A new silver 1D-coordination polymer with bridging 2-aminopyrimidine, synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity

Article abstract of DOI:10.1080/00958972.2021.1896712

A new silver(?) complex formulated as [Ag(μ-amp)(ONO₂)]_n (1) (amp = 2-aminopyrimidine) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Its thermal stability was studied by TGA/DTA. The bridging 2-aminopyrimidine ligands connect Ag(I) ions into a polymeric chain extended along the a axis; the chains are connected by nitrate anions and Ag…Ag interactions into 2 D arrays parallel with ac; these arrays are finally connected by hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional network. In vitro antibacterial activities of 1 on Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC29219), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC27853) and Escherichia coli (ATCC25922) as important pathogens in producing infection in humans were investigated. Antibacterial activities were studied by determining minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The silver 1 D-coordination polymer with appropriate concentrations has good efficacy on these microorganisms. Escherichia coli is most sensitive to the complex (MIC: 0.009 μg/mL).

Full text of DOI:10.1080/00958972.2021.1896712

Journal of Coordination Chemistry
ISSN: (Print) (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/gcoo20
A new silver 1D-coordination polymer with
bridging 2-aminopyrimidine, synthesis,
characterization and antibacterial activity
Ghasem Ahadiat, Masoumeh Tabatabaee, Khodayar Gholivand, Karim Zare
&
Michal Dušek
To cite this article: Ghasem Ahadiat, Masoumeh Tabatabaee, Khodayar Gholivand, Karim Zare
Michal Dušek (2021) A new silver 1D-coordination polymer with bridging 2-aminopyrimidine,
synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity, Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 74:7,
057-1065, DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2021.1896712
&
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JOURNAL OF COORDINATION CHEMISTRY
021, VOL. 74, NO. 7, 1057–1065
2
https://doi.org/10.1080/00958972.2021.1896712
A new silver 1D-coordination polymer with bridging
2
-aminopyrimidine, synthesis, characterization
and antibacterial activity
a
b
c
Ghasem Ahadiat , Masoumeh Tabatabaee
, Khodayar Gholivand ,
a
d
Karim Zare and Michal Du ꢀs ek
a
Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran;
b
c
Department of Chemistry, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran; Department of
d
Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Institute of Physics ASCR, v.v.i, Praha 8,
Czech Republic
ABSTRACT
ARTICLE HISTORY
A new silver(I) complex formulated as [Ag(l-amp)(ONO2)]n (1)
Received 18 September 2020
Accepted 8 February 2021
(
amp ¼ 2-aminopyrimidine) was synthesized and characterized by
elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray dif-
fraction. Its thermal stability was studied by TGA/DTA. The bridg-
ing 2-aminopyrimidine ligands connect Ag(I) ions into a polymeric
chain extended along the a axis; the chains are connected by
nitrate anions and Ag … Ag interactions into 2 D arrays parallel
with ac; these arrays are finally connected by hydrogen bonds
into a three-dimensional network. In vitro antibacterial activities of
KEYWORDS
Silver coordination polymer;
aminopyrimidine; In vitro;
antibacterial activity; crystal
structure; hydrother-
mal synthesis
on Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923), Enterococcus faecalis
Escherichia coli (ATCC25922) as important pathogens in producing
infection in humans were investigated. Antibacterial activities
were studied by determining minimum inhibitory concentration
(
1
MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The silver
D-coordination polymer with appropriate concentrations has
good efficacy on these microorganisms. Escherichia coli is most
sensitive to the complex (MIC: 0.009mg/mL).
CONTACT Masoumeh Tabatabaee
tabatabaee@iauyazd.ac.ir
Department of Chemistry, Yazd Branch, Islamic
Azad University, Yazd, Iran.
Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/00958972.2021.1896712.
ß 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group

1
058
G. AHADIAT ET AL.
1. Introduction
Pyrimidine derivatives have been widely used in medicinal and industrial applications
due to their biological activities [1]. In acidic media 2-aminopyrimidine can be proto-
nated to 2-apmH (2-apmH ¼ 2-aminopyrimidinium and 2-apmH (2-apmH ¼ 2-amino-
2
2
þ
pyrimidinium (2 )) cations. These cations can be presented as counter ions in
complexes. Complexes of platinum(II) with 2-aminopyrimidine derivatives, cis- or trans-
[
PtL X ], were reported. The crystal structures of several metal complexes containing
2 2
2
-aminopyrimidine in neutral or acidic solution with MX salts (M ¼ Co, Ni, Cu and Mn)
2
have been reported [2–4]. In continuation of our work on the synthesis of metal com-
plexes with mixed amine and polycarboxylate ligands, we used 2-aminopyrimide as a
polynitrogen-containing amine with dipicolinic acid for synthesis of metal complexes.
In Fe(III), V(V) and Mn(II) complexes 2-aminopyrimidine was protonated to 2-apmH (2-
apmH ¼ 2-aminopyrimidinium) and the cation was present as a counter ion [5, 6], but
it coordinated to Ni(II), Co(II) and Cu(II) in [Co(amp)(pydc)(H O) ]ꢀH O [7]
2
2
2
[
Ni(amp)(pydc)(H O) ]ꢀH O [8] and f[Cu(pydc)(amp)]ꢀ3H Og
complexes [9].
2
2
2
2
n
Coordination polymers have applications in many fields, such as adsorption and separ-
ation processes, ion exchange, molecular recognition, catalysis, and molecular magnet-
I
ism [10–14]. The coordination sphere of Ag is flexible, adopting coordination numbers
between two and six, with geometries from linear to octahedral [15–18]. Ag coordin-
I
ation polymers with bipyridine-type ligands are well-known for simple 1 D motifs
[19, 20].

JOURNAL OF COORDINATION CHEMISTRY
1059
Table 1. Crystal data of [Ag(l-amp)(ONO )] .
2
n
Empirical formula.
Formula weight/g mol
Crystal size (mm)
Crystal system
Space group
a [Å]
C
4
H
5
Ag
265
1
N
4
O
3
ꢁ1
0.080 ꢃ 0.062 ꢃ 0.054
Triclinic
P-1
6.4479(15)
7.5232(18)
7.583(2)
71.78(2)
87.08(2)
82.83(2)
346.64(15)
2
b [Å]
c [Å]
ꢂ
a [ ]
ꢂ
b [ ]
ꢂ
c [ ]
3
Volume Å
Z
D
calcd. [gꢀcmꢁ
3
]
2.5387
multi-scan
256
Absorption correction
F(000)
Temperature [k]
293
Index range h
k
l
ꢁ7!8
ꢁ7!10
ꢁ8!10
4567
Reflections collected
No. independent reflections / Rint
1585 [R(in1t)15¼ 0.0394]
No. refined parameters
(
a)
R, wR [all data] 0.0836, 0.1026
0.0368, 0.0379
a
2
2
2
2
2
w ¼ 1/[r (F
o
) þ (0.0010 P) þ 0.9300 P], P ¼ [max(F
o
, 0) þ 2 F
c
]/3.
Many silver compounds have antimicrobial activities [21]. One of the most popular
silver drugs is silver sulfadiazine (SSD or AgSD) used in wound therapy [22]. Some
silver(I) complexes exhibit greater cytotoxic activity than cis-platin for cancer treatment
with relatively low toxicity to normal human cells. Ag(I) complexes show selectivity
toward various types of tumor cells, dependent on the type of ligand linked to
silver(I). This dependency is probably connected with the stability of the complexes
and the hydrophilicity-lipophilicity of the complexes formed by the ligands [23].
In continuation of our research on coordination polymers with bridging ligands
[24–28], in this paper, we report synthesis and characterization of a new 1 D coordin-
ation polymer of silver(I), [Ag(l-amp)(ONO )] (1), bridged by 2-aminopyrimidine.
2
n
2. Experimental
2.1. Materials and instrumentations
Chemicals were purchased as reagent grade and used without purification. IR spectra
were recorded using an IR Spectra Shimadzu spectrometer 470 (KBr pellets, Nujol
ꢁ
1
mulls, 4000-400 cm ). TGA/DTA measurements were performed at a heating rate of
ꢂ
ꢁ1
ꢂ
ꢁ1
1
0 C min from 25-400 C under nitrogen flow of 20 mL min on a Netzsch TG-209-
S1. Approximately 10 mg of sample was placed in a standard aluminum crucible. The
elemental analyses were performed using a Costech ECS 4010 CHNS analyzer.
2.2. Synthesis of 1
2
-Aminopyrimidine (0.190 g, 2 mmol) and 0.845 g AgNO (5 mmol) dissolved in 10 mL
3
of deionized water were stirred for 30 min at room temperature. Then the mixture was

1
060
G. AHADIAT ET AL.
ꢂ
Table 2. Selected bond lengths (Å) and angles ( ) of 1.
Ag(1)-O(3)
Ag(1)-N(4)
Ag(1)-N(2)
2.398(4)
2.212(4)
2.248(4)
N(2)-Ag(1)-N(4)
O(3)-Ag(1)-N(2)
O(3)-Ag(1)-N(4)
131.79(14)
95.34(14)
129.44(14)
ꢂ
placed in a Parr Teflon-lined stainless-steel sealed vessel and kept at 130 C for 8 h. It
was then slowly cooled to room temperature. The obtained precipitate was filtered
from the reaction mixtures. (Yield 82%). Anal. Calcd. for C H Ag N O (M ¼ 265): C,
4
5
1 4 3
ꢁ
1
1
3
1
5
8.11; H, 1.89; N, 21.13%. Found: C, 18.19; H, 1.81; N, 21.28%. IR (KBr) (v, cm ): 3200-
400 (s), 1787 (w), 1761 (w), 1619 (s), 1558 (s), 1476 (s) 1350 (s), 1319(s), 1246 (m),
216 (m), 1178 (m), 1124 (m), 1033 (m), 985 (m), 828 (m), 781 (s), 697 (m), 668 (w),
ꢂ
95 (m), 521 (w), 482 (m), 451 (s). The clear solutions were kept at 4 C until colorless
crystals of 1 suitable for X-ray diffraction were obtained. The precipitate and the crys-
tals obtained are 1, as confirmed by IR spectroscopy.
2.3. X-Ray crystallography
X-ray structure analysis of single crystals was carried out on a four-circle X-ray diffract-
ometer SuperNova of Rigaku Oxford Diffraction using a micro focus mirror-collimated
source of MoKa radiation and CCD detector Atlas S2. The quality of data was good
and structure solution using the charge-flipping algorithm [29] implemented in
SUPERFLIP [30] and structure refinement with Jana2006 [31] were straightforward. All
non-hydrogen atoms were refined using harmonic displacement parameters while for
hydrogens we used isotropic displacement parameters calculated as a 1.2 multiple of
Ueq of the corresponding parent atom. Hydrogen atoms could be distinguished in dif-
ference Fourier maps. For carbon, hydrogens were attached geometrically, while for
nitrogen positions of hydrogens were refined using a restraint confining all N-H distan-
ces to be the same.
3. Results and discussion
Hydrothermal synthesis is a good method to prepare crystalline coordination polymers
and various coordination polymers were synthesized by hydrothermal methods with
different size, morphology and crystalline structure [32, 33]. The reaction of silver(I)
with 2-aminopyrimidine in molar ratio 1:1 in water under hydrothermal reaction led to
the crystalline coordination polymer, [Ag(l-amp)(ONO )] (1).
2
n
3.1. Crystal structures
Table 1 shows the crystallographic data of 1. Selected bond lengths and angles are
given in Table 2. The asymmetric unit extended by one symmetry-related silver is
shown in Figure 1. Compound 1 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1. Polymeric
chain of 1 is composed of Ag(I) ions bridged by 2-amino pyrimidine molecules.
Silver(I) in 1 has its closest atoms arranged in a triangle formed by an oxygen of
nitrate and two endocyclic nitrogens (N2 and N4) from two different l-2-amino pyrimi-
dine ligands. The closest silver ion participating in Ag … Ag interaction (Ag1-Ag1

JOURNAL OF COORDINATION CHEMISTRY
1061
Figure 1. ORTEP view of [Ag(l-amp)(ONO )] showing atoms via thermal ellipsoids at 50% prob-
2
n
ability level (only the labels of symmetrically independent part are shown and the H atoms are
omitted for clarity). Symmetry codes: i ¼ ꢁ1 þ x,y,z and ii ¼ 1 þ x,y,z.
Figure 2. The coordination polyhedron in form of a trigonal bipyramid (the H atoms are omitted
for clarity).
3
.171(1) Å) and another oxygen of different but symmetry-related nitrate anion (Ag1-
O2 2.7704(53) Å) complete the coordination polyhedron in a trigonal bipyramid
Figure 2). The Ag-O and Ag-N bond distances 2.398(4) Å (Ag1-O3), 2.248(4) Å (Ag1-
(
N2) and 2.212(4) Å (Ag1-N2) are within the range of corresponding distances reported
for other Ag(I) complexes [34, 35].
The bridging 2-aminopyrimidine ligands connect Ag(I) ions into a polymeric chain
(Figure 3) extended along the a axis; the chains are connected by nitrate anions and
Ag … Ag interactions into sheets parallel with ac; the sheets are finally connected by
hydrogen bonds (Figure S1 and Table S1) into a three-dimensional network. The
Ag … Ag separation (3.171(1) Å) is in accord with reported ones for similar silver
coordination polymers [36–38]. The Ag-O contacts between chains are 2.7704(53) Å,

1
062
G. AHADIAT ET AL.
Figure 3. The fragment of crystal packing of trans-[Ag(l-amp)(ONO )] along the crystallographic
2
n
bc plane (the H atoms are omitted for clarity).
Figure 4. Thermal analysis (TGA/DTA) of 1.
Table 3. Antimicrobial activity of [Ag(l-amp)(ONO )] against four microorganism.
2
n
Bacteria
MIC mg/ mL
MBC mg/ mL
Escherichia coli
0.009
0.019
0.030
0.019
0.018
0.039
0.078
0.039
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus faecalis
which is longer than the typical Ag-O distance of 2.398 Å, however, consistent with
structures in CSD.
3.2. Ir spectroscopy
ꢁ
1
Bands at 3280-3410 cm are broad (Figure S2), suggesting the presence of hydrogen
ꢁ
1
–
bonds. A band at 1558 cm is attributed to C ¼ N of aminopyrimidine. NO3 can be
monodentate or bidentate coordinated. Ionic nitrates have a single absorption from
700-1800 cm while coordinated nitrates display two absorption bands, separated
ꢁ
1
1

JOURNAL OF COORDINATION CHEMISTRY
1063
ꢁ
1
ꢁ1
ꢁ1
by 22-27 cm for monodentate and 50-55 cm for bidentate. In 1 Dm is 27 cm
,
consistent with monodentate nitrate [39], in agreement with its crystal structure.
3.3. Thermal analysis (TGA/DTA)
Thermogravimetric analyses of 1 were carried out to examine their thermal stabilities.
ꢂ
ꢂ
The decomposition started at 250 C and finished at 380 C (Figure 4), indicating com-
plete removal of ligands of the complex. The main product was Ag O with a residual
2
value of 43.1% (theoretical residual value, 43.8%).
3.4. Antibacterial activity studies
The antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 1 was performed against two Gram-negative
strains: Escherichia coli (ATCC25922) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC27853) and
two Gram-positive strains: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923) and Streptococcus faeca-
lis (ATCC29219). Antibacterial activities were studied by determining minimum inhibi-
tory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) methods
(Table 3). Silver 1 D-coordination polymer with appropriate concentrations has good
efficacy on these microorganisms. Streptococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
are equally sensitive to 1. Escherichia coli is the most sensitive with MIC 0.009 mg/mL.
4
. Conclusion
-Aminopyrimidine ligands connect Ag(I) ions into a polymeric chain in [Ag(l-
amp)(ONO )] (1). The polymeric chain extended along the a axis; the chains are con-
2
2
n
nected by nitrate anions and Ag … Ag interactions into sheets parallel with the ac
plane; the sheets are finally connected by hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional
network. The antimicrobial activity of silver(I) coordination polymers has attracted
interest [40–43] and 1 broadens an important family of silver(I) coordination polymers
with antimicrobial properties. In vitro antibacterial activities of 1 were studied by
determining minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal con-
centration (MBC) methods. Results show that 1 shows good efficacy on some bacteria
such as Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC29219),
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC27853) and Escherichia coli (ATCC25922).
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Funding
This research was supported by Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University. The crys-
tallographic part was supported by the project 15-12653S of the Czech Science Foundation
using instruments of the ASTRA lab established within the Operation program Prague
Competitiveness - project CZ.2.16/3.1.00/24510.

1
064
G. AHADIAT ET AL.
ORCID
Masoumeh Tabatabaee
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0985-7804
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