
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Chemistry
Structure of Choline chloride (CAS NO.67-48-1):
IUPAC Name: 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium chloride
Empirical Formula: C5H14ClNO
Molecular Weight: 139.6238
EINECS: 200-655-4
Melting point: 298-304 ºC
Water solubility: soluble
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Physical Appearance: White crystalline powder
Product Categories: Quarternary ammonium salts;Ammonium Chlorides (Quaternary);Biochemistry;Quaternary Ammonium Compounds;Vitamin Related Compounds;Vitamins;Antioxidants;Intermediates & Fine Chemicals;Pharmaceuticals
Synonyms of Choline chloride (CAS NO.67-48-1): (2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride ; (beta-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride ; 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N,-trimethylethanaminium chloride ; Ammonium, (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethyl-, chloride ; Bilineurin chloride ; Biocolina ; Biocoline ; Chloride de choline ; Choline chlorhydrate ; Choline hydrochloride ;
Cholini chloridum ; Cloruro de colina ; Colina cloruro ; Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride ; Hepacholine ;
Hormocline ; Lipotril ; Luridin chloride ; Trimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium chloride .
Uses
Choline chloride (CAS NO.67-48-1) is an important additive in feed especially for chicken where it accelerates growth and is mass produced . With urea it forms a deep eutectic solvent. Other commercial choline salts are choline bitartrate choline and hydroxide . In foodstuffs the compound is often present as phosphatidylcholine.
Production
In the industrial Davy process choline chloride is produced from ethylene oxide, hydrochloric acid, and trimethylamine,[1] or from the pre-formed salt:
Toxicity Data With Reference
| Organism | Test Type | Route | Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) | Effect | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| cat | LDLo | intravenous | 25mg/kg (25mg/kg) | "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1289, 1935. | |
| dog | LDLo | intravenous | 5mg/kg (5mg/kg) | "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1289, 1935. | |
| frog | LDLo | unreported | 1500mg/kg (1500mg/kg) | Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Vol. 51, Pg. 281, 1942. | |
| mouse | LD50 | intraperitoneal | 320mg/kg (320mg/kg) | Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Vol. 51, Pg. 281, 1942. | |
| mouse | LD50 | intravenous | 53mg/kg (53mg/kg) | SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: LACRIMATION: EYE BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION | Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 33, Pg. 1016, 1983. |
| mouse | LD50 | oral | 3900mg/kg (3900mg/kg) | SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: LACRIMATION: EYE BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION | Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 33, Pg. 1016, 1983. |
| mouse | LDLo | subcutaneous | 735mg/kg (735mg/kg) | Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 6, Pg. 477, 1914/1915. | |
| rabbit | LDLo | intraperitoneal | 500mg/kg (500mg/kg) | SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: CORNEAL DAMAGE: EYE LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD | Journal of Infectious Diseases. Vol. 42, Pg. 473, 1928. |
| rabbit | LDLo | intravenous | 1100ug/kg (1.1mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: CYANOSIS GASTROINTESTINAL: CHANGES IN STRUCTURE OR FUNCTION OF SALIVARY GLANDS | Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Vol. 51, Pg. 281, 1942. |
| rabbit | LDLo | rectal | 1gm/kg (1000mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: CYANOSIS GASTROINTESTINAL: CHANGES IN STRUCTURE OR FUNCTION OF SALIVARY GLANDS | Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Vol. 51, Pg. 281, 1942. |
| rabbit | LDLo | subcutaneous | 1gm/kg (1000mg/kg) | Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Vol. 51, Pg. 281, 1942. | |
| rat | LD50 | intraperitoneal | 450mg/kg (450mg/kg) | Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. Vol. 24, Pg. 91, 1986. | |
| rat | LD50 | oral | 3400mg/kg (3400mg/kg) | SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: CHROMODACYRORREA: EYE BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION | Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Vol. 58, Pg. 87, 1945. |
Safety Profile
Hazard Codes: 
Xi
The Risk Statements information of Choline chloride :
36/37/38: Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin
The Safety Statements information of Choline chloride :
26: In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of WATER and seek medical advice
36: Wear suitable protective clothing
WGK Germany: 1
RTECS: KH2975000
F: 3-9