629-92-5Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Production of Bio Hydrofined Diesel, Jet Fuel, and Carbon Monoxide from Fatty Acids Using a Silicon Nanowire Array-Supported Rhodium Nanoparticle Catalyst under Microwave Conditions
Baek, Heeyoel,Fujii, Takashi,Fujikawa, Shigenori,Kashimura, Keiichiro,Sato, Takuma,Tsubaki, Shuntaro,Uozumi, Yasuhiro,Wada, Yuji,Yamada, Yoichi M. A.
, p. 2148 - 2156 (2020/02/11)
Biodiesel was efficiently produced from biomass fatty acids using renewable gas H2 and a reusable heterogeneous catalyst under low-energy-consumption microwave conditions. As the decarboxylation of fatty acids to alkanes is an important transformation in the production of bio hydrofined diesel (BHD) and jet fuel, we herein report the development of a highly active and reusable Rh nanoparticle catalyst supported by a silicon nanowire array (SiNA-Rh) and its application in the decarboxylation of fatty acids to alkanes under mild conditions. More specifically, SiNA-Rh (500 mol ppm) selectively promoted the hydrogenative decarboxylation reaction at 200 °C under microwave irradiation (～40 W) in a H2 atmosphere (10 bar) to afford the corresponding alkanes in high yields selectively. The only coproduct observed was carbon monoxide, an important and essential staple for the chemical industry. Importantly, carbon dioxide formation was not observed. Moreover, the aldehydes were efficiently converted to alkanes by SiNA-Rh, and this catalyst was reused 20 times without any loss in catalytic activity. Finally, to investigate the effects of microwave irradiation on the enhancement of this chemical transformation based on the Si nanorod structures present in the SiNA-Rh catalyst, the effect of the microwave electric field and magnetic field in the microwave to the reaction was experimentally investigated, and the spatial distribution of the electric field intensity around the surface of the Si nanostructure was simulated using the finite element method.
Degradation of bisphenol A and acute toxicity reduction by different thermo-tolerant ascomycete strains isolated from arid soils
Mtibaà, Rim,Olicón-Hernández, Dario Rafael,Pozo, Clementina,Nasri, Moncef,Mechichi, Tahar,González, Jesus,Aranda, Elisabet
, p. 87 - 96 (2018/03/21)
Four different laccase-producing strains were isolated from arid soils and used for bisphenol A (BPA) degradation. These strains were identified as Chaetomium strumarium G5I, Thielavia arenaria CH9, Thielavia arenaria HJ22 and Thielavia arenaria SM1(III) by internal transcribed spacer 5.8 S rDNA analysis. Residual BPA was evaluated by HPLC analysis during 48 h of incubation. A complete removal of BPA was observed by the whole cell fungal cultures within different times, depending on each strain. C. strumarium G5I was the most efficient degrader, showing 100% of removal within 8 h of incubation. The degradation of BPA was accompanied by the production of laccase and dye decolorizing peroxidase (DyP) under degradation conditions. The presence of aminobenzotriazole (ABT) as an inhibitor of cytochrome P450s monooxygenases (CYP) demonstrated a slight decrease in BPA removal rate, suggesting the effective contribution of CYP in the conversion. The great involvement of laccase in BPA transformation together with cell-associated enzymes, such as CYP, was supported by the identification of hydroxylated metabolites by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (UHPLC-MS). The metabolic pathway of BPA transformation was proposed based on the detected metabolites. The acute toxicity of BPA and its products was investigated and showed a significant reduction, except for T. arenaria SM1(III) that did not caused reduction of toxicity (IC50 8%), possibly due to the presence of toxic metabolites. The results of the present study point out the potential application of the isolated ascomycetes in pollutant removal processes, especially C. strumarium G5I as an efficient degrader of BPA.
Light-Driven Enzymatic Decarboxylation of Fatty Acids
Huijbers, Mieke M. E.,Zhang, Wuyuan,Tonin, Fabio,Hollmann, Frank
supporting information, p. 13648 - 13651 (2018/09/21)
The photoenzymatic decarboxylation of fatty acids to alkanes is proposed as an alternative approach for the synthesis of biodiesel. By using a recently discovered photodecarboxylase from Chlorella variabilis NC64A (CvFAP) we demonstrate the irreversible preparation of alkanes from fatty acids and triglycerides. Several fatty acids and their triglycerides are converted by CvFAP in near-quantitative yield and exclusive selectivity upon illumination with blue light. Very promising turnover numbers of up to 8000 were achieved in this proof-of-concept study.
Ruthenium-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Decarbonylation of Primary Alcohols
Mazziotta, Andrea,Madsen, Robert
, p. 5417 - 5420 (2017/10/06)
Dehydrogenative decarbonylation of a primary alcohol involves the release of both dihydrogen and carbon monoxide to afford the by one carbon unit shorter product. The transformation has now been achieved with a ruthenium-catalyzed protocol by using the complex Ru(COD)Cl2 and the hindered monodentate ligand P(o-tolyl)3 in refluxing p-cymene. The reaction can be applied to both benzylic and long-chain linear aliphatic alcohols. The intermediate aldehyde can be observed during the transformation, which is therefore believed to proceed through two separate catalytic cycles involving first dehydrogenation of the alcohol and then decarbonylation of the resulting aldehyde.
Selective Catalytic Hydrogenolysis of Carbon-Carbon σ Bonds in Primary Aliphatic Alcohols over Supported Metals
Di, Lu,Yao, Sikai,Li, Mengru,Wu, Guangjun,Dai, Weili,Wang, Guichang,Li, Landong,Guan, Naijia
, p. 7199 - 7207 (2015/12/11)
The selective scission of chemical bonds is always of great significance in organic chemistry. The cleavage of strong carbon-carbon σ bonds in the unstrained systems remains challenging. Here, we report the selective hydrogenolysis of carbon-carbon σ bonds in primary aliphatic alcohols catalyzed by supported metals under relatively mild conditions. In the case of 1-hexadecanol hydrogenolysis over Ru/TiO2 as a model reaction system, the selective scission of carbon-carbon bonds over carbon-oxygen bonds is observed, resulting in n-pentadecane as the dominant product with a small quantity of n-hexadecane. Theoretical calculations reveal that the 1-hexadecanol hydrogenolysis on flat Ru (0001) undergoes two parallel pathways: i.e. carbon-carbon bond scission to produce n-pentadecane and carbon-oxygen bond scission to produce n-hexadecane. The removal of adsorbed CO on a flat Ru (0001) surface is a crucial step for the 1-hexadecanol hydrogenolysis. It contributes to the largest energy barrier in n-pentadecane production and also retards the rate for n-hexadecane production by covering the active Ru (0001) surface. The knowledge presented in this work has significance not just for a fundamental understanding of strong carbon-carbon σ bond scission but also for practical biomass conversion to fuels and chemical feedstocks.
Conversion of levulinic acid derived valeric acid into a liquid transportation fuel of the kerosene type
Corma, Avelino,Oliver-Tomas, Borja,Renz, Michael,Simakova, Irina L.
, p. 116 - 122 (2014/06/09)
In the transformation of lignocellulosic biomass into fuels and chemicals carboncarbon bond formations and rising hydrophobicity are highly desired. The ketonic decarboxylation fits these requirements perfectly as it converts carboxylic acids into ketones forming one carboncarbon bond and eliminates three oxygen atoms as carbon dioxide and water. This reaction is used, in a cascade process, together with a hydrogenation and dehydration catalyst to obtain hydrocarbons in the kerosene range from hexose-derived valeric acid. It is shown that zirconium oxide is a very selective and stable catalyst for this process and when combined with platinum supported on alumina, the oxygen content was reduced to almost zero. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that alumina is superior to active carbon, silica, or zirconium oxide as support for the hydrogenation/dehydration/hydrogenation sequence and a palladium-based catalyst deactivated more rapidly than the platinum catalyst. Hence, under optimized reaction conditions valeric acid is converted into n-nonane with 80% selectivity (together with a 10% of C10-C15 hydrocarbons) in the organic liquid phase upto a 100:1 feed to catalyst ratio [w/w]. The oxygen free hydrocarbon product mixture (85% yield) meets well with the boiling point range of kerosene as evidenced by a simulated distillation. In the gas phase, butane was detected together with mainly carbon dioxide.
Decarboxylation of fatty acids over Pd supported on mesoporous carbon
Simakova, Irina,Simakova, Olga,M?ki-Arvela, P?ivi,Murzin, Dmitry Yu.
experimental part, p. 28 - 31 (2010/11/16)
Fatty acid decarboxylation was studied in a semibatch reactor over 1 wt.% Pd/C (Sibunit) using five different fatty acids, C17-C20 and C22, as feeds. The same decarboxylation rates were obtained for pure fatty acids, whereas extensive catalyst poisoning and/or sintering and coking occurred with low purity fatty acids as reactants. One reason for catalyst poisoning using behenic acid (C22) as a feedstock was its high phosphorus content. The decarboxylation rate of fatty acids decreased also with increasing fatty acid to metal ratio.
Efficient heterogeneous dual catalyst systems for alkane metathesis
Huang, Zheng,Rolfe, Eleanor,Carson, Emily C.,Brookhart, Maurice,Goldman, Alan S,El-Khalafy, Sahar H.,Roy MacArthur, Amy H.
experimental part, p. 125 - 135 (2010/06/20)
A fully heterogeneous and highly efficient dual catalyst system for alkane metathesis (AM) has been developed. The system is comprised of an alumina-supported iridium pincer catalyst for alkane dehydrogenation/olefin hydrogenation and a second heterogeneous olefin metathesis catalyst. The iridium catalysts bear basic functional groups on the aromatic backbone of the pincer ligand and are strongly adsorbed on Lewis acid sites on alumina. The heterogeneous systems exhibit higher lifetimes and productivities relative to the corresponding homogeneous systems as catalyst/catalyst interactions and bimolecular decomposition reactions are inhibited. Additionally, using a two-pot device, the supported Ir catalysts and metathesis catalysts can be physically separated and run at different temperatures. This system with isolated catalysts shows very high turnover numbers and is selective for the formation of high molecular weight alkanes.
DEGRADATION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS TO RENDER THEM AVAILABLE FOR BIODEGRADATION
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Page/Page column 9-11; 17-18, (2008/12/07)
A method for the degradation of polycyclic aromatic compounds is disclosed that involves dissolving ozone in a bipolar solvent comprising a non-polar solvent in which is of sufficiently non-polar character to solubilized the polycyclic aromatic compounds, and a polar-water-compatible solvent which is fully miscible with the non-polar solvent to form a single phase with the non-polar solvent. The bipolar solvent with dissolved ozone is contacted with the polycyclic aromatic compounds to solubilize the polycyclic aromatic compounds and react the dissolved polycyclic aromatic compounds with the ozone to degrade the dissolved polycyclic aromatic compounds to oxygenated intermediates. The bipolar solvent is then mixed with sufficient water to form separate non-polar and polar phases, the non-polar phase comprising the non-polar solvent and the polar phase comprising the non-polar solvent and the oxygenated intermediates. The polar phase is then diluted and incubated with bacteria to biodegrade the oxygenated intermediates.
CATALYTIC PROCESS FOR CONVERTING RENEWABLE RESOURCES INTO PARAFFINS FOR USE AS DIESEL BLENDING STOCKS
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Page/Page column 7, (2009/01/24)
A process for converting renewable resources such as vegetable oil and animal fat into paraffins in a single step which comprises contacting a feed which is a renewable resources with hydrogen and a catalyst which comprises molybdenum, a non-precious metal and an oxide to produce a hydrocarbon product having a ratio of even-numbered hydrocarbons to odd-numbered hydrocarbons of at least 2:1.
