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7440-36-0Relevant academic research and scientific papers
A facile route to fabricate single-crystalline antimony nanotube arrays
Li, Liang,Xiao, Yanhe,Yang, Youwen,Huang, Xiaohu,Li, Guanghai,Zhang, Lide
, p. 930 - 931 (2005)
Single-crystalline antimony nanotube arrays are fabricated in the anodic alumina membranes using the pulsed electrodeposition technique for the first time. The thickness of Au layer sputtered on the anodic alumina membrane and the pulsed electrode-position technique are two key factors to produce single-crystalline nanotubes. Copyright
Thermal behavior of antimony nanowire arrays embedded in anodic aluminum oxide template
Zhang,Ding,Zhang,Hao,Meng,Zhang
, p. 493 - 497 (2007)
Highly oriented single crystal antimony nanowire arrays have been synthesized within anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template by pulsed electrodeposition. Thermal behavior and oxidation analysis of the antimony nanowires have been investigated by means of thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry in Ar and air atmosphere, respectively. Compared to bulk antimony, the antimony nanowires exhibit a lower sublimation temperature at 496.4°C. Evident oxidation of the Sb nanowires occurs at 429.8°C in air atmosphere and α-Sb2O4 nanowires have been obtained as the oxidation product. The results indicate that the sublimation and the oxidation of the antimony nanowires in the AAO template is a slow multi-step process. The present results are of relevance when processing antimony nanowries for thermoelectric applications at high temperatures.
Chemistry of polyfunctional molecules - 123.1 reactions of BiBr3, SbI3 and AsI3 with LiN(PPh2)2; X-ray structure of a cyclophosphazene salt containing arsenic(I)
Dotzler, Martina,Schmidt, Astrid,Ellermann, Jochen,Knock, Falk A.,Moll, Matthias,Bauer, Walter
, p. 4425 - 4433 (1996)
BiBr3 or SbI3 react at 20°C with LiN(PPh2)2 (1) to give elementary Bi or Sb and the P-P coupled phosphazene ligand Ph2P-N=PPh2-PPh2=N-PPh2 (2). The reaction of AsI3 with 1 at room temperature formed yellow needles of the eight-membered heterocycle AsPPh2NPPh2AsPPh2NPPh2 (3), whereas AsI3 interacted at 80°C with 1 in the molar ratio of 1:3 to give elementary arsenic and 2. Treatment of AsI3 and 1 at 20°C in a 1:2 stoichiometry yielded the seven-membered, cyclic arsenium (I) salt [As-...PPh2-N=PPh2-PPh2=N-PPh 2] I · 4THF (5 · 4THF), which was characterized by elemental analysis, conductivity, mass, IR and NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray structural analysis. Copyright
Solution synthesis of a new thermoelectric Zn1+ xSb nanophase and its structure determination using automated electron diffraction tomography
Birkel, Christina S.,Mugnaioli, Enrico,Gorelik, Tatiana,Kolb, Ute,Panthoefer, Martin,Tremel, Wolfgang
, p. 9881 - 9889 (2010)
Engineering materials with specific physical properties have recently focused on the effect of nanoscopic inhomogeneities at the 10 nm scale. Such features are expected to scatter medium- and long-wavelength phonons thereby lowering the thermal conductivity of the system. Low thermal conductivity is a prerequisite for effective thermoelectric materials, and the challenge is to limit the transport of heat by phonons, without simultaneously decreasing charge transport. A solution-phase technique was devised for synthesis of thermoelectric Zn4Sb3 nanocrystals as a precursor for phase segregation into ZnSb and a new Zn-Sb intermetallic phase, Zn 1+δSb, in a peritectoid reaction. Our approach uses activated metal nanoparticles as precursors for the synthesis of this intermetallic compound. The small particle size of the reactants ensures minimum diffusion paths, low activation barriers, and low reaction temperatures, thereby eliminating solid-solid diffusion as the rate-limiting step in conventional bulk-scale solid-state synthesis. Both phases were identified and structurally characterized by automated electron diffraction tomography combined with precession electron diffraction. An ab initio structure solution based on electron diffraction data revealed two different phases. The new pseudo-hexagonal phase, Zn1+δSb, was identified and classified within the structural diversity of the Zn-Sb phase diagram.
Preparation and electrochemical properties of binary SixSb immiscible alloy for lithium ion batteries
Wang, Jingwei,Wang, Yang,Zhang, Peixin,Zhang, Dongyun,Ren, Xiangzhong
, p. 308 - 314 (2014)
The novel binary SixSb immiscible alloy was synthesized using chemical reduction-mechanical alloying methods and first investigated as possible anodes for lithium ion batteries. The microstructures, morphologies and electrochemical properties were investigated utilizing X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), constant-current charge/discharge tests, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Results showed that tiny Si particles were dispersed homogeneously in Sb active matrix. Cyclic voltammetry results indicated that the Li+-transport rates were significantly enhanced in the Si xSb immiscible alloy. Results also showed that the Si0.8Sb exhibited the best cyclability with a reversible capacity of 596.4 mAh g -1 after 50 cycles. The cyclability can be improved by restricting either the upper or lower cutoff voltage, which can control the lithiation/delithiation degree and prevented the powdering and shredding of the active materials after Li+ trapped into electrode materials.
Preparation of nanosized antimony by mechanochemical reduction of antimony sulphide Sb2S3
Balá?,Takacs,Godo?íková,?korvánek,Ková?,Choi
, p. 773 - 775 (2007)
The preparation of nanosized antimony (grain size 19 nm) by high-energy milling of antimony sulphide Sb2S3 with elemental Fe as reducing element is reported. The mechanochemical reduction was performed in a planetary ball mill for 10-180 min. The process is rather straightforward with elemental antimony and iron sulphide (pyrrhotite-4H) being the only solid-state products. The process kinetics as described by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) magnetometry shows that most of the reduction is complete after 60 min of milling.
Antimony film electrode for direct cathodic measurement of sulfasalazine
Nigovi?, Biljana,Hocevar, Samo B.
, p. 523 - 527 (2011)
The antimony film electrode (SbFE) is presented for the first time for direct cathodic voltammetric measurement of an organic compound, i.e. sulfasalazine, which has been chosen due to its aptness for electrochemical reduction and its great importance as a pharmaceutical product. The SbFE was prepared ex situ on the surface of a glassy carbon supporting electrode and several important parameters were studied and optimized, such as preparation of the SbFE, stripping voltammetric settings, pH of the measurement solution, etc. In addition, the electroanalytical performance of the SbFE was compared to its bismuth counterpart and bare glassy carbon electrode. The SbFE exhibited excellent linear dependence in the examined concentration range of 3 × 10-6-2.5 × 10-4 M together with the detection limit of 7.8 × 10-7 M and good reproducibility with the RSD of ±0.7%. Finally, the applicability of the SbFE was successfully demonstrated through convenient measurements of sulfasalazine in its dosage forms of sulfasalazine delayed-release tablets.
Chalcogenolato Complexes of Bithmuth and Antimony. Syntheses, Termolysis Reactions, and Crystal Structure of Sb(SC6H2(i-Pr)3-2,4,6)3
Bochmann, Manfred,Song, Xuejing,Hursthouse, Michael B.,Karaulov, Alexander
, p. 1649 - 1652 (1995)
Antimony(III) and bismuth(III) complexes of sterically demanding arenechalcogenolato ligands, M(EC6H2R'3-2,4,6)3 (E = S or Se; M = Sb or Bi; R' = Me, i-Pr or t-Bu) have been prepared by either protolysis of the amides M3 with arenechalcogenols, or from MCl3 by halide exchange (M = Bi or Sb).The complexes are monomeric in the solid state and sublime readily.The crystal structure of Sb(SC6H2(i-Pr)3-2,4,6)3 has been determined by X-ray diffraction.The compound possesses a trigonal-pyramidal geometry, with Sb-S distances of 2.418(2)-2.438(2) Angstroem and S-Sb-S angles of 94.69(7)-98.29(8) deg.Preliminary X-ray results on Bi(SeC6H2(i-Pr)3-2,4,6)3 showed that the compounds of Sb and Bi are isostructural.Thermolytic decomposition of some of the compounds has been carried out in the solid state.Compounds with R' = Me or i-Pr undergo reductive elimination to give elemental bismuth or antimony, whereas the bulky selenolates M(SeC6H2(t-Bu)3-2,4,6)3 afford M2Se3.
Scalable synthesis of Sb(III)Sb(V)O4 nanorods from Sb 2O5 powder via solvothermal processing
Ji, Tianhao,Tang, Maoyu,Guo, Lin,Qi, Xingyi,Yang, Qinglin,Xu, Huibin
, p. 765 - 769 (2005)
Scalable Sb(III)Sb(V)O4 nanorods from Sb2O 5 powder were prepared using solvothermal route. XRD and HRTEM demonstrate that the nanorods are single-crystal orthorhombic-Sb 2O4 phase with several micrometers long and 200-300 nm diameter size. XPS result further shows that the antimony cations in the nanorods are composed of three valence and five valence antimony ions. The emission of the nanorods appears around 450 nm wavelength. The formation mechanism of the Sb(III)Sb(V)O4 nanorods was discussed in detail.
Phase stability and thermoelectric properties of Cu10.5Zn1.5Sb4S13 tetrahedrite
Harish, Subramaniam,Sivaprahasam, Duraisamy,Battabyal, Manjusha,Gopalan, Raghavan
, p. 323 - 328 (2016)
Cu10.5Zn1.5Sb4S13 tetrahedrite compound was prepared by mechanical milling of Cu2S, ZnS and Sb2S3 powders and spark plasma sintered (SPS) to dense samples. The phase formation, chemical homogeneity, thermal stability of the compound and the thermoelectric properties of the sintered samples were evaluated. Single phase tetrahedrite with the crystallite size of 40 nm was obtained after 30 h of milling followed by annealing at 573 K for 6 h in an argon atmosphere. In-situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction studies revealed that the phase is stable up to 773 K. The Seebeck coefficient of the sintered samples of density >98% shows p-type behavior with maximum thermopower of 170 μV/K at 573 K. The electrical resistivity (ρ) decreases with temperature up to 475 K and then increases. A low thermal conductivity of 0.5 W/(m?K), in combination with moderate power factor gave a maximum ZT of ～0.038 at 573 K in Cu10.5Zn1.5Sb4S13 sample having a grain size of ～200 nm.
