1829-32-9Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Carboxylation of o-, m-, and p-chlorophenols with sodium ethyl carbonate
Suerbaev, Kh. A.,Chepaikin,Kudaibergenov, N. Zh.
, (2017)
The possibility for the synthesis of 5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzoic, 4-chloro-2-hydroxybenzoic, and 3-chloro-2-hydroxybenzoic acids via regioselective carboxylation of p-, m-, and o-chlorophenols, respectively, with sodium ethyl carbonate has been demonstrated
Biosynthesis of Chlorflavonin in Aspergillus candidus. 13C- and 14C-Labelling Evidence for a New Route to the Flavonoid Structure
Burns, Michael K.,Coffin, Jane M.,Kurobane, Itsuo,Vining, Leo C.,McInnes, A. Gavin,et al.
, p. 1411 - 1416 (1981)
Aspergillus candidus growing in glucose-leucine-salts medium synthesized chlorflavonin (1) from isotopically labelled phenylalanine, cinnamate, benzoate, or acetate.Radioactivity from cinnamic acid and benzoic acid was incorporated less efficiently than that from L-phenylalanine but decarboxylation of 3-chlorosalicylic acid (3) formed by alkaline degradation of the chlorflavonin samples located all of the radioactivity at C-2 in the flavonoid. 4,5-Dimethoxyresorcinol (2), obtained by alkaline degradation of chlorflavonin labelled from sodium acetate and cinnamic acid, accounted for only part of the radioactivity.The label from both precursors was distributed between ring A and one or more of the C-3, C-4, and C-3 methoxy-carbon atoms. 13C N.m.r. spectrometry of chlorflavonin labelled from sodium acetate showed 13C incorporation into C-4, C-5, C-7, and C-8a.Sodium 0;1;1,2-13C1;0;1>acetate was incorporated intact into (C-3,C-4) and all adjacent pairs of ring-A carbon atoms.The results indicate a pathway of flavonoid biosynthesis differing from that of higher plants in that a C6-C1 precursor unit is condensed with four C2 units.In the route proposed, the heterocyclic ring is formed befor ring A is substituted at C-8 and while it is free to rotate at the enzyme surface.
Synthesis of salicylic acid derivatives from the corresponding 2-chlorobenzoic acid using water as solvent
Pellon Comdom, Rolando F.,Docampo Palacios, Maite L.
, p. 2055 - 2059 (2002)
An improved synthesis of salicylic acid using water as solvent can be achieved using the Ullmann-Goldberg reaction conditions in presence of pyridine as cocatalyst. A number of salicylic acids were prepared in good yield.
A convenient and efficient H2SO4-promoted regioselective monobromination of phenol derivatives using N-bromosuccinimide
Wu, Yong-Qi,Lu, Hai-Jia,Zhao, Wen-Ting,Zhao, Hong-Yi,Lin, Zi-Yun,Zhang, Dong-Feng,Huang, Hai-Hong
supporting information, p. 813 - 822 (2020/02/15)
A convenient, rapid H2SO4-promoted regioselective monobromination reaction with N-bromosuccinimide was developed. The desired para-monobrominated or ortho-monobrominated products of phenol derivatives were obtained in good to excellent yields with high selectivity. Regioselective chlorination and iodination were also achieved in the presence of H2SO4 using N-chlorosuccinimide and N-iodosuccinimide, respectively.
Carboxylation of Phenols with CO2 at Atmospheric Pressure
Luo, Junfei,Preciado, Sara,Xie, Pan,Larrosa, Igor
supporting information, p. 6798 - 6802 (2016/05/11)
A convenient and efficient method for the ortho-carboxylation of phenols under atmospheric CO2 pressure has been developed. This method provides an alternative to the previously reported Kolbe-Schmitt method, which requires very high pressures of CO2. The addition of a trisubstituted phenol has proved essential for the successful carboxylation of phenols with CO2 at standard atmospheric pressure, allowing the efficient preparation of a broad variety of salicylic acids.
General method for the synthesis of salicylic acids from phenols through palladium-catalyzed silanol-directed C-H carboxylation
Wang, Yang,Gevorgyan, Vladimir
, p. 2255 - 2259 (2015/02/19)
A silanol-directed, palladium-catalyzed C-H carboxylation reaction of phenols to give salicylic acids has been developed. This method features high efficiency and selectivity, and excellent functional-group tolerance. The generality of this method was demonstrated by the carboxylation of estrone and by the synthesis of an unsymmetrically o,o′-disubstituted phenolic compound through two sequential C-H functionalization processes.
3,6-DICHLOROSALICYLIC ACID COMPOUNDS AND RELATED SYNTHETIC PROCESSES
-
, (2016/01/26)
The present disclosure relates, in general, to 5-halo-3,6-dichlorosalicylic acid compounds, 5-halo-3,6-dichlorosalicyaldehyde compounds, processes for preparing 5-halo-3,6-dichlorosalicylic acid compounds, processes for preparing 5-halo-3,6- dichlorosalicyaldehyde compounds, processes for preparing 3,6-dichlorosalicylic acid compounds, and processes that employ such compounds as intermediates in the preparation of the herbicide dicamba.
Regioselective ortho-carboxylation of phenols catalyzed by benzoic acid decarboxylases: A biocatalytic equivalent to the Kolbe-Schmitt reaction
Wuensch, Christiane,Gross, Johannes,Steinkellner, Georg,Lyskowski, Andrzej,Gruber, Karl,Glueck, Silvia M.,Faber, Kurt
, p. 9673 - 9679 (2014/03/21)
The enzyme catalyzed carboxylation of electron-rich phenol derivatives employing recombinant benzoic acid decarboxylases at the expense of bicarbonate as CO2 source is reported. In contrast to the classic Kolbe-Schmitt reaction, the biocatalytic equivalent proceeded in a highly regioselective fashion exclusively at the ortho-position of the phenolic directing group in up to 80% conversion. Several enzymes were identified, which displayed a remarkably broad substrate scope encompassing alkyl, alkoxy, halo and amino- functionalities. Based on the crystal structure and molecular docking simulations, a mechanistic proposal for 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid decarboxylase is presented.
Iron-promoted ortho-And/or ipso-hydroxylation of benzoic acids with H 2O2
Makhlynets, Olga V.,Das, Parthapratim,Taktak, Sonia,Flook, Margaret,Mas-Balleste, Ruben,Rybak-Akimova, Elena V.,Que Jr., Lawrence
experimental part, p. 13171 - 13180 (2010/07/03)
Regioselective hydroxylation of aromatic acids with hydrogen peroxide proceeds readily in the presence of iron(II) complexes with tetradentate aminopyridine ligands [FeII(BPMEN)-(CH3CN) 2](ClO4)2 (1) and [FeII(TPA)- (CH3CN)2](OTf)2 (2), where BPMEN=N, N'-dimethyl-N, N'-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,2-ethylenediamine, TPA=tris-(2- pyridylmethyl)amine. Two cis-sites, which are occupied by labile acetonitrile molecules in 1 and 2, are available for coordination of H2O 2 and substituted benzoic acids. The hydroxylation of the aromatic ring occurs exclusively in the vicinity of the anchoring carboxylate functional group: ortho-hydroxylation affords salicylates, whereas ipso-hydroxylation with concomitant decarboxylation yields phenolates. The outcome of the substituent directed hydroxylation depends on the electronic properties and the position of substituents in the molecules of substrates:3-substituted benzoic acids are preferentially ortho-hydroxylated, whereas 2-and, to a lesser extent, 4-substituted substrates tend to undergo ipso-hydroxylation/decarboxylation. These two pathways are not mutually exclusive and likely proceed via a common intermediate. Electron-withdrawing substituents on the aromatic ring of the carboxylic acids disfavor hydroxylation, indicating an electrophilic nature for the active oxidant. Complexes 1 and 2 exhibit similar reactivity patterns, but 1 generates a more powerful oxidant than 2. Spectroscopic and labeling studies exclude acylperoxoiron(III) and FeIV=O species as potential reaction intermediates, but strongly indicate the involvement of an FeIII-OOH intermediate that undergoes intramolecular acid-promoted heterolytic O-O bond cleavage, producing a transient iron(V) oxidant.
INHIBITORS OF STEAROYL-COA DESATURASE
-
, (2009/06/27)
Provided herein are compounds of the formula (I): as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein the substituents are as those disclosed in the specification. These compounds, and the pharmaceutical compositions containing them, are useful for the treatment of diseases such as, for example, obesity.
