7758-19-2Relevant articles and documents
Process for reconfiguring keratin fibre
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, (2008/06/13)
A process of recofiguring keratin fibre is disclosed. The process includes rolling, winding, curling, looping lapping, folding, twirling, bending, curving, twisting, coiling, twining, entwining or straightening the keratin fibre or leaving the keratin fibre unchanged. A reducing agent is then applied to the keratin fibre to reduce cystine disulfide linkages and other susceptible linkages in the keratin fibre. An oxidizing agent is applied to the keratin fibre having the reducing agent, to set cystine disulfide linkages in the keratin fibre. The reducing agent and the oxidizing agent are then removed from the keratin fibre by rinsing the keratin fibre.
Experimental and modeling study of oscillations in the chlorine dioxide-iodine-malonic acid reaction
Lengyel, István,Rábai, Gyula,Epstein, Irving R.
, p. 9104 - 9110 (2007/10/02)
At pH 0.5-5.0, a closed system containing an aqueous mixture of chlorine dioxide, iodine, and a species such as malonic acid (MA) or ethyl acetoacetate, which reacts with iodine to produce iodide, shows periodic changes in the light absorbance of I3-. This behavior can be modeled by a simple scheme consisting of three component reactions: (1) the reaction between MA and iodine, which serves as a continuous source of I-; (2) the reaction between ClO2? and I-, which acts as a source of ClO2-; and (3) the self-inhibited reaction of chlorite and iodide that kinetically regulates the system. The fast component reaction between chlorine dioxide and iodide ion was studied by stopped-flow spectrophotometry. The rate law is -[ClO2?]/df = 6 × 103 (M-2 s-1)[ClO2?][I-]. A two-variable model obtained from the empirical rate laws of the three component reactions gives a good description of the dynamics of the system. The oscillatory behavior results not from autocatalysis but from the self-inhibitory character of the chlorite-iodide reaction.
Slow electron transfer between main-group species: Oxidation of nitrite by chlorine dioxide
Stanbury, David M.,Martinez, Roland,Tseng, Ewen,Miller, Charles E.
, p. 4277 - 4280 (2008/10/08)
A detailed study of the reaction of ClO2 with NO2- in aqueous media has been carried out. With excess NO2- the reaction gives ClO2- and NO3- as products; ClO2- reacts with NO2- to give Cl- and NO3- in a slower phase. The rate law for the first phase is first order with respect to both [ClO2] and [NO2-], with k = 153 M-1 s-1 at 25°C, ΔH? = 56.5 ± 1.1 kJ mol-1, and ΔS? = -14 ± 4 J mol-1 K-1. ClO2- inhibits the rate of the reaction, and its effect has been modeled by a mechanism involving reversible electron transfer to form NO2 and ClO2- as primary products, followed by disproportionation of NO2. The electron-transfer rate constant, although much less than diffusion controlled, is 3 orders of magnitude greater than that predicted by the cross relationship of Marcus' theory, implying a strong-overlap mechanism.
