Glycine

Base Information

• Chemical Name: Glycine
• CAS No.: 56-40-6
• Deprecated CAS: 52955-63-2,57678-19-0,87867-94-5,848646-45-7,1119449-36-3,1173020-11-5,1196157-78-4,1153953-88-8,1119449-36-3,1153953-88-8,1196157-78-4,57678-19-0,848646-45-7,87867-94-5
• Molecular Formula: C2H5NO2
• Molecular Weight: 75.0672
• Hs Code.: 2922.49 Oral rat LD50 7930 mg/kg
• European Community (EC) Number: 200-272-2,654-407-9
• NSC Number: 760120,25936
• UNII: TE7660XO1C
• DSSTox Substance ID: DTXSID9020667
• Nikkaji Number: J1.163K
• Wikipedia: Glycine,Glycin
• Wikidata: Q620730,Q27115084,Q105103935
• NCI Thesaurus Code: C524
• RXCUI: 4919
• Pharos Ligand ID: YXX31QZ3CNMJ
• Metabolomics Workbench ID: 37085
• ChEMBL ID: CHEMBL773
• Mol file: 56-40-6.mol

Synonyms:Acid, Aminoacetic;Aminoacetic Acid;Calcium Salt Glycine;Cobalt Salt Glycine;Copper Salt Glycine;Glycine;Glycine Carbonate (1:1), Monosodium Salt;Glycine Carbonate (2:1), Monolithium Salt;Glycine Carbonate (2:1), Monopotassium Salt;Glycine Carbonate (2:1), Monosodium Salt;Glycine Hydrochloride;Glycine Hydrochloride (2:1);Glycine Phosphate;Glycine Phosphate (1:1);Glycine Sulfate (3:1);Glycine, Calcium Salt;Glycine, Calcium Salt (2:1);Glycine, Cobalt Salt;Glycine, Copper Salt;Glycine, Monoammonium Salt;Glycine, Monopotassium Salt;Glycine, Monosodium Salt;Glycine, Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate;Hydrochloride, Glycine;Monoammonium Salt Glycine;Monopotassium Salt Glycine;Monosodium Salt Glycine;Phosphate, Glycine;Salt Glycine, Monoammonium;Salt Glycine, Monopotassium;Salt Glycine, Monosodium

Chemical Property of Glycine

Chemical Property:

• Appearance/Colour: White crystalline powder
• Vapor Pressure: 0.0000171 Pa (25 °C)
• Melting Point: 240 °C (dec.)(lit.)
• Refractive Index: 1.4264 (estimate)
• Boiling Point: 240.937 °C at 760 mmHg
• PKA: 2.35(at 25℃)
• Flash Point: 99.516 °C
• PSA: 63.32000
• Density: 1.254 g/cm³
• LogP: -0.27000
• Storage Temp.: 2-8°C
• Solubility.: H2O: 100 mg/mL
• Water Solubility.: 25 g/100 mL (25 ºC)
• XLogP3: -3.2
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
• Rotatable Bond Count: 1
• Exact Mass: 75.032028402
• Heavy Atom Count: 5
• Complexity: 42.9

Purity/Quality:

99%, ^*data from raw suppliers

Glycine,≥99%(Assaybytitration),ACSReagent ≥99%(Assaybytitration) ^*data from reagent suppliers

Safty Information:

• Statements: 33
• Safety Statements: 22-24/25

MSDS Files:

SDS file from LookChem

Total 1 MSDS from other Authors

Useful:

• Chemical Classes: Biological Agents -> Amino Acids and Derivatives
• Canonical SMILES: C(C(=O)O)N
• Recent ClinicalTrials: Glutathione, Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Function in COVID-19
• Recent EU Clinical Trials: A randomised, double-blind study evaluating the safety, tolerability, protein accretion, amino acid plasma levels and long-term outcome of Neoven compared to Vaminolact(R) in premature very low birth weight (VLBW) infants
• Recent NIPH Clinical Trials: Effects of amino acids on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
• Uses: Glycine is the simplest and only achiral proteinogenic amino acid, with a hydrogen atom as its side chain. It serves as a fundamental metabolite and neurotransmitter, contributing to various physiological processes in the body. Glycine improves aspects of health in mammalian models of age-related disease and serves as a nutraceutical and hepatoprotective agent.
• Advantages and Environmental Impact: Glycine is preferred over other amino acids due to its low cost, bulk availability, environmental safety, stability, and biodegradability. It offers advantages over conventional leaching agents in various applications.
• Synthesis and Metabolism: While considered non-essential, glycine can be synthesized endogenously from sources such as serine, choline, and hydroxyproline. Key enzymes involved in glycine synthesis and metabolism include serine hydroxymethyltransferase, peroxisomal sarcosine oxidase, and alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase.
• Role in Neurotransmission: Glycine acts as a co-agonist for N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, playing integral roles in synaptic plasticity and memory function. Dysfunction in the NMDA receptor system may contribute to age-related decline in learning and memory.
• Clinical Studies and Effects on Memory: Clinical studies have reported mixed results regarding the effects of glycine on memory enhancement. While some trials have shown improvements in memory function, others have yielded inconclusive findings.
• Diversity and Behavior: Despite its simplicity, glycine exhibits endless diversity in behavior across various phenomena. It was the first amino acid for which polymorphism was reported, and its polymorphs differ in physical properties and biological activity. Glycine clusters persist in solution, leading to "solution memory."

Technology Process of Glycine

There total 833 articles about Glycine which guide to synthetic route it. The literature collected by LookChem mainly comes from the sharing of users and the free literature resources found by Internet computing technology. We keep the original model of the professional version of literature to make it easier and faster for users to retrieve and use. At the same time, we analyze and calculate the most feasible synthesis route with the highest yield for your reference as below:

synthetic route:

Reference yield: 1.8%

pyrrolidine (123-75-1) + formic acid (64-18-6) → pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid (59378-87-9,68464-02-8,72580-53-1,72580-54-2) + glycine (56-40-6,18875-39-3,25718-94-9) + rac-Pro-OH (609-36-9,25191-13-3,37159-97-0,4305-67-3,4607-28-7)

Guidance literature:

In water; at 10 - 20 ℃; for 1h; contact glow discharge electrolysis (500-600 V, 45 mA);

Reference yield: 0.4%

pyrrolidine (123-75-1) + sodium formate (141-53-7) → pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid (59378-87-9,68464-02-8,72580-53-1,72580-54-2) + glycine (56-40-6,18875-39-3,25718-94-9) + rac-Pro-OH (609-36-9,25191-13-3,37159-97-0,4305-67-3,4607-28-7)

Guidance literature:

In water; at 10 - 20 ℃; for 1h; contact glow discharge electrolysis (500-600 V, 45 mA);

Reference yield:

N-(4-methoxybenzoyl)glycine (13214-64-7) → 4-methoxybenzoic acid (100-09-4) + glycine (56-40-6,18875-39-3,25718-94-9)

Guidance literature:

With water; N-benzoyl-L-alanine amidohydrolase; Product distribution; Kinetics; substrate specifity of N-benzoyl-L-alanine amidohydrolase;

upstream raw materials:

Hippuric Acid

diazoacetic acid ethyl ester

DL-threonine

methanol

Downstream raw materials:

betaine

3-(thien-2-yl)-serine

N-(2,2,2-trimethylacetyl)glycine

2-chlorohippuric acid

Refernces

• 1、 Sung, Yu-Sheng,Putman, Joshua,Du, Siqi,Armstrong, Daniel W.. "Enhanced carboxypeptidase efficacies and differentiation of peptide epimers". . . Retrieved 2022/01/29.
• 2、 Balamurugan, Mani,Choi, Seungwoo,Im, Sang Won,Jang, Jun Ho,Jo, Young In,Kim, Jeong Eun,Lee, Kyu Min,Lee, Moo Young,Nam, Ki Tae. "Electrochemical Synthesis of Glycine from Oxalic Acid and Nitrate". supporting information. p. 21943 - 21951. Retrieved 2021/08/30.