108-32-7Relevant articles and documents
Selective formation of polycarbonate over cyclic carbonate: Copolymerization of epoxides with carbon dioxide catalyzed by a cobalt(III) complex with a piperidinium end-capping arm
Nakano, Koji,Kamada, Toshihiro,Nozaki, Kyoko
, p. 7274 - 7277 (2006)
(Chemical Equation Presented) Sidestepping a cyclic side product: Copolymerization of terminal epoxides with CO2 was investigated by using a cobalt(III) complex bearing a piperidinium end-capping arm and a piperidinyl arm (see scheme; DME = 1,2-dimethoxyethane). The catalyst system can selectively produce copolymers without contaminant formation of cyclic carbonates even at high conversion of the epoxide (> 99 %).
New titanium catalysts containing tetrazole for cycloaddition of CO 2 to epoxides
Go, Min Jeong,Lee, Kang Mun,Oh, Chang Hwa,Kang, Yi Young,Kim, So Han,Park, Hyoung Ryun,Kim, Youngjo,Lee, Junseong
, p. 4452 - 4455 (2013)
A series of new half-sandwich titanocene [(η5-C 5H5)TiLCl2] (1) and nonorganometallic titanium complexes [TiLCl3(THF)] (2) and [TiL2Cl2] (3) containing 5-(2-hydroxyphenyl)tetrazole (LH) were synthesized in high yield and fully characterized by various spectroscopic methods and X-ray crystallography. In all complexes, the ligand L acted as a monoanionic bidentate ligand and hydrogen bonding between the oxygen of the tetrahydrofuran and hydrogen of the tetrazolyl unit was observed. In the cycloaddition of CO2 to propylene oxide, complex 3 showed the highest activity among the reported Ti complexes.
Exploring the catalytic potential of ZIF-90: Solventless and co-catalyst-free synthesis of propylene carbonate from propylene oxide and CO2
Tharun, Jose,Mathai, George,Kathalikkattil, Amal Cherian,Roshan, Roshith,Won, Yong-Sun,Cho, Sung June,Chang, Jong-San,Park, Dae-Won
, p. 715 - 721 (2014)
Reported is the application of ZIF-90, which is a highly porous zeolitic imidazolate framework, as a novel catalyst for the cycloaddition of propylene oxide (PO) with CO2 in the absence of co-catalysts and solvents under moderate reaction conditions. The effects of various reaction parameters were investigated. The activity of ZIF-90 was compared with that of various metal-organic-framework (MOF)-based catalysts for the cycloaddition of PO with CO2. Density functional theory calculations elucidated the role of ZIF-90 in creating a favorable environment for the PO-CO2 cycloaddition reaction. A reaction mechanism for the ZIF-90-catalyzed PO-CO2 cycloaddition on the basis of DFT calculations is proposed and the regeneration of ZIF-90 is discussed.
Facile synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol using selenium-catalyzed carbonylation with carbon monoxide
Mizuno, Takumi,Nakai, Takeo,Mihara, Masatoshi
, p. 541 - 545 (2010)
The commercial production of glycerol has increased considerably for several years, because of its rising inevitable formation as a by-product of biodiesel. For the effective utilization of glycerol, a new synthesis of glycerol carbonate (4-hydroxymethyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolane) that is used as solvents and raw material of plastics from glycerol was explored. By combined the selenium-catalyzed carbonylation of slightly excess of glycerol with carbon monoxide and potassium carbonate under 0.1 MPa at 20°C for 4 h in DMF with the oxidation of resulting selenocarbonate salt with molecular oxygen (0.1 MPa, 20 °C) for 2 h, glycerol carbonate was obtained in good yields (83-84%). However, sodium hydride to form sodium alkoxide in situ lowered the yield of glycerol carbonate. Use of triethylamine, 1-methylpyrrolidine, and DBU as bases gave poor results. Furthermore, styrene carbonate was obtained in excellent yield (90%) under similar reaction conditions. The catalytic synthesis of glycerol carbonate was also brought about in the mixed gas atmosphere (carbon monoxide:oxygen = 3:1, 0.1 MPa, 20°C). Glycerol carbonate and styrene carbonate were obtained in reasonable yields (197% and 119%, based on selenium used).
Thermodynamic favorable CO2 conversion via vicinal diols and propargylic alcohols: A metal-free catalytic method
Han, Li-Hua,Li, Jing-Yuan,Song, Qing-Wen,Zhang, Kan,Zhang, Qian-Xia,Sun, Xiao-Fang,Liu, Ping
, p. 341 - 344 (2020)
Organocatalysis represents a promising field in chemical fixation of CO2. Herein, a facile metal-free strategy was reported for the one-pot preparation of cyclic carbonates and α-hydroxy ketones from vicinal diols, propargylic alcohols and CO2. Wide scope of vicinal diols and propargylic alcohols was demonstrated to be efficient under the DBU-catalyzed conditions. A plausible mechanism was proposed, which included detailed main and side reactions under the metal-free conditions.
Homogeneous and silica-supported zinc complexes for the synthesis of propylene carbonate from propane-1,2-diol and carbon dioxide
Comerford, James W.,Hart, Sam J.,North, Michael,Whitwood, Adrian C.
, p. 4824 - 4831 (2016)
Three organozinc complexes have been synthesised and found to catalyse the carbonylation of propylene glycol with carbon dioxide to form propylene carbonate. A similar tethered organozinc complex was supported onto high loading aminopropyl functionalised hexagonal mesoporous silica and was also found to be catalytically active.
Reaction of CO2 with propylene oxide and styrene oxide catalyzed by a chromium(iii) amine-bis(phenolate) complex
Dean, Rebecca K.,Devaine-Pressing, Katalin,Dawe, Louise N.,Kozak, Christopher M.
, p. 9233 - 9244 (2013)
A diamine-bis(phenolate) chromium(iii) complex, {CrCl[O 2NN′]BuBu}2 catalyzes the copolymerization of propylene oxide with carbon dioxide. The synthesis of this metal complex is straightforward and it can be obtained in high yields. This catalyst incorporates a tripodal amine-bis(phenolate) ligand, which differs from the salen or salan ligands typically used with Cr and Co complexes that have been employed as catalysts for the synthesis of such polycarbonates. The catalyst reported herein yields low molecular weight polymers with narrow polydispersities when the reaction is performed at room temperature. Performing the reaction at elevated temperatures causes the selective synthesis of propylene carbonate. The copolymerization activity for propylene oxide and carbon dioxide, as well as the coupling of carbon dioxide and styrene oxide to give styrene carbonate are presented.
Poly(ethylene glycol): An alternative solvent for the synthesis of cyclic carbonate from vicinal halohydrin and carbon dioxide
Wang, Jing-Lun,He, Liang-Nian,Dou, Xiao-Yong,Wu, Fang
, p. 917 - 920 (2009)
Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) in this work proved to be an efficient reaction medium for the reaction of vicinal halohydrin with carbon dioxide in the presence of a base to synthesise cyclic carbonates. Notably, PEG-400 as an environmentally friendly solvent exhibits a unique influence on reactivity compared with conventional organic solvents. Various cyclic carbonates were prepared in high yield employing this protocol. The process presented here has potential applications in the industrial production of cyclic carbonates because of its simplicity, cost benefits, ready availability of starting materials, and mild reaction conditions.
Regioselective functionalization of glycerol with a dithiocarbamate moiety: An environmentally friendly route to safer fungicides
De Sousa, Rodolphe,Thurier, Cyril,Len, Christophe,Pouilloux, Yannick,Barrault, Joel,Jerome, Franois
, p. 1129 - 1132 (2011)
We report here a convenient pathway for the direct functionalization of glycerol with a dithiocarbamate moiety. This work opens up a cost-efficient and environmentally friendly route to safer fungicides. It should be noted that whereas functionalization of glycerol usually suffers from a lack of selectivity, we show here that our process is fully regioselective.
Adapting a Wacker-type catalyst system to the palladium-catalyzed oxidative carbonylation of aliphatic polyols
Doro, Franco,Winnertz, Patrick,Leitner, Walter,Prokofieva, Angelina,Mueller, Thomas E.
, p. 292 - 295 (2011)
Polyols, which can be obtained readily from bio-feedstock, are converted efficiently into their corresponding cyclic carbonates by using a Wacker-type Pd/Mn catalyst system. A fine tuned redox cascade is essential in ensuring a high productivity of the Pd catalyst in the oxidative carbonylation reaction. Turnover numbers up to 784 molproduct/molpalladium were achieved.
