- Shape-selective amination of EO over HZSM-5 for MEA and DEA
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Shape-selective amination of ethylene oxide over HZSM-5 was thoroughly investigated. TPD, FTIR and catalytic performance showed that HZSM-5 was more active than the sodium form. Relative selectivity of product was mainly controlled by the crystal size of ZSM-5. Surface modification such as silyation was effective for enhancing the shape selectivity. Among the catalysts tested in this study, HZSM-5 with SiO2/Al2O3 ratio being 76.7 exhibited the best performance. At 353 K and total pressure of 8.0 MPa the total selectivity of MEA and DEA was 97.6%, the yield reached 96.6%, the best performance achieved so far among EO amination.
- Feng, Ruming,Wang, Deju,Liu, Zhongneng,Xie, Zaiku
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- AFFINITIES OF CROWN ETHERS, GLYMES, AND POLYAMINES FOR ALKALI PICRATES IN TOLUENE. APPLICATION OF POLYMER-SUPPORTED LINEAR POLYETHERS.
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This work reports the measurements of K values for polyamines, glymes, a few glycols (including that of a long-chain polyethylene glycol, carbowax 6000), and some frequently used cation-binding ligands as complexers of lithium or sodium picrate in toluene as solvent. K values for different resins obtained with the same soluble ligand provide a comparison of the effectiveness of these resins in binding ionic solutes.
- Xu,Smid
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- Electrocatalytic reduction of low concentration CO2
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Utilization of low concentration CO2 contained in the exhaust gases from various industries and thermal power stations without the need for energy-consuming concentration processes should be an important technology for solving global warming and the shortage of fossil resources. Here we report the direct electrocatalytic reduction of low concentration CO2 by a Re(i)-complex catalyst that possesses CO2-capturing ability in the presence of triethanolamine. The reaction rate and faradaic efficiency of CO2 reduction were almost the same when using Ar gas containing 10% CO2 or when using pure CO2 gas, and the selectivity of CO formation was very high (98% at 10% CO2). At a concentration of 1% CO2, the Re(i) complex still behaved as a good electrocatalyst; 94% selectivity of CO formation and 85% faradaic efficiency were achieved, and the rate of CO formation was 67% compared to that when using pure CO2 gas. The electrocatalysis was due to the efficient insertion of CO2 into the Re(i)-O bond in fac-[Re(dmb)(CO)3{OC2H4N(C2H4OH)2}] (dmb = 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine).
- Kumagai, Hiromu,Nishikawa, Tetsuya,Koizumi, Hiroki,Yatsu, Taiki,Sahara, Go,Yamazaki, Yasuomi,Tamaki, Yusuke,Ishitani, Osamu
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- A REDOX COMBINED PHOTOCATALYSIS: NEW METHOD OF N-ALKYLATION OF AMMONIA BY TiO2/Pt SUSPENDED IN ALCOHOLS
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Ammonia was efficiently N-alkylated into tertiary amines by room-temperature photoirradiation at >300 nm in the presence of platinized titanium dioxide suspended in alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, and ethylene glycol.A couple of processes, photocatalytic dehydrogenation of alcohols and thermal hydrogenation of an imine intermediate, account for the ammonia N-alkylation.
- Ohtani, Bunsho,Osaki, Haruyoshi,Nishimoto, Sei-ichi,Kagiya, Tsutomu
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- Development of 2,2′-iminodiethanol selective production process using shape-selective pentasil-type zeolite catalyst
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Ethanolamines are produced on an industrial scale exclusively by the reaction of ethylene oxide with an aqueous solution of ammonia. The reaction is a typical consecutive reaction with three steps; therefore, it is difficult to produce 2,2′-iminodiethanol (the second product of the reaction) with high selectivity by conventional means. We developed a catalytic 2,2′-iminodiethanol selective production process using a pentasil-type zeolite catalyst modified with rare earth elements. This highly active catalyst was able to recognize the difference at molecular level between 2,2′-iminodiethanol and 2,2′,2″-nitrilotriethanol; 2,2′,2″-nitrilotriethanol was not formed in its micropore. We also succeeded in producing a binderless molded zeolite catalyst that does not form problematic impurities and that has a shape suitable for a fixed-bed reactor. The problem of activity deterioration was overcome by developing a regeneration process using high-temperature and high-density ammonia gas as a rinse medium.
- Tsuneki, Hideaki,Kirishiki, Masaru,Oku, Tomoharu
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- Organoboranes. LI. Convenient procedures for the recovery of pinanediol in asymmetric synthesis via one-carbon homologation of boronic esters
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Matteson's asymmetric synthesis via a one-carbon homologation of the pinanediol boronic esters with (dichloromethyl)litihium at -100 deg C results in the insertion of a chloromethyl group into the carbon-carbon bond with > 99percent diastereoselectivity.This procedure makes possible the asymmetric synthesis of the chiral moiety, RR'CH*B(OR'')2, providing an alternative route to chiral hydroboration for these valuable chiral intermediates.Unfortunately, this method suffers from the remarkable difficulty encountered in the recovery of the pinanediol chiral auxiliary, making this asymmetric synthesis impractical.Fortunately, a systematic study of the problem has uncovered convenient procedures for the recovery of pinanediol from pianendiol boronate esters
- Brown, Herbert C.,Rangaishenvi, Milind V.
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- Deoxygenation of amine oxides by in situ-generated formic pivalic anhydride
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A novel method for the highly efficient deoxygenation of tertiary and aromatic amine oxides is described. The initial step of the reaction is the O-formylation of the amine oxide by formic pivalic anhydride which is produced in situ. The approach has the advantage of superior convenience in preparation and work-up since all products of the reaction are solids or gases rendering the amine very readily separable.
- Rosenau, Thomas,Potthast, Antje,Ebner, Gerald,Kosma, Paul
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- Boronic Ester Based Vitrimers with Enhanced Stability via Internal Boron-Nitrogen Coordination
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Boron-containing polymers have many applications resulting from their prominent properties. Organoboron species with reversible B-O bonds have been successfully employed for the fabrication of various self-healing/healable and reprocessable polymers. However, the application of the polymers containing boronic ester or boroxine linkages is limited because of their instability to water. Herein, we report the hydrolytic stability and dynamic covalent chemistry of the nitrogen-coordinating cyclic boronic diester (NCB) linkages, and a new class of vitrimers based on NCB linkages is developed through the chemical reactions of reactive hydrogen with isocyanate. Thermodynamic and kinetic studies demonstrated that NCB linkages exhibit enhanced water and heat resistance, whereas the exchange reactions between NCB linkages can take place upon heating without any catalyst. The model compounds of NCBC-X1 and NCBC-X2 containing a urethane group and urea group, respectively, also showed higher hydrolytic stability compared to that of conventional boronic esters. Polyurethane vitrimers and poly(urea-urethane) vitrimers based on NCB linkages exhibited excellent solvent resistance and mechanical properties like general thermosets, which can be repaired, reprocessed, and recycled via the transesterification of NCB linkages upon heating. Especially, vitrimers based on NCB linkages presented improved stability to water and heat compared to those through conventional boronic esters because of the existence of N → B internal coordination. We anticipate that this work will provide a new strategy for designing the next generation of sustainable materials.
- Zhang, Xiaoting,Wang, Shujuan,Jiang, Zikang,Li, Yu,Jing, Xinli
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supporting information
p. 21852 - 21860
(2021/01/11)
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- PROCESS FOR PRODUCING ALKANOLAMINE
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The present invention provides a method of producing an ethanolamine, with a low production ratio of a dialkanolamine (for example, less than 30% by weight). A process for producing an alkanolamine of the present invention includes reacting an alkylene oxide with ammonia to obtain a reaction product containing a monoalkanolamine, a dialkanolamine, and a trialkanolamine; separating the dialkanolamine from the reaction product; and recycling at least a portion of the dialkanolamine for the reaction of an alkylene oxide with ammonia, wherein in the recycling step, the dialkanolamine is supplied in a molar ratio of the alkylene oxide (moles) to a total amount (moles) of ammonia and the dialkanolamine of 0.08 or more and less than 0.26.
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Paragraph 0046-0053
(2019/02/19)
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- AQUEOUS COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF PRODUCING CHLORINE DIOXIDE USING AQUEOUS COMPOSITION
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An aqueous composition includes an activator, a chlorite ion source, and water. The aqueous composition is alkaline. The aqueous composition produces chlorine dioxide upon contact with an acid. A method of producing chlorine dioxide includes contacting the aqueous composition with an acid.
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- Continuous production device and process for triethanolamine
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The invention relates to a continuous production device and process for triethanolamine, particularly relates to the microfluid continuous production device and process for high-purity triethanolamine and belongs to the field of synthesis of ethanolamine. According to the continuous production device and process for the triethanolamine, provided by the invention, a microfluid production device is used, a micro-mixer can be used for enabling epoxyethane to rapidly react with ammonia water completely under the conditions of high pressure and high temperature, no superfluous epoxyethane continues to react with EA to produce byproducts, and thus an ethanolamine mixed solution which is free of the byproducts is obtained; and by using the efficient mass transfer characteristic of the micro-mixer, the selectivity of reaction of the epoxyethane with MEA and DEA is improved, so that the high-purity triethanolamine is obtained.
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Paragraph 0057; 0058; 0059; 0060; 0061; 0062
(2017/05/23)
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- WATER-BASED RESIN NAIL POLISH
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The present invention relates to water-based resin nail polish, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 48 to 53 parts of deionized water, 23 to 28 parts of polyurethane-35, 15 to 20 parts of acrylic acid/VP cross-linked polymer, 0.5 to 1 part of laureth-21 and 0.01 to 005 part of compound of formula I. The present invention is environment-friendly, non-toxic, harmless to human bodies and pollution-free to an environment.
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Paragraph 0196; 0197; 0198; 0199
(2017/06/22)
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- liquid ammonia law method for producing ethanolamine
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The invention relates to a method for producing ethanol amine by using a liquid ammonia method, and mainly solves the technical problems that in the prior art, the reaction system is large in size, rich in byproduct, low in ammonia recycling rate, high in energy consumption and the like. The method solves the problems well by adopting the technical scheme that a three-section insulating fixed bed reactor is adopted; a reaction product is divided into three parts; after the first part of the reaction product is subjected to the first flashing, the liquid phase exchanges heat with the second part of the reaction product and is heated for the second flashing; after being subjected to heat exchange, the second part of the reaction product is further cooled down and circulated into the reactor to be used as a cold shock liquid to control the reaction temperature of the reactor; the third part of the reaction product is directly circulated back to the first section of the reactor; the liquid phase after the first part of the reaction product is subjected to the second flashing passes through an ammonia recycling tower so as to recycle the ammonia; the liquid phase of an ammonia recycling tower kettle liquid passes through a monoethanolamine distilling tower, a diethanol amine distilling tower and a triethanolamine distilling tower and is sucked out from depressurizing distillation separation side lines so as to obtain products of monoethanolamine, diethanol amine and triethanolamine. The method can be applied to industrial production of ethanol amine.
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Paragraph 0024-0028
(2017/02/09)
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- Process for Preparing Piperazine
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Process for preparing piperazine of the formula I by reacting diethanolamine (DEOA) of the formula II with ammonia (NH3) in the presence of hydrogen and a supported, metal-containing catalyst, wherein the catalytically active mass of the catalyst, prior to its reduction with hydrogen, comprises 20 to 85% by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of zirconium, calculated as ZrO2, 1 to 30% by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of copper, calculated as CuO, 14 to 70% by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of nickel, calculated as NiO, and 0 to 5% by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of molybdenum, calculated as MoO3, and the reaction is carried out in the liquid phase at an absolute pressure in the range from 160 to 220 bar, a temperature in the range from 180 to 220° C., using ammonia in a molar ratio to DEOA used of from 5 to 20 and in the presence of 0.2 to 9.0% by weight of hydrogen, based on the total amount of DEOA used and ammonia.
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Paragraph 0100-0109
(2014/01/08)
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- Process for Preparing Piperazine
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Process for preparing piperazine of the formula I by reacting diethanolamine (DEOA) of the formula II with ammonia in the presence of hydrogen and a supported, metal-containing catalyst has been found, wherein the catalytically active mass of the catalyst, prior to its reduction with hydrogen, comprises oxygen-containing compounds of aluminum, copper, nickel and cobalt and in the range from 0.2 to 5.0% by weight of oxygen-containing compounds of tin, calculated as SnO, and the reaction is carried out in the liquid phase at an absolute pressure in the range from 160 to 220 bar, a temperature in the range from 180 to 220° C., using ammonia in a molar ratio to DEOA used of from 5 to 25 and in the presence of 0.2 to 9.0% by weight of hydrogen, based on the total amount of DEOA used and ammonia.
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Paragraph 0109-0117
(2014/01/08)
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- IMPROVED PROCESS FOR MAKING ETHOXYLATED AMINE COMPOUNDS
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An improved process for making ethoxylated amine compounds such as ethanolamines. The improvement comprises the addition of an acid to the amine compound prior to the addition of ethylene oxide to a reactor wherein the ethoxylated amine compound is prepared. The improvement reduces the concentration of undesirable glycol ether and/or vinyl ether ethoxylate byproducts which may contribute to undesirable properties, such as color and foaming, of the ethoxylated amine compounds.
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Page/Page column 10
(2013/07/05)
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- PROCESS FOR PREPARING PURE TRIETHANOLAMINE (TEOA)
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A process for preparing pure triethanolamine (TEOA) by continuously distillatively separating an ethanolamine mixture comprising TEOA and diethanolamine (DEOA), by distilling off DEOA in a distillation column (DEOA column) and supplying the resulting bottom stream comprising TEOA to a downstream column (TEOA column) in which the pure TEOA is withdrawn as a side draw stream, wherein the residence time of the ethanolamine mixture in the bottom of the DEOA column is 20 minutes.
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Page/Page column 4
(2011/10/31)
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- STABLE GROWTH HORMONE COMPOUNDS
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The present invention relates to stable growth hormone (GH) compounds, which through the introduction of cysteine residues have disulphide bridges, which make the compounds resistant to proteolytic degradation.
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- METHODS FOR MAKING ETHANOLAMINE(S) AND ETHYLENEAMINE(S) FROM ETHYLENE OXIDE AND AMMONIA, AND RELATED METHODS
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The present invention relates to processes for the manufacture of one or more ethanolamines and one or more ethyleneamines starting from the reaction of ethylene oxide with ammonia to produce one or more ethanolamines and the conversion of the ethanolamine(s) to ethyleneamine(s). The present invention also relates to separating alkylethyleneamines from ethyleneamines.
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Page/Page column 26; 1/4
(2010/04/28)
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- METHOD FOR SEPARATING TRIETHANOLAMIN FROM A MIXTURE OBTAINABLE BY AMMONIA AND ETHYLENE OXIDE REACTION
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The invention relates to a method for distillative separation of triethanolamin from a substance mixture consisting of mono- di-, and triethanolamin, ethanolamin-ether and water obtainable by an ammonia and ethylene oxide reaction in a liquid phase at a high pressure and temperature consisting in distilling the substance mixture in two stages. In the first stage, a low-boiling fraction and a high-boiling fraction are withdrawn and discharged, and in the second stage, a medium-boiling fractions is distilled at a triethanolamin content >99.4 % by weight and a diethanolamin content 0.2 % by weight. In the preferred embodiment, the substance mixture distillation is carried out in a first column and a second column connected thereto or in a separation membrane column.
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Page/Page column 10
(2008/06/13)
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- METHOD FOR PURIFYING TRIALKANOLAMINE
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PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing a highly pure trialkanolamine having an excellent hue. SOLUTION: This method for purifying the trialkanolamine from alkanolamines obtained by a reaction is characterized by adding a lower boiling point compound than the boiling point of the triakanolamine to the trialkanolamine of raw material and distilling the mixture.
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Page/Page column 7
(2008/06/13)
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- PROCESS FOR PREPARING ETHANOLAMINE WITH IMPROVED COLOUR
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The present invention relates to a process for preparing an ethanolamine having an improved colour quality. The process comprises contacting ethanolamine with an activated carbon free of one or more metals chosen from Re, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt and Ag. The contacting can be carried out at a temperature of from 10 to 200°C, and during.a period sufficient to reduce the colour of the ethanolamine, in particular a period such that the colour index (as measured according to the ASTM standard D 1209) of the ethanolamine becomes equal to or less than 50 or 40 Pt/Co. The contacting can be carried out during or after the stage of preparation of the ethanolamine, preferably during or after the stage of purification of the ethanolamine. The invention also relates to a process for manufacturing a triethanolamine (TEA) having an improved colour quality, comprising a stage (i) of synthesis of the TEA by contacting ammonia with ethylene oxide in aqueous medium, a stage (ii) of separation of a crude TEA from the aqueous medium and a stage (iii) of purification of the TEA by distillation. The process in addition comprises contacting the crude or purified TEA with an activated carbon free of one or more metals chosen from Re, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt and Ag, after the separation stage (ii), or during and after the purification stage (iii). The advantage of the claimed invention is to provide an ethanolamine which has an improved colour quality far more resistant over time, and which is obtained in the absence of any additive or metal catalyst known to contaminate the ethanolamine.
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Page/Page column 10-11
(2008/06/13)
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- Process for producing high purity trialkanolamine
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A process for producing a high purity trialkanolamine excelling in hue and having an APHA of not more than 40, characterizing by including producing a mixed alkanolamine by the reaction of an alkylene oxide with ammonia; removing low-boiling substances from the mixed alkanolamine; removing high-boiling substances by subjecting the product deprived of the low-boiling substance to vacuum distillation, and redistilling the distillate obtained by the vacuum distillation.
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- Cyclic organo-oxide storage vent scrubbing
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A method for processing at least one cyclic organo-oxide using a closed loop scrubber/holding tank system that contains at least one amine, and circulating the amine through the closed loop while admitting the cyclic organo-oxide to the closed loop.
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Page column 6
(2008/06/13)
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- Process for producing alkanolamines
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A process for producing an alkanolamine includes supplying a reactive distillation apparatus having an inner contacting surface which simultaneously facilitates a reaction process and a distillation process, feeding a first reactant including an amine represented by R′3-XNHX, wherein R′ is a hydrocarbon group, and X is 1, 2, or 3, feeding a second reactant including an akylene oxide represented by R″O, wherein R″ is a C2-C10-alkylene, feeding a catalyst in an amount from 0% to about 15% by weight of a mixture of the first reactant, the second reactant and the catalyst; recycling an overhead output from an overhead portion including an unreacted portion of the amine and the catalyst to achieve a substantially total reflux of the amine and the catalyst, and collecting a product output including an alkanolamine, the alkanolamine being a member selected from the group consisting of a monoalkanolamine, a dialkanolamine, and a trialkanolamine.
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- Photoacid generating compounds, chemically amplified positive resist materials, and pattern forming method
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The invention provides a high-resolution resist material comprising an acid generator that has high sensitivity and high resolution with respect to high-energy rays of 300 nm or less, has small line-edge roughness, and is superior in heat stability and in shelf stability, and provides a pattern forming method that uses this resist material. The invention further provides a chemically amplified positive resist material comprising a base resin, an acid generator and a solvent in which the acid generator generates an alkylimidic acid containing a fluorine group, and provides a pattern forming method comprising a step of applying the resist material to the substrate, a step of performing exposure to a high-energy ray of a wavelength of 300 nm or less through a photomask following heat treatment, and a step of performing development by a developing solution following heat treatment.
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- Method of purifying triethanolamine
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Method of purifying triethanolamine prepared by reacting aqueous ammonia with ethylene oxide in the liquid phase under pressure and at elevated temperature by removing excess ammonia, water and monoethanolamine from the reaction product, reacting the resulting crude product with ethylene oxide at temperatures of from 110 to 180° C., and then rectifying the mixture in the presence of phosphorous or hypophosphorous acid or compounds thereof.
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Page column 6
(2008/06/13)
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- Cosmetic compositions comprising alk(en)ylsuccinic acid derivatives
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The invention relates to cosmetic and pharmaceutical compositions containing at least one emulsifier comprising a) at least one alkyl chain and/or alkenyl chain having at least 28 carbon atoms obtainable by polymerization of (C2-C5)-alkenes and which is linked with b) at least one carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid derivative, carboxylic anhydride, carboxylic anhydride derivative, ester and/or amide group. Particularly preferred emulsifiers are alkenylsuccinic anhydrides according to formula (1) and derivatives thereof, in which n is equal to or greater than 4.
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- Process for eliminating the diethanolamine present in triethanolamine and preparation process for purified triethanolamine
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Processes for eliminating the diethanolamine present in triethanolamine and the preparation of triethanolamine or compositions containing triethanolamine substantially free from diethanolamine in which the triethanolamine containing diethanolamine is treated with glyoxal in a molar ratio of glyoxal to diethanolamine greater than or equal to 1, then if desired the triethanolamine obtained or the composition containing it is isolated, and their use.
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- Nucleophilicity towards a Vinylic Carbon Atom: Rate Constants for the Addition of Amines to the 1-Methyl-4-vinylpyridinium Cation in Aqueous Solution
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Second-order rate constants (kNu) have been measured for the addition of 44 primary amines (including five α-effect amines), 28 secondary amines, 19 tertiary amines, ammonia and hydroxide ion to the vinyl group of the 1-methyl-4-vinylpyridinium cation (1) in aqueous solution at 25 deg C (ionic strength 0.1 mol dm-3).Nucleophilic attack is shown to be rate-determining for primary and secondary amines being generally more reactive than primary amines, with secondary amines of the same basicity.After classification of these species in terms of structure, they describe a number of Broensted-type correlations having βnuc in the range 0.35-0.54 for six structural classes of primary amine, βnuc = 0.48 for α-effect amines, and βnuc in the range 0.23-0.34 for four structural classes of secondary amine.Substitution upon the α-carbon atom reduces amine nucleophilicity of both primary and secondary amines.The presence of an unsaturated carbon atom (either sp2- or sp-hybridized) as the β-carbon atom leads to an enhanced reactivity relative to the corresponding β-sp3 species in all cases.Tertiary amines are in general less reactive than other amines of the same basicity.Broensted-type plots for tertiary amines present the appearance of random scatter which is not readily decipherable in terms of structure. β-Hydroxy and β-amino tertiary amines are unusually reactive relative to their basicity.All of these phenomena suggest that protonation of the carbanionic intermediate by a molecule of water is the rate-determining step for the addition of tertiary amines to 1.Rate constants for the attack of primary and secondary amines on 1 are shown to correlate with literature data for a variety of other reactions involving rate-determining nucleophilic attack of amines upon electrophilic carbon.These kNu for primary and secondary amines reacting with 1 are also shown to correlate with Ritchie's N+ parameters for nucleophilic attack at electrophilic sp2-carbon.N+ parameters for amine nucleophiles have not been widely available previously; the parameters that have been available for selected amines are known to be sensitive to the nature of the defining electrophile.The minimal steric hindrance at the electrophilic centre in nucleophilic attack upon 1 suggests that this species is an appropriate electrophile for the definition of N+ parameters for amine nucleophiles; these parameters are evaluated for 70 primary and secondary amines and ammonia and are suggested to provide an appropriate data base for future investigations of the reactivity and selectivity of amine attack upon sp2-carbon electrophiles in aqueous solution.
- Heo, Christina K. M.,Bunting, John W.
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p. 2279 - 2290
(2007/10/02)
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- Use of indole derivative for dyeing keratin materials, tinctorial compositions, new compounds and dyeing process
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Process for dyeing keratin fibers by using derivatives of formula: STR1 where: R1 =H, lower alkyl or SiR11 R12 R13 ; R2 and R3, which may be identical or different, =H, alkyl, carboxyl, alkoxycarbonyl or --COOSiR11 R12 R13 ; R4 to R7, which may be identical or different, =H or an O--Z group, where Z=H, C1 -C20 alkyl, aralkyl, formyl, C2 -C20 acyl, C3 -C20 alkenyl, --SiR11 R12 R13, --P(O)(OR8)2, R8 OSO2 ; or a heterocycle which may contain a P(O)(OR8) or CR9 R10 group; with the reservation that at least two of R4 to R7 denotes OZ or form a ring, and that at least one of R4 or R7 represents OZ; R8 and R9 =H, lower alkyl; R10 =alkoxy, mono- or dialkylamino; R11, R12 and R13, which may be identical or different, are alkyl groups; or their alkali metal, alkaline-earth metal, ammonium and amine salts.
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- Preparation of optically active aliphatic carboxylic acids
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A process for the separation of a racemic mixture of certain aliphatic carboxylic acids or esters thereof is disclosed. The process comprises (i) forming a salt solution comprising said racemic mixture of a C1 to C6 linear or branched aliphatic carboxylic acid and an organic or inorganic base (ii) treating said salt solution with one-half molar equivalent of a chiral organic nitrogenous base having a base strength no stronger than said organic or inorganic base (iii) precipitating from the reaction solution formed in step (ii) the less soluble diastereomeric salt and (iv) separating said precipitated diastereomeric salt.
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- Method of preparing bioerodible polymers having pH sensitivity in the acid range and resulting product
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Biodegradible polymers are provided which may contain a biologically active substance, e.g. a drug such as insulin, which is released over a period of time as the polymer erodes when in contact with a body fluid. The polymer contains an amine functionality whereby it erodes faster at low acid pH's than at higher acid pH's. As an example, the polymer may contain insulin and may contain or may have an encapsulating hydrogel containing glucose oxidase. As the blood sugar level of a diabetic person rises, e.g., afte a meal, glucose diffuses into the polymer or hydrogel and is converted to gluconic acid which lowers the pH, and accelerates erosion and the release of insulin.
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- Use of coffee bean oil as a sun filter
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A sun filter has been discovered which is coffee bean oil which can be obtained by extraction with an organic solvent from coffee grounds which are the residues from the extraction of water-soluble constituents from roasted coffees.
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- Meclofenamic acid topical pharmaceutical composition
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A clear gel and a cream pharmaceutical composition containing meclofenamic acid are disclosed. The clear gel composition is prepared by dissolving meclofenamic acid in polyethylene glycol monolaurate and polyethylene glycol lanolin oil and adding isopropyl alcohol with mixing and finally adding colloidal silicon dioxide with mixing. The cream composition is prepared by adding meclofenamic acid or the sodium salt thereof to an emulsion prepared by mixing a warm aqueous solution of sorbic acid with a melt of polyethylene glycol monostearate, glyceryl monostearate, caprylic and capric triglyceride and mineral oil. The resulting compositions are indicated for the treatment of inflammation.
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- Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes of 1-Pyrenebutyrate: The Role of Coinclusion of Amphiphiles
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Several inclusion complexes with various stoichiometries are formed from 1-pyrenebutyrate ion (P) and the different cyclodextrins (α-, β-, and γ-CD).With α- and β-CD, the initially formed 1:1 complexes lead to the formation of 1:2 complexes (P*α2 and P*β2).As P can be only partially included in the small cavity of α-CD, the equilibrium constants for the formation of both complexes of α-CD are about an order of magnitude smaller than those of β-CD.For the same reason, P*β2, to which we assign a "barrel" configuration, is also an order of magnitude more effective than P*α2 in protecting singlet-excited P against quenching by triethanolamine.We had shown earlier that with γ-CD the 1:1 complex (P*γ) dimerizes to a 2:2 complex (P2*γ2), to which we also assigned a barrel configuration.The lack of efficient 1:2 complex formation in this case is attributed to the large size of the "barrel" enclosed by two γ-CD molecules.The extra space next to a single P molecule in such a cavity would have to be filled with water.However, the formation of a 1:2 inclusion complex between P and γ-CD can be induced by the coinclusion of a molecule with a hydrophobic moiety such as sodium hexanesulfonate (X).This replaces the water within the cavity and leads to the formation of P*X*γ2.This complex provides the highest degree of protection against quenching of excited P in these inclusion complexes.
- Herkstroeter, William G.,Martic, Peter A.,Evans, Ted R.,Farid, Samir
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p. 3275 - 3280
(2007/10/02)
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- Process for the preparation of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol
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2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol is obtained by catalytic oxidation of 1,1-difluoroethylene. The 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol thus obtained is used as a solvent or as a synthesis intermediate.
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- Metaphenylenediamines in dyeing compositions for keratinic fibers
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Dye compositions comprising a coupler having to the formula STR1 in which formula R1 and R2 are identical or different and represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical having 1 to 2 carbon atoms and n represents a number equal to 1 or 2 and a paraphenylenediamine. This coupler is particularly suitable for use in a dyeing composition comprising paraphenylenediamines responding to the formula STR2 or the corresponding acid salts; formula in which R1, R2 and R3 are identical or different and represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl or alkoxy radical having 1 to 2 carbon atoms, R4 and R5 are identical or different and represent a hydrogen atom, a alkyl radical, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl in which the alkoxy group comprises 1 to 2 carbon atoms, carbamylalkyl, mesylaminoalkyl, acetylaminoalkyl, ureidoaminoalkyl, carbethoxyaminoalkyl, the alkyl groups in R4 and R5 having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, with the reservation that R1 or R3 represents hydrogen when R4 and R5 do not represent a hydrogen atom.
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- STUDIES ON 1-ARYLOXYSILATRANES, I; KINETICS OF THE HYDROLYSIS OF 1-(2',4',6'-TRIMETHYLPHENOXY)SILATRANE
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A UV spectroscopic method has been developed for studying the kinetics of hydrolysis of 1-(2',4',6'-trimethylphenoxy)silatrane.The effect of temperature and pH on the rate constant of hydrolysis has been determined and a mechanism of the reaction proposed.
- Lukasiak, J.,Jamrogiewicz, Z.
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