9005-25-8 Usage
Uses
Used in Cosmetics and Face Powders:
Starch is used as a thickener and provides a "peach-like" bloom and smooth surface on the skin. However, rice starch may have drawbacks such as caking when moistened and providing an environment for bacterial growth.
Used in Dusting Powders:
Starch serves as a pharmaceutic aid in dusting powders, providing a soothing and absorbent quality to the skin.
Used in Food Industry:
Starch is used as a thickening agent in various food products, with different types of starches offering unique properties and functionalities.
Used in Modified Starches:
Starch can be modified through treatment to alter its functional properties, resulting in a range of modified starches such as acid-modified cornstarch, food starch modified, modified food starch, oxidized cornstarch, pregelatinized starch, thin-boiling starch, and wheat starch, gelatinized. These modified starches have specific applications in various industries, including food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.
Production Methods
Starch is extracted from plant sources with specific processes
according to the botanical origin. Typical production steps are
steeping (corn), wet milling (corn, potato), dry milling (wheat), or
sieving and physical separation with hydrocyclones. The last
production step is usually a centrifugal separation from the starch
slurry followed by drying with hot air. The starch separation
process may use sulfur dioxide or peroxides as a processing aid,
improving the separation process and the microbial quality of the
final product.
Reactivity Profile
Starch is combustible. Presents a dust explosion hazard if dispersed as a fine dust in air in sufficient concentrations. Granules swell greatly in water and produce a colloidal suspension. Incompatible with oxidizing agents, acids, iodine, bases. Reacts with nitric acid/sulfuric acid mixtures to give nitroStarch, an explosive.
Hazard
Dermatitis. Questionable carcinogen.
Pharmaceutical Applications
Starch is a versatile excipient used primarily in oral solid-dosage
formulations where it is utilized as a binder, diluent, and
disintegrant.
As a diluent, starch is used for the preparation of standardized
triturates of colorants, potent drugs, and herbal extracts, facilitating
subsequent mixing or blending processes in manufacturing operations.
Starch is also used in dry-filled capsule formulations for
volume adjustment of the fill matrix, and to improve powder
flow, especially when using dried starches. Starch quantities of
3–10% w/w can act as an antiadherent and lubricant in tableting
and capsule filling.
In tablet formulations, freshly prepared starch paste is used at a
concentration of 3–20% w/w (usually 5–10%, depending on the
starch type) as a binder for wet granulation. The required binder
ratio should be determined by optimization studies, using parameters
such as tablet friability and hardness, disintegration time,
and drug dissolution rate.
Starch is one of the most commonly used tablet disintegrants at
concentrations of 3–25% w/w; a typical concentration is 15%.
When using starch, a prior granulation step is required in most cases
to avoid problems with insufficient flow and segregation. A starch–
lactose compound has been introduced enabling the use of granular
starch in direct compression, improving the tableting process and
the disintegration time of the tablets. However, starch that is not
pregelatinized does not compress well and tends to increase tablet
friability and capping if used in high concentrations. Balancing the elastic properties of starch with adapted
excipients has been shown to improve the compaction properties in
tableting.
Starch, particularly the fine powders of rice and wheat starch, is
also used in topical preparations for its absorbency of liquids.
Starch paste is used in ointment formulations, usually in the
presence of higher ratios of glycerin.
Starch has been investigated as an excipient in novel drug
delivery systems for nasal, and other site-specific delivery
systems. The retrogradation of starch can be used to modify
the surface properties of drug particles. Starches are useful
carriers for amorphous drug preparations, such as pellets with
immediate or delayed drug release obtained, for example, by melt
extrusion, and they can improve the bioavailability of poorly
soluble drugs.
Starch, particularly rice starch, has also been used in the
treatment of children’s diarrheal diseases. Specific starch varieties
with a high amylose content (resistant starches) are used as
insoluble fiber in clinical nutrition, and also for colon-targeting
applications. Due to their very high gelatinization temperature,
these starches are used in extrusion/spheronization processes.
Starches with a high amylopectin content (waxy starches) are used
as the starting material for the synthesis of hydroxyethyl starch, a
plasma volume expander.
Native starches conforming to pharmacopeial specifications are
used as the raw materials for the production of starch-based
excipients and active pharmaceutical ingredients, frequently covered
with their own pharmacopeial monographs.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Starch is a carbohydrate made up of glucose units joined by glycosidic bonds. Undigested part of potato starch is referred as Resistant starch (RS). Resistant starch, RS4 reduces the concentrations of total cholesterol and triglycerides in the serum as well as enhances the concentration of HDL-cholesterol in Wistar rats.
Safety Profile
A nuisance dust. Mildly toxic by intraperitoneal route. A skin irritant. An allergen. Flammable when exposed to flame; can react with oxidizing materials. Moderately explosive when exposed to flame.
Safety
Starch is an edible food substance, considered a food ingredient and
not a food additive. It is regarded as an essentially nontoxic and
nonirritant material. Starch is therefore widely used as an
excipient in pharmaceutical formulations.
Both amylose and amylopectin have been evaluated as safe and
without limitation for daily intake. Allergic reactions to starch
are extremely rare and individuals apparently allergic to one
particular starch may not experience adverse effects with a starch
from a different botanical source. The wheat proteins (gluten) are
problematic for conditions such as celiac disease.
Contamination of surgical wounds with the starch glove powder
used by surgeons has resulted in the development of granulomatous
lesions.
LD50 (mouse, IP): 6.6 g/kg
storage
Dry starch is stable if protected from high humidity. Starch is
considered to be chemically and microbiologically inert under normal storage conditions. Starch solutions or pastes are physically
unstable and are readily metabolized by microorganisms; they
should therefore be freshly prepared when used for wet granulation.
Starch should be stored in an airtight container in a cool, dry
place.
Incompatibilities
Starch is incompatible with strongly oxidizing substances. Colored
inclusion compounds are formed with iodine.
Regulatory Status
GRAS listed. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database
(buccal tablets, oral capsules, powders, suspensions and tablets;
topical preparations; and vaginal tablets). Included in nonparenteral
medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of
Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.
Check Digit Verification of cas no
The CAS Registry Mumber 9005-25-8 includes 7 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 4 digits, 9,0,0 and 5 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 2 and 5 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 9005-25:
(6*9)+(5*0)+(4*0)+(3*5)+(2*2)+(1*5)=78
78 % 10 = 8
So 9005-25-8 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
9005-25-8Relevant articles and documents
PROTEIN STERILISATION BY RADIATION AND ADDITION OF A STABILISING COMPOSITION
-
, (2010/03/02)
A method of sterilising a protein, comprises exposing to ionising radiation an at least substantially dry composition comprises a protein and a protective compound or combination of protective compounds having both of the following characteristics: (i) a rate of reaction with singlet oxygen greater than 1×10 7 L mol?1 S?1; (ii) being a reducing agent whilst at the same time containing a proton dissociable group with a pKa no more than 3 units from the pH of the composition. The compound having characteristic (i) is selected from histidine, thiamine and tryptophan, the compound having characteristic (ii) is selected from methionine, malate, citrate, lactate and tiron. The radiation is gamma radiation or electron beam, whereby the preferred dose is 15-40 kGy.
Treatment of genitourinary tract disorders
-
, (2008/06/13)
Genitourinary system disorders are treated with therapeutic agents, and optionally further with radiation treatments.
Oil-in-water emulsion and process for producing the same
-
Page/Page column 9, (2008/06/13)
The invention relates to an oil-in-water emulsion obtained by mixing (a) a polymer compound having, in a side chain, a group represented by formula (1):-(OX)n-E2-R wherein X represents a C1 to C6 divalent saturated hydrocarbon group, n is a number of 5 to 300, E2 is an ether linkage or an ester linkage, and R represents a C4 to C30 hydrocarbon group, (b) a water-soluble polyol, (c) a nonionic surfactant, (d) a hydrophobic compound, and water and diluting the resulting mixture with water and a process for producing the same.
Process for preparing optically pure (S)-3-hydroxy-γ-butyrolactone
-
, (2008/06/13)
The present invention relates to a process for preparing optically pure (S)-3-hydroxy-γ-butyrolactone expressed by the following Formula 1 and more particularly, to a process that enables preparing optically pure (S)-3-hydroxy-γ-butyrolactone economically in large quantities, by: (a) Preparing α-(1,4) linked oligosaccharide with adequate sugar distribution by reacting starch which is easily available from natural product with enzyme under a specific condition; and (b) Performing oxidation and cyclization sequentially under a specific condition.
Treatment of genitourinary tract disorders
-
, (2008/06/13)
Genitourinary system disorders are treated with therapeutic agents, and optionally further with radiation treatments.
Antipsychotic sulfonamide-heterocycles, and methods of use thereof
-
, (2008/06/13)
One aspect of the present invention relates to heterocyclic compounds comprising a sulfonamide moiety. A second aspect of the present invention relates to the use of the heterocyclic compounds comprising a sulfonamide moiety to treat diseases, afflictions or maladies caused at least in part by abnormal activity of one or more GPCRs or ligand-gated ion channels. An additional aspect of the present invention relates to the synthesis of combinatorial libraries of the heterocyclic compounds comprising a sulfonamide moiety, and the screening of those libraries for biological activity, e.g., in animal models of psychosis.
Fibrinogen-coated particles for therapeutic use
-
, (2008/06/13)
The invention provides a particle comprising fibrinogen bound on the surface of an albumin matrix, wherein said particle is capable of coaggregation with platelet, and of aggregation in a solution containing soluble fibrinogen at a concentration of soluble fibrinogen not capable by it self of formation of a clot upon activation by thrombin.
Method for eliminating Staphylococcus aureus, novel microorganism of genus Brachybacterium, and care garment, care sheet or care bedclothes, each being immobilized with microorganism of genus Brachybacterium
-
, (2008/06/13)
A method for eliminating Staphylococcus aureus is disclosed, including inoculating a microorganism of the genus Brachybacterium to Staphylococcus aureus to eliminate Staphylococcus aureus. A care garment, a care sheet or care bedclothes, each being immobilized with a microorganism or genus Brachybacterium, is also disclosed. One of the microorganismns of the genus Brachybacterium useful in the invention is novel and is deposited as a bacterial strain AAA-a of the genus Brachybacterium (Accession No. FERM BP-6848) in the International Depositary Authority for the deposit of microorganism.
Cyclodextrin derivatives having at least one nitrogen-containing heterocycle, their preparation and use
-
, (2008/06/13)
Reactive cyclodextrin derivatives have at least one nitrogen-containing heterocycle. The reactive cyclodextrin derivatives include at least one nitrogen-containing heterocycle having at least one electrophilic center.
Process for the protection of plant seeds and apparatus to carry out said process
-
, (2008/06/13)
An improved process for the phytoprotection of plant seeds, wherein there is simultaneously applied to the seeds, on the one hand, at least one first liquid composition containing at least one phytoprotection product, and on the other hand, a foam formed from a second composition, containing at least one nonphytotoxic foaming agent.
