- Pd-Fe/SiO2 Catalysts in the Hydrogenation of 2,4-Dinitrotoluene
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Pd-Fe/SiO2 bimetallic catalysts with a constant amount of Pd and a different Fe/Pd ratio were prepared by sequential wet impregnation and the hydrogenation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene was carried out at 25 deg C in a batch reactor.The presence of Fe enhances the Pd catalytic activity.The formation of a dispersed Pd-Fe alloy was evidenced through X-ray powder diffraction and is consisted with the data observed by FTIR analysis, TPR, and chemisorption features.The increase of the Fe total content of the catalysts results in the increase of the dispersion of the metallic phase and in the presence of partially oxidized Fe species.FTIR analysis shows that nitrocompounds chemisorb mainly on the support rather than on the metal surface.It is suggested that the Pd-Fe alloy formation is responsible for the increase of the catalytic activity because of a cooperative effect of Fe in the hydrogen transfer step.
- Pinna, F.,Selva, M.,Signoretto, M.,Strukul, G.,Boccuzzi, F.,et al.
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- Preparation and catalytic performance of active metal sintered membrane reactor anchored with Pt atoms
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In the chemical industry, reactors are typically designed and filled with supported catalyst particles. However, the intrinsic problems associated with the internal/external diffusion effect and catalyst separation/loss in these traditional reactors can be very challenging to mitigate. To address these issues, herein, an active metal sintered membrane reactor anchored with Pt atoms was successfully developed, and applied into continuous, liquid-phase, hydrogenation processes. The catalyzing reactions transpired on the active sites that were fastened onto the surface of the reactor's microchannels. As a result, the mass transfer at the gas-liquid-solid three-phase was greatly enhanced, and an incredibly high reaction efficiency was obtained. The novel, active reactor demonstrated a superior catalytic performance and stability to nitrobenzene (NB) hydrogenation at 120 °C and 0.5 MPa H2, which enabled an aniline (ANI) yield of 19.28 molANI h-1 L-1. This work opens a new window for the design of high-performance gas-liquid-solid reactor toward multiphase catalytic reactions. This journal is
- Ren, Xiaoliang,Wang, Shufang,Ding, Xiaoshu,Zhang, Dongsheng,Wang, Yanji
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- Highly Selective Room Temperature Monoreduction of Dinitro-arenes by Hydrogen Sulfide under Liquid–Liquid Biphasic Catalysis
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Selective reduction of one of the nitro group present in dinitro aromatic compounds by a novel Zinin reagent, H2S-laden N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) solution, has been explored in the presence of tetra-n-butyl phosphonium bromide as a phase transfer catalyst under the liquid–liquid mode of reaction. Under the room temperature reaction condition, reduction of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) with H2S-laden MDEA leads to the selective reduction of one nitro group present either at the fourth position to obtain 4-amino-2-nitrotoluene (4A2NT) or at the second position to get 2-amino-4-nitrotoluene (2A4NT). The reaction was very fast to achieve 100% conversion, and the selectivity of 4A2NT is much higher than the 2A4NT. A detailed parametric study was performed to analyze the effect of parameters on 2,4-DNT conversion and selectivity of both the isomers. The apparent activation energy was found to be as high as 46.25 kJ/mol, and the reaction was found to be kinetically controlled. An empirical kinetic model has been developed to correlate with the conversion version time data obtained experimentally. The present system dealt with an industrial problem in dealing with H2S, present in by-product gaseous streams of many petroleum and natural gas industries. Novelties in the selective monoreduction lie in that fact that the reaction was done at room temperature (303 K), with a novel reagent, H2S-laden MDEA solution. Therefore waste-minimization was effected to yield value-added fine chemicals, that is, amines.
- Mondal, Ujjal,Sen, Sujit
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- Altering the regioselectivity of a nitroreductase in the synthesis of arylhydroxylamines by structure-based engineering
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Nitroreductases have great potential for the highly efficient reduction of aryl nitro compounds to arylhydroxylamines. However, regioselective reduction of the desired nitro group in polynitroarenes is still a challenge. Here, we describe the structure-based engineering of Escherichia coli nitroreductase NfsB to alter its regioselectivity, in order to achieve reduction of a target nitro group. When 2,4-dinitrotoluene was used as the substrate, the wild-type enzyme regioselectively reduced the 4-NO2 group, but the T41L/N71S/F124W mutant primarily reduced the 2-NO2 group, without loss of activity. The crystal structure of T41L/N71S/F124W and docking experiments indicated that the regioselectivity change (from 4-NO2 to 2-NO2) might result from the increased hydrophobicity of residues 41 and 124 (proximal to FMN) and conformational changes in residues 70 and 124. The regioselectivity of nitroreductase NfsB from E. coli toward 2,4-dinitrotoluene was shifted from the 4-NO2 group to the 2-NO2 group without loss of activity, by introducing three mutations: T41L, N71S, and F124W. This study provides an example of a tailored enzyme for regioselective synthesis of the target arylhydroxylamines.
- Bai, Jing,Zhou, Yong,Chen, Qi,Yang, Qing,Yang, Jun
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- Catalytic transfer hydrogenation of nitro and carbonyl compounds over novel Fe(III) substituted hexagonal mesoporous aluminophosphates
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Catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) of aromatic nitro and carbonyl compounds over novel Fe(III) substituted hexagonal mesoporous aluminophosphate (FeHMA) molecular sieve catalyst showed excellent regioselectivity/chemoselectivity as well as superior recycling capability. Furthermore, the reduction occurs without affecting other functional groups such as -CN, -CHO, -Cl,-CH3,-OCH3 and -NH2.
- Sonavane, Sachin U.,Mohapatra, Susanta K.,Jayaram, Radha V.,Selvam, Parasuraman
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- Reactivity of metal-containing monomers 66.* Hydrogenation of nitrotoluene derivatives in the presence of polymer-immobilized Pd nanoparticles
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A new approach to the synthesis of immobilized catalysts of the mixed type was developed: frontal polymerization of metal-containing monomers in the presence of a highly dispersed inorganic support. The synthesis of the acrylamide complex of PdII nitrate on the SiO2 surface followed by polymerization and reduction results in the formation of a polymer-inorganic composite with inclusions of Pd nanoparticles stabilized by the polymer matrix on the support surface. The study of the catalytic properties in the hydrogenation of nitrotoluene derivatives showed that the polymer-immobilized Pd nanoparticles on the inorganic support are efficient catalysts for the reduction of the nitrocompounds.
- Dzhardimalieva,Dorokhov,Golubeva,Pomogailo,Lyakhovich,Savchenko,Pomogailo
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- Electrochemical treatment of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and related compounds
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This work involves electrolysis of nitrotoluene congeners, which are persistent pollutants that enter the environment as a consequence of their manufacture and use as explosives. Reduction to aminotoluenes occurred with high current efficiency at a variety of cathodes, at potentials -0.5 to -1 V vs SCE. The products were formed in high chemical yield and with excellent mass balance. Preliminary experiments were also carried out to find methods of removing the electrolysis products from solution by oxidative oligomerization. The most satisfactory method was partial reoxidation at a Ti/IrO2 anode, suggesting an overall remediation technology in which reduction is followed by reoxidation of the spent catholyte in the anode compartment of the same electrolytic cell. This work involves electrolysis of nitrotoluene congeners, which are persistent pollutants that enter the environment as a consequence of their manufacture and use as explosives. Reduction to aminotoluenes occurred with high current efficiency at a variety of cathodes, at potentials -0.5 to -1 V vs SCE. The products were formed in high chemical yield and with excellent mass balance. Preliminary experiments were also carried out to find methods of removing the electrolysis products from solution by oxidative oligomerization. The most satisfactory method was partial reoxidation at a Ti/IrO2 anode, suggesting an overall remediation technology in which reduction is followed by reoxidation of the spent catholyte in the anode compartment of the same electrolytic cell.
- Rodgers, James D.,Bunce, Nigel J.
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- DNA interaction of bromomethyl-substituted acridines
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A series of acridines with bifunctional substituents was synthesized with the dual properties of DNA alkylation and intercalation. 4,5-Bis(bromomethyl)acridine (1) was previously reported to crosslink and intercalate with DNA. In this study, 1,8-bis(bromomethyl)acridine (2) and 2,7-bis(bromomethyl)acridine (3), monofunctional 2-(bromomethyl)-7-methylacridine (4) and 2,7-dimethylacridine (5) were synthesized, and their crosslinking and intercalative activities were investigated to assess the reactivity of bromomethyl acridines with DNA. Interstrand crosslinking activity was similar among the three bis(bromomethyl)acridines. The acridines exhibited intercalation activity for calf thymus DNA as follows: 3 > 4 > 2 = 1 5. Intracellular DNA-crosslinking and DNA-intercalating activities were evaluated using the Ames assay. 4 was mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and TA98, indicating that the bromomethyl group alkylated DNA bases. All three bis(bromomethyl)acridines were mutagenic in S. typhimurium TA92 and TA94, which can detect intracellular crosslinking DNA damage, whereas 5 was not mutagenic in these strains. The results showed that the bis(bromomethyl)acridines crosslinked DNA and intercalated between DNA bases, and 3 exhibited the highest crosslinking and intercalating activity.
- Harada, Kazuya,Imai, Takahiro,Kizu, Junko,Mochizuki, Masataka,Inami, Keiko
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p. 3375 - 3383
(2017/10/07)
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- Gold supported on titania for specific monohydrogenation of dinitroaromatics in the liquid phase
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Liquid-phase selective monohydrogenation of various substituted dinitroaromatics to the corresponding valuable nitroanilines was investigated on gold-based catalysts. Special attention was paid to the effect of Au particle size on this monoreduction reaction. Interestingly, TiO2 supported gold catalysts containing a relatively larger mean Au particle size (>5 nm) showed far superior chemoselectivity for specific mono-hydrogenation of dinitroaromatics, with the highest performance attainable for the catalyst bearing Au particles of ca. 7.5 nm. Results in the intermolecular competitive hydrogenation showed that the intrinsic higher accumulation rates of the desired nitroanilines associated with the catalyst possessing larger Au particles were responsible for the high chemoselectivity observed. the Partner Organisations 2014.
- Liu, Shuang-Shuang,Liu, Xiang,Yu, Lei,Liu, Yong-Mei,He, He-Yong,Cao, Yong
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p. 4162 - 4169
(2014/09/29)
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- SUBSTITUTED AROMATIC CARBOXAMIDE AND UREA DERIVATIVES AS VANILLOID RECEPTOR LIGANDS
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The invention relates to substituted aromatic carboxamide and urea derivatives, to processes for the preparation thereof, to pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds and also to the use of these compounds for preparing pharmaceutical compositions (formula (I)).
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Page/Page column 121
(2010/11/18)
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- Design, synthesis and antitumor activity of 6,7-disubstituted-4-(heteroarylamino)quinoline-3-carbonitrile derivatives
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A series of new 6,7-disubstituted-4-(benzothiazol-6-ylamino)quinoline-3-carbonitrile derivatives (12a-l) were synthesized. The cytotoxicity of 12 new compounds was evaluated in AGS, HepG2 and HT-29 cell lines. The results showed that compounds 12g, 12h, 12i, 12k and 12l displayed more potent cytotoxic activities than Bosutinib, compound 12l exhibited the most potent antitumor activity among the tested compounds.
- Liu, Bao,You, Qi Dong,Li, Zhi Yu
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scheme or table
p. 554 - 557
(2011/03/17)
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- Catalytic asymmetric intramolecular hydroarylations of ω-aryloxy- and arylamino-tethered α,β-unsaturated aldehydes
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The first enantioselective organocatalytic intramolecular hydroarylations of phenol and aniline-derived enals were investigated. The proposed method provided an atom economic and straightforward approach to optically active chromans and tetrahydroquinolines in high enantioselectivities and in good yields. The study demonstrated the efficiency of organocatalysis to achieve the first asymmetric intramolecular arylation of ω aryloxy- arylamino-tethered α, and β-unsaturated aldehydes using a chiral secondary amine catalyst. Proposed transformation method resulted in the production of functionalized chromans and tetrahydroquinoline in high enantiopurity. The study also examined the scope of substrates in this organocatalytic reaction using a catalyst 4/p-TsOH.H2O in diethyl ether. The catalyst screening observed a higher yield up to 83% and comparable enantiometric excess up to 88% that can be obtained in a chiral secondary amine employed as the reaction catalyst.
- Lu, Hai-Hua,Liu, Hui,Wu, Wei,Wang, Xu-Fan,Lu, Liang-Qiu,Xiao, Wen-Jing
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supporting information; scheme or table
p. 2742 - 2746
(2009/12/03)
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- Selective partial hydrogenation of dinitrobenzenes to nitroanilines catalyzed by Ru/C
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Ru/C was found to be a highly effective catalyst for the selective partial hydrogenation of a range of dinitrobenzenes to their corresponding nitroanilines with excellent selectivity under mild conditions. Furthermore, the effect from other substitute groups of dinitrobenzenes on partial hydrogenation was also explored in this study. Copyright
- Hou, Jie,Ma, Yonghuan,Li, Yuhan,Guo, Fang,Lu, Lianhai
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scheme or table
p. 974 - 975
(2009/04/06)
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- Effect of the electronic structure of the radical anions of 4-substituted 1,2-and 1,3-dinitrobenzenes on the regioselectivity of reduction of the nitro groups
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Theoretical and experimental regularities of the regioselectivity of the reduction of one of the two nitro groups in unsymmetrical dinitrobenzenes were studied. It was found that the regioselectivity of the formation of isomeric nitroanilines depends on the structure of the substrate and the nature of the reducing agent. The reduction regioselectivity model was verified, according to which radical anion protonation is the major reaction direction. Pleiades Publishing, Inc. 2006.
- Orlov,Begunov,Demidova,Rusakov
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- Chemo- and regioselective reduction of nitroarenes, carbonyls and azo dyes over nickel-incorporated hexagonal mesoporous aluminophosphate molecular sieves
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Nickel-incorporated hexagonal mesoporous aluminophosphate (NiHMA) molecular sieves were found to be highly efficient heterogeneous catalysts for the chemo- and regioselective reduction of nitroarenes and carbonyl compounds as well as the reductive cleavage of azo functions, including bulkier substrates, by the hydrogen transfer method.
- Selvam, Parasuraman,Mohapatra, Susanta K.,Sonavane, Sachin U.,Jayaram, Radha V.
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p. 2003 - 2007
(2007/10/03)
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- Guanidinium nitrate: A novel reagent for aryl nitrations
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Nitration of various aromatic compounds utilising guanidinium nitrate in 85% sulfuric acid as a nitrating agent has been studied.
- Ramana,Malik,Parihar
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p. 8681 - 8683
(2007/10/03)
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- Palladium colloids from an organometallic route: Redox reaction between [VCp2] and [Pd(η3-allyl)2Cl]2. Catalytic application to the hydrogenation of aromatic nitro compounds
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[Pd(η3-C3H5)2Cl] 2 reacts in THF in the presence of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), with the 15-electron complex vanadocene [V(C5H5) 2], to give PVP-protected palladium particles. High resolution electron microscopy (HREM) and wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) experiments were carried out on the PVP-protected palladium particles as obtained when exposed to H2 and O2 and after hydrogenation catalysis. In each case, the particles display the fee lattice of bulk palladium and a narrow size distribution centred near 2-3 nm. Catalytic hydrogenation reactions of nitrotoluene and 2,4-dinitrotoluene into their corresponding aniline and 2,4-diaminotoluene were performed in CH2Cl2 and in H 2O/CH2Cl2 biphasic conditions. The catalytic reactions were found to be zero order with respect to the substrate and first order with respect to dihydrogen and catalyst.
- Pellegatta, Jean-Louis,Blandy, Claudine,Choukroun, Robert,Lorber, Christian,Chaudret, Bruno,Lecante, Pierre,Snoeck, Etienne
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p. 1528 - 1532
(2007/10/03)
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- Heterogeneous catalytic transfer hydrogenation of aromatic nitro and carbonyl compounds over cobalt(II) substituted hexagonal mesoporous aluminophosphate molecular sieves
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Catalytic transfer hydrogenation of aromatic nitro and carbonyl compounds was carried out using novel cobalt(II) substituted hexagonal mesoporous aluminophosphate molecular sieves. The catalyst showed excellent yield with good recycling capability.
- Mohapatra, Susanta K,Sonavane, Sachin U,Jayaram, Radha V,Selvam, Parasuraman
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p. 8527 - 8529
(2007/10/03)
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- Regio- and chemoselective catalytic transfer hydrogenation of aromatic nitro and carbonyl as well as reductive cleavage of azo compounds over novel mesoporous NiMCM-41 molecular sieves
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(equation presented) Regio-and chemoselective reduction of nitroarenes and carbonyl compounds and reductive cleavage of azo compounds, including bulkier molecules, was achieved by the catalytic transfer hydrogenation method (CTH) using a novel nickel-containing mesoporous silicate (NiMCM-41) molecular sieve catalyst. In addition, the catalyst was also found to behave as a truly heterogeneous catalyst as the yield was practically unaffected.
- Mohapatra, Susanta K.,Sonavane, Sachin U.,Jayaram, Radha V.,Selvam, Parasuraman
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p. 4297 - 4300
(2007/10/03)
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- Surfactant-assisted UV-photolysis of nitroarenes
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Photochemical transformations (λ = 254 nm) of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) in aqueous solutions containing the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium (CTA) and the anionic nucleophile borohydride (BH4-) were investigated. The ove
- Diehl, Claude A.,Jafvert, Chad T,Marley, Karen A.,Larson, Richard A.
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p. 553 - 560
(2007/10/03)
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- Optical element and compounds used in its manufacture
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An optical frequency conversion element has a wave-guiding layer which consists of a χ(2) -active ferroelectric liquid crystal. The monomeric or polymeric liquid crystal material has a periodic structure which permits the so-called quasi phase matching of a guided laser beam. The period length of the structure is equal to twice the coherence length lc =?/Δβ of the material, whereby Δβ=βo (2ω)-2βo (ω), with ω=angular frequency of the fundamental wave, 0=zero-order mode and β=propagation constant of the mode.
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- Factors controlling regioselectivity in the reduction of polynitroaromatics in aqueous solution
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Regioselectivities in the bisulfide reduction of 10 polynitroaromatics (PNAs) to monoamine products have been determined; four of these compounds have also been reduced by anoxic sediments in heterogeneous aqueous solution, and the same regioselectivities are observed. Analyses of Austin Model 1- Solvation Model 2 electrostatic potential surfaces for the radical anions of these polynitroaromatic compounds provides a reliable method of predicting the regioselectivity of their reduction. In particular, at their minimum- energy geometries in aqueous solution, it is the more negative nitro group that is selectively reduced. This is consistent with a mechanism where regioselection occurs upon kinetic protonation at the site of maximum negative charge in the radical anion formed after the first electron transfer to the neutral PNA. Inclusion of solvation effects is critical in order to confidently predict the electrostatic preference for the reduction of one nitro group over the others. Sterically uncongested nitroaromatic radical anions have gas-phase geometries in which the nitro group is coplanar with the aromatic ring. However, ortho substituents and solvation effects both oppose this tendency and can lead to nitro groups that are rotated out of the ring plane and pyramidalized.
- Barrows, Susan E.,Cramer, Christopher J.,Truhlar, Donald G.,Elovitz, Michael S.,Weber, Eric J.
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p. 3028 - 3038
(2007/10/03)
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- Regioselective Reduction of Substituted Dinitroarenes Using Baker's Yeast
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A range of substituted dinitroaromatic compounds have been reduced using baker's yeast (Saccharamyces cerevisiae), in some cases with very high selectivity.A model is presented to account for the origin of the selectivity together with a possible mechanism for the reduction.
- Davey, Claire L.,Powell, Lawson W.,Turner, Nicholas J.,Wells, Andrew
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p. 7867 - 7870
(2007/10/02)
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- Optionally substituted pyrido[2,3-d]pyridine-2,4(1H,3H)-diones and pyrido[2,]pyrimidine-2(1H,3H)-ones
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The present invention relates to optionally substituted pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-diones or optionally substituted pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2(1H,3H)-ones, i.e., compounds of Formula I: STR1 wherein: Y is --CH2 -- or --C(O)--; R1 is hydrogen or --(CH2)n --R7, wherein: R7 is aryl or heteroaryl, and n is 1 or 2, provided that when Y is --C(O)--, R7 is heteroaryl; and R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are hydrogen, or one is selected from lower alkyl, halo, carboxy, methoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, methylcarbamoyl, di-methylcarbamoyl, methylcarbonyl, methylthio, methylsulfinyl, methylsulfonyl, hydroxymethyl, amino, trifluoromethyl, cyano or nitro; or R2, R3, R4 and R5 are independently selected from hydrogen, lower alkyl, nitro, chloro, fluoro, methoxycarbonyl or methylcarbonyl, provided at least one is hydrogen, and R6 is hydrogen; or a pharmaceutically acceptable ester, ether or salt thereof.
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- SELECTIVE AND SEQUENTIAL REDUCTION OF NITROAROATICS BY MONTMORILLONITESILYLAMINEPALLADIUM(II) COMPLEX
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Nitroaromatics are sequently and selectively hydrogenated in quantitative yields at room temperature and atmospheric pressure by interlamellarmontmorillonitepalladium(II) complex, a heterogenised homogenous catalyst.
- Mukkanti, K.,Rao, Y. V. Subba,Choudary, B. M.
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p. 251 - 252
(2007/10/02)
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- PERCHLORIC ACID-ACETIC ACID: A REAGENT SYSTEM FOR DETOSYLATION
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Perchloric acid-acetic acid reagent system has been found to be an efficient reagent for deprotection of p-methyl benzene sulfonyl (tosyl) derivatives of primary aromatic amines, secondary aromatic amines and chiral aminoketones.
- Kudav, D.P.,Samant,S.P.,Hosangadi, B.D.
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p. 1185 - 1188
(2007/10/02)
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- Intestinal metabolism of 2,4-dinitrotoluene in rats
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2,4-Dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), which is an industrial chemical of importance in the production of urethane foams and elastomers, is a hepatocarcinogen in rats. 2,4-Diaminotoluene (2,4-DAT), one of the urinary and hepatic metabolites of 2,4-DNT, is also carcinogenic in rats. We have studied the pathways of metabolism of 2,4-DNT in the cecal microflora of rats. 2,4-DNT was not metabolized by this preparation in the presence of oxygen. Under anaerobic conditions, an ordered sequence of reductive metabolism was observed. 2,4-DNT was reduced to 2-amino-4-nitrotoluene (2A4NT) and 4-amino-2-nitrotoluene (4A2NT) via 2-hydroxylamino-4-nitrotoluene (2HA4NT) and 4-hydroxylamino-2-nitrotoluene (4HA2NT), which were identified by mass spectral (MS) comparison with authentic materials. The two aminonitrotoluenes were then reduced to 2,4-DAT. No intermediates in this sequence could be isolated. These findings indicate that rat intestinal microflora catalyze the reductive metabolism of 2,4-DNT and suggest that the reduction of 2,4-DNT to 2,4-DAT may play a role in the carcinogenicity of 2,4-DNT.
- Mori,Kudo,Nunozawa,Miyahara,Kozuka
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p. 327 - 332
(2007/10/02)
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- A Comparison of the Reactions of Some Ethyl N-Arylcarbamates with Those of the Corresponding Acetanilides. I. Nitration
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The reactions of some ethyl N-arylcarbamates and of the corresponding acetanilides towards 1 equiv. of sodium nitrate in concentrated sulfuric acid at 0-5 deg have been compared with one another and have been found to exhibit significant differences.Except in the case of the unsubstituted analogues, nitration of the carbamates was found to occur significantly more quickly than that of the acetanilides as shown by (i) a representative competitive nitration, and (ii) the fact the carbamates containing a nitro group are nitrated smoothly whereas the corresponding nitroacetanilides are slow to react.On the basis of competitive reactions, it is suggested that this difference in reactivity is due to steric factors.
- Rosevear, Judi,Wilshire, John F. K.
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p. 723 - 733
(2007/10/02)
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- PARTIAL REDUCTION OF DINITROARENES TO NITROANILINES WITH HYDRAZINE HYDRATE.
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Dinitroarenes containing substituents such as hydroxyl and amine groups could be conveniently reduced with 3 molar equivalents of hydrazine hydrate in presence of Raney nickel catalyst in ethanol/1,2-dichloro-ethane solvent mixture to give a product wherein one of the two nitro groups was reduced to the amino group. The yields of the partial reduction products are good. Under similar conditions alkoxyl substitutes in the o,p-position to the nitro groups were displaced by the hydrazine to give 2,4-dinitrophenyl-hydrazine as the main product. The details of the reduction reaction are described.
- Avyyangar,Kalkote,Lugade,Nikrad,Sharma
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p. 3159 - 3164
(2007/10/02)
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- Catalytic Reduction of Dinitroaromatic Compounds with Hydrogen Sulfide-Carbon Monoxide. A Novel, Low-cost Replacement for Elemental Hydrogen
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A mixed reducing gas consisting of H2S and CO, when used with sulfided Fe on Al2O3 heterogeneous catalysts, has successfully reduced dinitroaromatic to diaminoaromatic compounds in high yield and conversion.
- Ratcliffe, Charles T.,Pap, Geza
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p. 260 - 261
(2007/10/02)
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