107-39-1Relevant articles and documents
McLain et al.
, p. 3519 (1977)
THE INFLUENCE OF INTERLAYER WATER ON CLAY CATALYSTS. INTERLAMELLAR CONVERSION OF 2-METHYLPROPENE
Ballantine, James A.,Jones, William,Purnell, J. Howard,Tennakoon, Dayananda T. B.,Thomas, John M.
, p. 763 - 766 (1985)
Evidence is provided for two alternative pathways for the reactions undergone by 2-methylpropene between the layers of a sheet silicate catalyst (Al3+-exchanged montmorillonite).This clay, when it initially contains ca. 12percent interlayer water, catalyses the addition of either water or methanol to 2-methylpropene to yield, respectively, t-butanol or 2-methoxy-2-methyl propane (methyl tertiary butyl ether, MTBE), whereas the same clay following deliberate dehydration acts as an effective catalyst for the oligomerisation of 2-methylpropene.Similar results are obtained with an Al3+-exchanged synthetic hectorite.
Selective and unexpected transformations of 2-methylpropane to 2,3-dimethylbutane and 2-methylpropene to 2,3-dimethylbutene catalyzed by an alumina-supported tungsten hydride
Merle, Nicolas,Stoffelbach, Francois,Taoufik, Mostafa,Le Roux, Erwan,Thivolle-Cazat, Jean,Basset, Jean-Marie
, p. 2523 - 2525 (2009)
2-Methylpropane and 2-methylpropene, in the presence of the W(H) 3/Al2O3 catalyst, are unexpectedly transformed to 2,3-dimethylbutane and 2,3-dimethylbutenes, respectively, with high selectivity; in case of 2-methylpropane
THERMISCHER ZERFALL VON Β-PHENYL UND Β,Β-DIPHENYL-NITROALKANEN
Fritzsche, Katharina,Beckhaus, Hans-Dieter,Ruechardt, Christoph
, p. 2805 - 2808 (1988)
Elimination of nitrous acid is the exclusive reaction path for the thermal decomposition of the nitroalkanes 1, 2 and 5.Homolytic CC-cleavage cannot compete.A concerted β-elimination is the favoured mechanism.
Sulfated SnO2 as a high-performance catalyst for alkene oligomerization
Yurkova, L. L.,Lermontov, S. A.,Kazachenko, V. P.,Ivanov, V. K.,Lermontov, A. S.,Baranchikov, A. E.,Vasil'Eva, L. P.
, p. 1012 - 1019,8 (2012)
Nanoparticulate (3-5 nm) sulfated tin dioxide shows high catalytic activity for the oligomerization of isobutylene, hexene-1, and cyclohexene. The acidity (Hammett acidity function H0) of sulfated stannia reaches H 0 = -16.04. We have studied the effect of synthesis conditions on the physicochemical and functional properties of sulfated SnO2.
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Brown,Moritani
, p. 2203,2209 (1956)
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Hoffmann et al.
, p. 639,644 (1964)
The competitive reactions between electron transfer and radical addition in free radical reactions
Wu, Yuh-Wern,Lu, Cheng-Yi
, p. 1129 - 1134 (2001)
The photolytic reactions of 2-substituted allyl chloride with t-BuHgCl in different solvents were investigated. The reactions proceed the SH2′ reaction mechanism except the substituent is a strong electron-releasing group. The electron transfer process becomes more competitive with the radical addition process when the substituent is a strong electron-releasing group. When the substituent is a strong electron-releasing group such as -CH2SiMe3, the reaction in CH3CN shows pronounced electron transfer process while the reaction in DMSO or THF involves both of the SH2′ and the electron transfer processes. The reaction is solvent dependent. An electron transfer mechanism is discussed.
Fluorinated metal oxide-assisted oligomerization of olefins
Lermontov, Sergey A.,Malkova, Alena N.,Yurkova, Lyudmila L.,Ivanov, Vladimir K.,Baranchikov, Alexander E.,Vasilyeva, Larisa P.
, p. 110 - 112 (2013)
Fluorinated alumina is an efficient catalyst for hex-1-ene, cyclohexene and isobutene oligomerization, whereas fluorinated titania and zirconia are inactive.
Coke Formation and Its Effects on Shape Selective Adsorptive and Catalytic Properties of Ferrierite
Xu, Wen-Qing,Yin, Yuan-Gen,Suib, Steven L.,O'Young, Chi-Lin
, p. 758 - 765 (1995)
Channels or cavities of ferrierite are blocked by carbonaceous deposits (coke) which are formed during butene treatments.The pore blocking inside ferrierite/alumina catalysts affects the yield and selectivity to isobutylene in the catalytic reaction of butene isomerization.Pore size distribution experiments show that the blocking of 10-member ring channels (4.2 x 5.4 Angstroem) and 8-member ring channels (3.5 x 4.8 Angstroem) of ferrierite by coke reduces the channel size smaller than that of the nitrogen molecule (4.09 Angstroem).TPD data show that ammonia uptake for coked samples of different times on stream is decreased from about 62percent to 35percent of that for the fresh sample.This suggests that channels in coked ferrierites are at least larger than the size of the ammonia molecule (2 Angstroem).Uptakes for more bulky molecules such as 1-butene (2.99 x 4.71 Angstroem) and isobutylene (3.28 x 4.14 Angstroem) are severely reduced by coke formation ( +(XL), H+(L), and H+(S) (XL = extra large, L = large, S = small) from a structural point of view.These three kinds of acid sites were successfully probed with ammonia, 1-butene, and isobutylene.These experiments suggest that the adsorption of probe molecules on ferrierite is also a shape selective process.
C-C bond cleavage in oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons under mild conditions in the Vv/H2O2/AcOH system
Gekhman,Stolyarov,Ershova,Moiseeva,Moiseev
, p. 150 - 153 (2001)
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Dolliver et al.
, p. 831,832 (1937)
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Screening of solid acid catalysts for etherification of glycerol with isobutene under identical conditions
Bozkurt, ?zge Deniz,Ba?lar, Nur,?elebi, Serdar,Uzun, Alper
, p. 483 - 494 (2020)
We compared the performance of more than 70 solid acid catalysts with Br?nsted acid function for the etherification of glycerol with isobutene under identical reaction conditions of 75 °C, 10 bar, 6 h and with an isobutene/glycerol molar ratio of 3/1. The catalysts were selected from a wide range of solid acid catalysts including ion exchange resins, zeolites, silica, and heteropolyacids, and their counterparts modified by simple treatments, with more than half of them being investigated for the first time for this reaction. For the modified commercial acid catalysts, the desired glycerol tertiary butyl ether (DTBGE and TTBGE) selectivity improved from 75 to 87 wt% upon partial cation exchange of the sulfonic acid protons in Amberlyst type ion exchange resins with Na+ cations; from 66 to 85 wt% by hydrothermal steam treatment of zeolite H-Y (SiO2/Al2O3 = 80); and from 75 to 80 wt% with partial La+-exchange of zeolite H-Beta (SiO2/Al2O3 = 300), all at high (90–100%) glycerol conversion. Impregnation of the heteropolyacids, tungstosilicic acid (TSA) and tungstophosphoric acid (TPA), on silica at a loading of 50 wt% provided a glycerol conversion of higher than 65 wt% and with a desired ether selectivity in the range of 62 to 76 wt%. In general, total ether selectivity increased with decreasing acid capacity for ion exchange resins, while the desired ether selectivity was enhanced with increasing acid strength for zeolites and supported heteropolyacids on mesoporous silica. Data present a detailed guideline for the selection of solid acid catalysts for the etherification of glycerol with isobutene.
Unique mesoporous silicoaluminophosphate assembled from faujasite-type SAPO-37 precursor: A potential catalyst for isomerization
Yadav, Rekha,Singh, Arvind Kumar,Sakthivel, Ayyamperumal
, p. 1160 - 1162 (2013)
Unique mesoporous silicoaluminophosphate (MESO-SAPO-37) with uniform pores (3 nm) was synthesized for the first time by using a faujasite-type microporous SAPO-37 precursor. MESO-SAPO-37 contains hierarchical mesopores with a microporous secondary building unit. It possesses strong acidity and shows high catalytic activity for the conversion of 1-octene, with the exclusive formation of isomerized products (84%).
Identification of the strong Br?nsted acid site in a metal–organic framework solid acid catalyst
Trickett, Christopher A.,Osborn Popp, Thomas M.,Su, Ji,Yan, Chang,Weisberg, Jonathan,Huq, Ashfia,Urban, Philipp,Jiang, Juncong,Kalmutzki, Markus J.,Liu, Qingni,Baek, Jayeon,Head-Gordon, Martin P.,Somorjai, Gabor A.,Reimer, Jeffrey A.,Yaghi, Omar M.
, p. 170 - 176 (2019)
It remains difficult to understand the surface of solid acid catalysts at the molecular level, despite their importance for industrial catalytic applications. A sulfated zirconium-based metal–organic framework, MOF-808-SO4, was previously shown to be a strong solid Br?nsted acid material. In this report, we probe the origin of its acidity through an array of spectroscopic, crystallographic and computational characterization techniques. The strongest Br?nsted acid site is shown to consist of a specific arrangement of adsorbed water and sulfate moieties on the zirconium clusters. When a water molecule adsorbs to one zirconium atom, it participates in a hydrogen bond with a sulfate moiety that is chelated to a neighbouring zirconium atom; this motif, in turn, results in the presence of a strongly acidic proton. On dehydration, the material loses its acidity. The hydrated sulfated MOF exhibits a good catalytic performance for the dimerization of isobutene (2-methyl-1-propene), and achieves a 100% selectivity for C8 products with a good conversion efficiency.
HYDROTHERMAL PRODUCTION OF ALKANES
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Paragraph 0022, (2021/04/17)
Synthesizing an alkane includes heating a mixture including an alkene and water at or above the water vapor saturation pressure in the presence of a catalyst and one or both of hydrogen and a reductant, thereby hydrogenating the alkene to yield an alkane and water, and separating the alkane from the water to yield the alkane. The reductant includes a first metal and the catalyst includes a second metal.
