105-05-5Relevant articles and documents
Phosphate modified ZSM-5 for the shape-selective synthesis of para-diethylbenzene: Role of crystal size and acidity
Hodala, Janardhan L.,Halgeri, Anand B.,Shanbhag, Ganapati V.
, p. 8 - 16 (2014)
Pore engineered ZSM-5 zeolite in extrudate form was prepared and used as shape-selective catalyst for vapor phase ethylation of ethylbenzene to selectively form para-diethylbenzene. The physico-chemical properties of the catalyst were established by XRD, N2 sorption, FTIR, FESEM, NH 3-TPD and 31P MAS NMR. Alkylation of ethylbenzene with ethanol was carried out in a continuous, down-flow, tubular reactor, at atmospheric pressure and H2 as a carrier gas in vapor phase. Effect of silica to alumina ratio (SAR), crystal size, acidity of phosphate modified ZSM-5, stepwise phosphate modification and reaction conditions were studied in detail. ZSM-5 with SAR 187 was found to contain optimum acidity for phosphate modification to achieve good conversion and high selectivity for p-diethylbenzene. Under optimized reaction conditions, viz. temperature = 380 °C, ethylbenzene:ethanol mole ratio = 4:1, WHSV = 3 h-1, H 2/reactants = 2, 5PZSM-5 W catalyst gave 22.8% of ethylbenzene conversion with ～98% selectivity for para-diethylbenzene.
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Karabinos,Serijan,Gibbons
, p. 2107 (1946)
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para-Selectivity of a Highly Siliceous ZSM-5 Zeolite Modified with Arsenic(III)
Kim, Jong-Ho,Yamagishi, Kouji,Namba, Seitaro,Yashima, Tatsuaki
, p. 1793 - 1794 (1990)
A highly siliceous ZSM-5 zeolite treated with AsCl3 vapour at 673 K exhibited a high para-selectivity (94.1percent) for the alkylation of ethylbenzene with ethanol.
The influence of the external acidity of H-ZSM-5 on its shape selective properties in the disproportionation of ethylbenzene
Melson, Sabine,Schueth, Ferdi
, p. 46 - 53 (1997)
The shape selectivity of H-ZSM-5 in the disproportionation of ethylbenzene was investigated, using a set of samples with the same Si/Al ratio, but different particle sizes in the range from 0.1 to 80 μm. The number of external acid sites of each sample was measured gravimetrically by the adsorption of 2,6-dimethylpyridine. The data were correlated with the results of catalytic experiments. Conversion and product distribution are strongly dependent on the external acidity which in turn correlates well with the particle size. An estimate for the diffusion coefficient could be obtained by fitting the effectiveness factor for the different particle sizes.
Metal-free catalysis of sustainable Friedel-Crafts reactions: Direct activation of benzene by carbon nitrides to avoid the use of metal chlorides and halogenated compounds
Goettmann, Frederic,Fischer, Anna,Antonietti, Markus,Thomas, Arne
, p. 4530 - 4532 (2006)
The use of mesoporous graphitic C3N4 for the activation of benzene permitted to perform more sustainable Friedel-Crafts reactions by allowing to directly use carboxylic acids, alcohols and even quaternary ammoniums or urea as electrophiles. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2006.
Tsuji,T.,Nishida,S.
, p. 631 - 634 (1977)
Tsuji et al.
, p. 284 (1972)
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Hine,Harris
, p. 1476,1478 (1963)
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Crystal dimension of ZSM-5 influences on para selective disproportionation of ethylbenzene
Hariharan, Srinivasan,Palanichamy, Muthaiahpillai
, p. 2493 - 2500 (2014)
Crystal size and crystal dimensions are vital role in shape selective feature. Para selective disproportionation of EthylBenzene (Dip-EB) was investigated over ZSM-5 synthesized in acidic medium. The catalysts were prepared by hydrothermal process with va
Selective hydrodeoxygenation of hydroxyacetophenones to ethyl-substituted phenol derivatives using a FeRu?SILP catalyst
Bordet, Alexis,Goclik, Lisa,Leitner, Walter,Offner-Marko, Lisa
supporting information, p. 9509 - 9512 (2020/09/02)
The selective hydrodeoxygenation of hydroxyacetophenone derivatives is achieved opening a versatile pathway for the production of valuable substituted ethylphenols from readily available substrates. Bimetallic iron ruthenium nanoparticles immobilized on an imidazolium-based supported ionic liquid phase (Fe25Ru75?SILP) show high activity and stability for a broad range of substrates without acidic co-catalysts. This journal is
Unraveling the Homologation Reaction Sequence of the Zeolite-Catalyzed Ethanol-to-Hydrocarbons Process
Chowdhury, Abhishek Dutta,Lucini Paioni, Alessandra,Whiting, Gareth T.,Fu, Donglong,Baldus, Marc,Weckhuysen, Bert M.
supporting information, p. 3908 - 3912 (2019/02/20)
Although industrialized, the mechanism for catalytic upgrading of bioethanol over solid-acid catalysts (that is, the ethanol-to-hydrocarbons (ETH) reaction) has not yet been fully resolved. Moreover, mechanistic understanding of the ETH reaction relies heavily on its well-known “sister-reaction” the methanol-to-hydrocarbons (MTH) process. However, the MTH process possesses a C1-entity reactant and cannot, therefore, shed any light on the homologation reaction sequence. The reaction and deactivation mechanism of the zeolite H-ZSM-5-catalyzed ETH process was elucidated using a combination of complementary solid-state NMR and operando UV/Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, coupled with on-line mass spectrometry. This approach establishes the existence of a homologation reaction sequence through analysis of the pattern of the identified reactive and deactivated species. Furthermore, and in contrast to the MTH process, the deficiency of any olefinic-hydrocarbon pool species (that is, the olefin cycle) during the ETH process is also noted.
