- Synthesis of the 5,6-dihydroxymorpholin-3-one fragment of monanchocidin a
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Monanchocidin A is a recently isolated pentacyclic guanidinium alkaloid that contains an unusual highly oxidized morpholinone fragment. Herein we report a rapid synthesis of this heterocyclic scaffold and confirm its structure. The key reaction involves an acid promoted hemiketalization/hemiaminalization of an α-hydroxyamide and α-ketoaldehyde that proceeds with exclusive regioselectivity and high diastereoselectivity to form the natural scaffold in moderate to high yield.
- Shi, Yunlong,Pierce, Joshua G.
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- Azide-alkyne cycloaddition for universal post-synthetic modifications of nucleic acids and effective synthesis of bioactive nucleic acid conjugates
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The regioselective post-synthetic modifications of nucleic acids are essential to studies of these molecules for science and applications. Here we report a facile universal approach by harnessing versatile phosphoramidation reactions to regioselectively incorporate alkynyl/azido groups into post-synthetic nucleic acids primed with phosphate at the 5′ termini. With and without the presence of copper, the modified nucleic acids were subjected to azide-alkyne cycloaddition to afford various nucleic acid conjugates including a peptide-oligonucleotide conjugate (POC) with high yield. The POC was inoculated with human A549 cells and demonstrated excellent cell-penetrating ability despite cell deformation caused by a small amount of residual copper chelated to the POC. The combination of phosphoramidation and azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions thus provides a universal regioselective strategy to post-synthetically modify nucleic acids. This study also explicated the toxicity of residual copper in synthesized bioconjugates destined for biological systems. This journal is the Partner Organisations 2014.
- Su, Yu-Chih,Lo, Yu-Lun,Hwang, Chi-Ching,Wang, Li-Fang,Wu, Min Hui,Wang, Eng-Chi,Wang, Yun-Ming,Wang, Tzu-Pin
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- Alendronate-Modified Polymeric Micelles for the Treatment of Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis
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Although the prognosis of patients with breast cancer continues to improve, breast cancer metastasis to bones remains high in incidence and challenging to manage. Here, we report the development of bone-homing alendronate (ALN)-anchored biodegradable polymeric micelles for the targeted treatment of metastatic cancer to bone. These micelles exhibited bone protective capacity including the recruitment, differentiation, and resorption activity of the osteoclasts. Encapsulation of docetaxel (DTX), the first-line chemotherapeutic for treatment of metastatic breast cancer, in ALN-modified micelles results in a sustained release, enhanced cytotoxicity, and improved pharmacokinetics. In the syngeneic animal model of late-stage disseminated breast cancer bone metastasis, the treatment with targeted DTX-loaded micelles attenuated the tumorigenesis and significantly improved animal lifespan compared to the conventional surfactant-based formulation (free DTX). These findings indicate potential applications of the osteotropic nanomedicines for bone metastasis treatment.
- Liu, Tong,Romanova, Svetlana,Wang, Shuo,Hyun, Megan A.,Zhang, Chi,Cohen, Samuel M.,Singh, Rakesh K.,Bronich, Tatiana K.
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- Proteolysis Targeting Chimera (PROTAC) for Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) Has Anti-Proliferative Activity in Lung Cancer Cells
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Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is involved in protein-protein interactions that play key roles in inflammation and cancer. Current strategies to develop small molecule modulators of MIF functions are mainly restricted to the MIF tautomerase active site. Here, we use this site to develop proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) in order to eliminate MIF from its protein-protein interaction network. We report the first potent MIF-directed PROTAC, denoted MD13, which induced almost complete MIF degradation at low micromolar concentrations with a DC50 around 100 nM in A549 cells. MD13 suppresses the proliferation of A549 cells, which can be explained by deactivation of the MAPK pathway and subsequent induction of cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. MD13 also exhibits antiproliferative effect in a 3D tumor spheroid model. In conclusion, we describe the first MIF-directed PROTAC (MD13) as a research tool, which also demonstrates the potential of PROTACs in cancer therapy.
- Chen, Deng,Cool, Robbert H.,Dekker, Frank J.,Melgert, Barbro N.,Poelarends, Gerrit J.,Quax, Wim J.,Song, Shanshan,Xiao, Zhangping,van Merkerk, Ronald,van der Wouden, Petra E.
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- Design and synthesis of novel dual-target agents for HDAC1 and CK2 inhibition
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Drug entities able to address multiple targets can be more effective than those directed to just one biological target. We disclose herein a series of novel dual inhibitors to target histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC 1) and protein kinase CK2. Our bifunctional compounds combine two complementary chemo-active prototypical scaffolds: a hydroxamate essential for the chelation of the zinc ion present in the active site of HDAC (Zinc Binding Group), and a 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzotriazole (TBB) moiety introduced to interact with the ATP binding site in CK2 and to act simultaneously as the cap group in the interaction with HDAC1. The synthesized dual-acting agents exhibited promising inhibitory activities towards HDAC1 and CK2. The best result was obtained for 5c with an IC50 of 5 μM for both enzymes. However, its N-2 substituted isomer 5e presented the best profile in cell-based assays, with cytotoxic activity in the low micromolar LC50 in two mammalian cancer cell lines and 4-fold less activity towards a pseudonormal mammalian cell line. Furthermore, this hybrid molecule induced apoptosis in leukemia cells in a concentration-dependent manner. All together this makes 5e a promising lead compound for future in vivo assays in animal tumor models.
- Purwin,Hernández-Toribio,Coderch,Panchuk,Skorokhyd,Filipiak,De Pascual-Teresa,Ramos
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- Salivary hydrogen sulfide measured with a new highly sensitive self-immolative coumarin-based fluorescent probe
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Ample evidence suggests that H2S is an important biological mediator, produced by endogenous enzymes and microbiota. So far, several techniques including colorimetric methods, electrochemical analysis and sulfide precipitation have been developed for H2S detection. These methods provide sensitive detection, however, they are destructive for tissues and require tedious sequences of preparation steps for the analyzed samples. Here, we report synthesis of a new fluorescent probe for H2S detection, 4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl 5-azidopentanoate (1). The design of 1 is based on combination of two strategies for H2S detection, i.e., reduction of an azido group to an amine in the presence of H2S and intramolecular lactamization. Finally, we measured salivary H2S concentration in healthy, 18–40-year-old volunteers immediately after obtaining specimens. The newly developed self-immolative coumarin-based fluorescence probe (C15H15N3O4) showed high sensitivity to H2S detection in both sodium phosphate buffer at physiological pH and in saliva. Salivary H2S concentration in healthy volunteers was within a range of 1.641–7.124 μM.
- Zaorska, Ewelina,Konop, Marek,Ostaszewski, Ryszard,Koszelewski, Dominik,Ufnal, Marcin
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- A comparative approach to the most sustainable protocol for the β-azidation of α,β-unsaturated ketones and acids
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In this contribution we have used green metrics analysis to compare the material efficiency, environmental impact, and safety-hazard impact in order to compare flow and batch procedures for azidation of α,β-unsaturated carbonyls. It has been proved that flow protocols possess a greener profile over the corresponding batch procedures based on identical chemistries. In this work the new flow procedure described is very efficient; however, the significant uncertainties in the environmental and safety-hazard impact scores are due to the lack of toxicity, hazard, and occupational exposure data available on trimethylsilyl azide and the resin catalysts used here. The results for the new flow procedure show significant and definite improvements over previously published work with respect to waste minimization/material efficiency and are consistent with satisfying green chemistry principles. The results obtained in this work prove the usefulness of our flow-approach for realizing highly efficient processes featuring minimal waste production.
- Andraos, John,Ballerini, Eleonora,Vaccaro, Luigi
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- Efficient Synthesis of Pyrrolo [2,3-d] Pyrimidines Containing 1,4-Disubstituted-1,2,3-Triazole Derivatives
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Here, we demonstrate a simple but highly efficient method for the synthesis of multifunctionalized pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines containing 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole derivative coupled with various amines (10a, 10b, 10c, 10d, 10e, 10f, 10g) and alcohol (10h) to obtain final compounds (11a, 11b, 11c, 11d, 11e, 11f, 11g, 11h) with reasonable to excellent yields (25% to 94%). The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR,1HNMR,13CNMR, and mass spectroscopy analysis.
- Ruddarraju, Radhakrishnamraju,Murugulla, Adharvana Chari,Donthabakthuni, Shobha,Kotla, Ravindar,Deshmukh, Sandeep,Maroju, Ravichandar,Palle, Sadhanandam
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- Labeling lysine acetyltransferase substrates with engineered enzymes and functionalized cofactor surrogates
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Elucidating biological and pathological functions of protein lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) greatly depends on the knowledge of the dynamic and spatial localization of their enzymatic targets in the cellular proteome. We report the design and application of chemical probes for facile labeling and detection of substrates of the three major human KAT enzymes. In this approach, we create engineered KATs in junction with synthetic Ac-CoA surrogates to effectively label KAT substrates even in the presence of competitive nascent cofactor acetyl-CoA. The functionalized and transferable acyl moiety of the Ac-CoA analogs further allowed the labeled substrates to be probed with alkynyl or azido-tagged fluorescent reporters by the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. The synthetic cofactors, in combination with either native or rationally engineered KAT enzymes, provide a versatile chemical biology strategy to label and profile cellular targets of KATs at the proteomic level.
- Yang, Chao,Mi, Jiaqi,Feng, You,Ngo, Liza,Gao, Tielong,Yan, Leilei,Zheng, Yujun George
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- A cryptophane-based "turn-on" 129Xe NMR biosensor for monitoring calmodulin
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We present the first cryptophane-based "turn-on" 129Xe NMR biosensor, employing a peptide-functionalized cryptophane to monitor the activation of calmodulin (CaM) protein in solution. In the absence of CaM binding, interaction between the peptide and cryptophane completely suppresses the hyperpolarized 129Xe-cryptophane NMR signal. Biosensor binding to Ca2+-activated CaM produces the expected 129Xe-cryptophane NMR signal.
- Riggle, Brittany A.,Greenberg, Mara L.,Wang, Yanfei,Wissner, Rebecca F.,Zemerov, Serge D.,Petersson, E. James,Dmochowski, Ivan J.
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- Antibiotic Conjugates with an Artificial MECAM-Based Siderophore Are Potent Agents against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacterial Pathogens
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The development of novel drugs against Gram-negative bacteria represents an urgent medical need. To overcome their outer cell membrane, we synthesized conjugates of antibiotics and artificial siderophores based on the MECAM core, which are imported by bacterial iron uptake systems. Structures, spin states, and iron binding properties were predicted in silico using density functional theory. The capability of MECAM to function as an effective artificial siderophore in Escherichia coli was proven in microbiological growth recovery and bioanalytical assays. Following a linker optimization focused on transport efficiency, five β-lactam and one daptomycin conjugates were prepared. The most potent conjugate 27 showed growth inhibition of Gram-positive and Gram-negative multidrug-resistant pathogens at nanomolar concentrations. The uptake pathway of MECAMs was deciphered by knockout mutants and highlighted the relevance of FepA, CirA, and Fiu. Resistance against 27 was mediated by a mutation in the gene encoding ExbB, which is involved in siderophore transport.
- Br?nstrup, Mark,Grunenberg, J?rg,Hotop, Sven-Kevin,Karge, Bianka,Lai, Yi-Hui,Peukert, Carsten,Pinkert, Lukas,Schulze, Lara Marie
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p. 15440 - 15460
(2021/10/25)
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- Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel ErbB/HDAC multitargeted inhibitors with selectivity in EGFRT790M mutant cell lines
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Acquired resistance leads to the failure of EGFR TKIs in NSCLC treatment. A novel series of hydroxamic acid-containing 4-aminoquinazoline derivatives as irreversible ErbB/HDAC multitargeted inhibitors for NSCLC therapy had been designed and synthesized, which displayed weak anti-proliferative activity in several EGFR wild-type cancer cell lines (NCI–H838, SK-BR-3, A549, A431) yet retained moderate activity to EGFRT790M resistance mutation harboring NCI–H1975 cells. The mechanistic studies revealed that the representative compound 11e was able to inhibit the phosphorylation of EGFR, up-regulate hyperacetylation of histone H3 and even reduce the expression of EGFR and Akt in NCI–H1975 cells. In further assays, compound 11e also showed moderate anti-proliferative activity in other EGFRT790M harboring tumor cell lines (NCI–H820, Ba/F3_EGFR_Del19-T790M-C797S) and low toxicities in normal cell lines (HL-7702, FHC). This selectivity of designed multitargeted compounds could serve as a potential strategy to circumvent multiple mechanisms of acquired resistance to EGFR-targeted therapy without severe toxicities and side effects resulting from broad inhibition.
- Zhao, Lei,Fan, Tingting,Shi, Zhichao,Ding, Chao,Zhang, Cunlong,Yuan, Zigao,Sun, Qinsheng,Tan, Chunyan,Chu, Bizhu,Jiang, Yuyang
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- Discovery of triazolyl thalidomide derivatives as anti-fibrosis agents
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Fibrosis with excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) often causes progressive organ dysfunction and results in many inflammatory and metabolic diseases, including systemic sclerosis, pulmonary fibrosis, advanced liver disease and advanced kidney disease. The store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) pathway and the related signaling pathway were both found to be the important routes for fibrogenesis. Our aim in this study was to discover novel compounds to inhibit fibrogenesis. A number of triazolyl thalidomide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-fibrosis activities. Compounds 7b-e, 8c-d, 10a-b and 10e inhibited intracellular Ca2+ activation and showed no cytotoxicity. Among them, 6-{4-[(3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)-2,6-dioxopiperidin-1-yl)methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}hexanoic acid (10e) with the most potent inhibitory effect was chosen for further examination. The results revealed that compound 10e, a SOCE inhibitor, reversed the migratory ability of TGF-β1-induced myofibroblasts, dedifferentiated myofibroblasts to fibroblasts due to cytoskeleton remodeling, and restrained myofibroblast activation by targeting Orai1 and TGF-β1/SMAD2/3 signaling pathways. The in silico study indicated that compound 10e, with the appropriate lipophilic carbon chain and carboxylic acid, showed a good drug-likeness model score. Conclusively, the SOCE inhibitor, compound 10e, is used as a promising lead compound for the development of a new treatment for fibrosis. This journal is
- Tang, Kai-Wei,Hsu, Wen-Li,Chen, Cheng-Ru,Tsai, Ming-Hsien,Yen, Chia-Jung,Tseng, Chih-Hua
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p. 3589 - 3599
(2021/03/03)
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- Amino-Acid-Anthraquinone Click Chemistry Conjugates Selectively Target Human Telomeric G-Quadruplexes
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Guanine-rich sequences are known to fold into G-quadruplex (G4) arrangements, which are present in oncogenes and in the telomeric regions of chromosomes. In particular, G4s represent an obstacle to functioning of telomerase, an enzyme overexpressed in cancer cells causing their immortalization. Therefore, G4 stabilization using small molecules represents an appealing strategy for the medicinal chemist. Ligands based on an anthraquinone scaffold, to which peptidic side chains were attached by an amide bond, were previously reported. We envisioned improving this ligand concept leveraging the click chemistry approach, which, besides representing a flexible, high yielding synthetic strategy, allows an elongation of the side chains and an increase of π–π stacking and H-bond interactions with the nucleobases through the triazole ring. Compounds were tested for their ability to interact with G4 DNA with a multiple analytical approach, demonstrating an elevated aptitude to stabilize the G4 and high selectivity over double stranded DNA.
- Auricchio, Davide,Desiderati, Giovanni,Gianoncelli, Alessandra,Memo, Maurizio,Ongaro, Alberto,Oselladore, Erika,Ribaudo, Giovanni,Sissi, Claudia
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- Novel diagnosis and treatment type nano-drug based on molecular shuttle
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The invention belongs to the technical field of biology, and relates to a novel diagnosis and treatment type nano-drug based on a molecular shuttle. According to the invention, a drug is linked to twoends of a molecular shuttle guest molecule through a click chemical reaction; by utilizing a drug molecule size effect, the molecular shuttle guest is difficultly be identified and penetrated by a molecular shuttle host; and in a tumor reducing microenvironment, the drug is released while the molecular shuttle guest is liberated, so that the molecular shuttle guest can be quickly, precisely and specifically recognized and penetrated by the molecular shuttle host to form a fusiform near-infrared supramolecular probe, wherein the fusiform near-infrared supramolecular probe can be used for real-timely characterizing the release behavior of the drug at an in-vitro cell level or an in-vivo animal level.
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Paragraph 0119-0123
(2020/05/01)
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- Catechin-amantadine conjugate as well as preparation method and application thereof
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The invention discloses a catechin-amantadine conjugate as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The structure of the derivative is shown in the specification. The preparation method comprises the following steps: selectively protecting catechin; synthesizing a protected catechin terminal alkyne precursor under an alkaline condition; synthesizing an amantadine azide intermediate; carrying out click reaction on the terminal alkyne precursor and an azido adamantane precursor to synthesize a catechin adamantane conjugate; and in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, carrying out deprotection to synthesize the catechin-amantadine conjugate. The synthesized catechin-amantadine conjugate is novel in structure and simple in synthesis route, a noble metal catalyst is not used,and the synthesized catechin-amantadine has good anti-influenza activity.
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Paragraph 0032-0034
(2020/09/12)
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- Design, synthesis, and anti-bacterial evaluation of triazolyl-pterostilbene derivatives
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Staphylococcus aureus resistance to current antibiotics has become the greatest global challenge facing public health. The development of new antimicrobial agents is urgent and important and is needed to provide additional therapeutic options. In our previous study, we found out that pterostilbene exhibited potent antibacterial activity, especially against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). According to previous studies, 1,2,3-triazole, with the characteristic of increasing the interaction with the target readily and enhancing water solubility, were widely used in the approved anti-bacterial drugs. Therefore, these results attract our interest to use the structure of pterostilbene as a scaffold for the hybrid 1,2,3-triazole moiety to develop a novel anti-MRSA infection agent. In this study, we demonstrated the design and synthesis of a series of triazolylpterostilbene derivatives. Among these compounds, compound 4d exhibited the most potent anti-MRSA activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 1.2-2.4 μg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) value of 19.5-39 μg/mL. The structure-activity relationship and antibacterial mechanism were investigated in this study. Molecular docking studies were carried out to verify and rationalize the biological results. In this study, the results confirmed that our design could successfully increase the inhibitory activity and specificity against MRSA. Compound 4d could be used as a candidate for anti-bacterial agents and in depth vivo studies should be further investigated.
- Tang, Kai-Wei,Yang, Shih-Chun,Tseng, Chih-Hua
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- Synthesis and biological evaluation of salinomycin triazole analogues as anticancer agents
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Salinomycin, a polyether antibiotic used for treatment of coccidial disease in animal husbandry, has demonstrated promising efficacy for treating different cancers. To enrich structure-activity relationship of salinomycin in tumours, we prepared a series of new triazole derivatives in specific site of salinomycin by click cycloaddition reactions, and assessed their antiproliferative activities on breast cancer cell lines. The screening results indicated that most derivatives modified at the C20 hydroxyl group have potent antitumour activity. Notably, salinomycin triazole dimers were 3.27–4.97 times more toxic than the natural substance in ERα-positive breast cancer cells (MCF-7), and had moderately improved toxicity in triple-negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231).
- Huang, Minjian,Deng, Zixin,Tian, Jian,Liu, Tiangang
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p. 900 - 908
(2017/02/18)
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- HETEROBIFUNCTIONAL PAN-SELECTIN ANTAGONISTS HAVING A TRIAZOLE LINKER
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Compounds, compositions, and methods for modulating in vitro and in vivo processes mediated by selectin binding. For example, heterobifunctional compounds that inhibit both E-selectins and P-selectins are described, wherein the selectin modulators that modulate (e.g., inhibit or enhance) a selectin-mediated function comprise particular glycomimetics linked to a member of a class of compounds termed BASAs (Benzyl Amino Sulfonic Acids). The compounds are of formula (la) wherein the substituents are as defined in the claims.
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Paragraph 00121; 00139
(2017/06/30)
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- Copper-free catalytic click chemical module molecule and application of copper-free catalytic click chemical module molecule in medicine
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The invention relates to the field of chemistry and a preparation, and more specifically relates to preparation of a copper-free catalytic click chemical module molecule and an application of the copper-free catalytic click chemical module molecule in construction of a drug delivery carrier and surface multifunctional modification. According to the invention, a cyclooctyne derivative and a liposome matrix are used for forming stable liposome through a dispersing method; a physical effect is used for efficiently loading the gene treatment medicines or chemotherapeutics, furthermore, the stable drug liposome is formed; finally, through a click chemical reaction of copper-free catalysis, and the azide derivatives having different functions are modified to the surface of the drug liposome according to the requirement and the formation of a chemical bond. The method can avoid the toxicity of heavy metal copper ions, and overcomes the disadvantages of DNA degradation and protein denaturation brought by copper catalysis. Under condition that efficient and stable medicine carrying is guaranteed, the construction of the multifunctional drug delivery carrier with safety, stabilization and high efficiency can be obtained.
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Paragraph 0109; 0110; 0111; 0112; 0113
(2017/08/28)
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- BETA-LACTAMASE INHIBITORS
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Described herein are compounds and compositions that modulate the activity of beta -lactamases. In some embodiments, the compounds described herein inhibit beta-lactamase. In certain embodiments, the compounds described herein are useful in the treatment of bacterial infections.
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Paragraph 0374
(2017/04/08)
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- Cathepsin B Inhibitors: Combining Dipeptide Nitriles with an Occluding Loop Recognition Element by Click Chemistry
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An active site mapping of human cathepsin B with dipeptide nitrile inhibitors was performed for a combinatorial approach by introducing several points of diversity and stepwise optimizing the inhibitor structure. To address the occluding loop of cathepsin B by a carboxylate moiety, click chemistry to generate linker-connected molecules was applied. Inhibitor 17 exhibited Ki values of 41.3 nM, 27.3 nM, or 19.2 nM, depending on the substrate and pH of the assay. Kinetic data were discussed with respect to the conformational selection and induced fit models.
- Schmitz, Janina,Li, Tianwei,Bartz, Ulrike,Gütschow, Michael
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supporting information
p. 211 - 216
(2016/03/25)
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- Effect of novel triazole-amino acid hybrids on growth and virulence of Candida species: in vitro and in vivo studies
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The increasing incidence of human candidiasis and the tendency of Candida species to become resistant to existing chemotherapies are well-recognized health problems. The present study demonstrates the successful synthesis of novel triazole-amino acid hybrids with potent in vitro and in vivo inhibitory activity against Candida species. Particularly, compounds 68 and 70 showed potent in vitro activity against fluconazole (FLC) resistant as well as sensitive clinical isolates of Candida albicans. Time kill curve analysis of lead inhibitors 68 and 70 showed their fungistatic nature. Secretion of hydrolytic enzymes, mainly proteinases and phospholipases, decreased considerably in the presence of 68 and 70 indicating their interference in fungal virulence. TEM analysis of Candida cells exposed to compounds 68 and 70 clearly showed morphological changes and intracellular damage as their possible mode of action. A preliminary mechanistic study carried out on the two most effective inhibitors (68 and 70) revealed the inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis thereby causing the cells to lose their integrity and viability. The selected compounds did not show significant cytotoxicity up to a concentration of 200 μg mL?1 in the HEK293 cell line. An in silico analysis of 68 and 70 binding to a modeled C. albicans CYP51 showed critical H-bonding as well as hydrophobic interactions with the important active site residues indicating the basis of their anti-Candida role. Studies on the larvae of Galleria mellonella showed that the selected inhibitors (68 and 70) were non-toxic, did not provoke an immune response and significantly reduced Candida proliferation in vivo.
- Aneja, Babita,Irfan, Mohammad,Kapil, Charu,Jairajpuri, Mohamad Aman,Maguire, Ronan,Kavanagh, Kevin,Rizvi, M. Moshahid A.,Manzoor, Nikhat,Azam, Amir,Abid, Mohammad
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p. 10599 - 10619
(2016/11/30)
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- FUROQUINOLINEDIONES AS INHIBITORS OF TDP2
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Compounds of Formula I and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are disclosed Formula I. The variables X1, X2, and R1-4 are disclosed herein. The compounds are useful for treating cancer and related proliferative diseases. Pharmaceutical compositions containing compounds of Formula I and methods of treatment comprising administering compounds of Formula I are also disclosed.
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Paragraph 0171
(2016/08/10)
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- NOVEL REAGENTS FOR UNIVERSAL SITE-SPECIFIC LABELING AND MODIFICATIONS OF NUCLEIC ACIDS
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The present invention discloses a method of harnessing versatile phosphoramidation reactions to regioselectively incorporate alkynyl/azido groups into post-synthetic nucleic acids primed with phosphate at the 5′ termini. With and without the presence of copper, the modified nucleic acids were subjected to azide-alkyne cycloaddition to obtain various nucleic acid conjugates including a peptide-oligonucleotide conjugate (POC) with a high yield.
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Paragraph 0047-0048
(2016/10/11)
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- A "Smart" 129Xe NMR biosensor for pH-dependent cell labeling
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Here we present a "smart" xenon-129 NMR biosensor that undergoes a peptide conformational change and labels cells in acidic environments. To a cryptophane host molecule with high Xe affinity, we conjugated a 30mer EALA-repeat peptide that is α-helical at pH 5.5 and disordered at pH 7.5. The 129Xe NMR chemical shift at room temperature was strongly pH-dependent (Δδ = 3.4 ppm): δ = 64.2 ppm at pH 7.5 vs δ = 67.6 ppm at pH 5.5, where Trp(peptide)-cryptophane interactions were evidenced by Trp fluorescence quenching. Using hyper-CEST NMR, we probed peptidocryptophane detection limits at low-picomolar (10-11 M) concentration, which compares favorably to other NMR pH reporters at 10-2-10-3 M. Finally, in biosensor-HeLa cell solutions, peptide-cell membrane insertion at pH 5.5 generated a 13.4 ppm downfield cryptophane-129Xe NMR chemical shift relative to pH 7.5 studies. This highlights new uses for 129Xe as an ultrasensitive probe of peptide structure and function, along with potential applications for pH-dependent cell labeling in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
- Riggle, Brittany A.,Wang, Yanfei,Dmochowski, Ivan J.
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supporting information
p. 5542 - 5548
(2015/05/13)
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- Templated Chromophore Assembly by Dynamic Covalent Bonds
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Through the simultaneous use of three orthogonal dynamic covalent reactions, namely disulfide, boronate, and acyl hydrazone formation, we conceived a facile and versatile protocol to spatially organize tailored chromophores, which absorb in the blue, red, and yellow regions, on a preprogrammed α-helix peptide. This approach allowed the assembly of the dyes in the desired ratio and spacing, as dictated by both the relative positioning and distribution of the recognition units on the peptide scaffold. Steady-state UV/Vis absorption and emission studies suggest an energy transfer from the yellow and red donors to the blue acceptor. A molecular dynamics simulation supports the experimental findings that the helical structure is maintained after the assembly and the three dyes are confined in defined conformational spaces.
- Rocard, Lou,Berezin, Andrey,De Leo, Federica,Bonifazi, Davide
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supporting information
p. 15739 - 15743
(2016/01/29)
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- New class of bioluminogenic probe based on bioluminescent enzyme-induced electron transfer: BioLeT
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Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) has advantages for investigating biological phenomena in deep tissues of living animals, but few design strategies are available for functional bioluminescent substrates. We propose a new design strategy (designated as bioluminescent enzyme-induced electron transfer: BioLeT) for luciferin-based bioluminescence probes. Luminescence measurements of a series of aminoluciferin derivatives confirmed that bioluminescence can be controlled by means of BioLeT. Based on this concept, we developed bioluminescence probes for nitric oxide that enabled quantitative and sensitive detection even in vivo. Our design strategy should be applicable to develop a wide range of practically useful bioluminogenic probes.
- Takakura, Hideo,Kojima, Ryosuke,Kamiya, Mako,Kobayashi, Eiji,Komatsu, Toru,Ueno, Tasuku,Terai, Takuya,Hanaoka, Kenjiro,Nagano, Tetsuo,Urano, Yasuteru
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supporting information
p. 4010 - 4013
(2015/04/14)
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- Polymeric micelles based on photocleavable linkers tethered with a model drug
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An amphiphilic block copolymer with photocleavable nitrobenzyl moieties in the side chain of the hydrophobic block was successfully synthesized by a combination of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and the Cu(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azide and alkynes. 2-(Trimethylsilyloxy)ethyl methacrylate (HEMATMS) was polymerized from a poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) macroinitiator via ATRP, leading to a well-defined block copolymer of PEO113-b-PHEMATMS45 with low polydispersity index (PDI = 1.09). After the polymerization, trimethylsilyl (TMS) groups were deprotected and then functionalized in-situ with 3-azidopropionic chloride to yield PEO-b-[2-(1-azidobutyryloxy)ethyl methacrylate] (PEO-b-PAzHEMA). Alkyne-functionalized pyrene with a photocleavable 2-nitrobenzyl moiety was added to the PEO-b-PAzHEMA backbone via click chemistry to produce the desired block copolymer with high fidelity. The resulting block copolymer was self-assembled in water to yield spherical micelles with an average diameter of 60 nm. Upon UV irradiation, 2-nitrobenzyl moieties were selectively cleaved, leading to the release of a model drug, 1-pyrenebutyric acid. Coumarin 102, another model drug that was physically encapsulated in the core of micelles during micellization in water, was also released at the same time. The general strategy presented herein can potentially be utilized for the preparation of polymeric vehicles that are capable of delivering multiple therapeutics under controlled individual release kinetics.
- Lee, Ji-Eun,Ahn, Eungjin,Bak, Jae Min,Jung, Seo-Hyun,Park, Jong Mok,Kim, Byeong-Su,Lee, Hyung-Il
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p. 1436 - 1442
(2014/04/03)
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- MOLECULAR SENSOR AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF
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The present invention is directed to fluorescent molecular sensor based on thiazole orange as represented below for protein detection. Interaction of the protein target with the molecular sensors of this invention results in a significant increase in the fluorescence emission. The generation of light output signal enables one to detect protein biomarkers associated with different diseases or detecting the protein of interest also in living cells.
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Paragraph 00114
(2014/07/21)
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- Development of cyclic peptomer inhibitors targeting the polo-box domain of polo-like kinase 1
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The polo-box domain (PBD) of polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) is essentially required for the function of Plk1 in cell proliferation. The availability of the phosphopeptide-binding pocket on PBD provides a unique opportunity to develop novel protein-protein interaction inhibitors. Recent identification of a minimal 5-residue-long phosphopeptide, PLHSpT, as a Plk1 PBD-specific ligand has led to the development of several peptide-based inhibitors, but none of them is cyclic peptide. Through the combination of single-peptoid mimics and thio-ether bridged cyclization, we successfully demonstrated for the first time two cyclic peptomers, PL-116 and PL-120, dramatically improved the binding affinity without losing mono-specificity against Plk1 PBD in comparison with the linear parental peptide, PLHSpT. These cyclic peptomers could serve as promising templates for future drug designs to inhibit Plk1 PBD.
- Murugan, Ravichandran N.,Park, Jung-Eun,Lim, Dan,Ahn, Mija,Cheong, Chaejoon,Kwon, Taeho,Nam, Ky-Youb,Choi, Sun Ho,Kim, Bo Yeon,Yoon, Do-Young,Yaffe, Michael B.,Yu, Dae-Yeul,Lee, Kyung S.,Bang, Jeong Kyu
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p. 2623 - 2634
(2013/06/27)
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- ALPHA-AMINO BORONIC ACID DERIVATIVES, SELECTIVE IMMUNOPROTEASOME INHIBITORS
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The present invention provides compounds of Formula (I) as inhibitors of LMP7 for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. In formula (I), Rb and Rc are independently selected from one another from H or C1-C6-alkyl; whereby Rb and Rc may be linked to form a 5 or 6 membered-ring containing the oxygen atoms to which they are linked; Q denotes Ar, Het or cycloalkyl; R1 R2 independently from each other denotes H, ORa, Hal, C1-C6-alkyl wherein 1 to 5 H atoms may be independently replaced by OH or Hal; Y denotes CR 3R4, preferably CH2 or C(CH3)2; R 3, R4 independently of one another denote H or C1-C6-alkyl; L denotes L1 or L2 or alkyl; n is an integer selected from 0 to 3; L 1 is Q1-CO-M- wherein Q 1 is Ar or Het, preferably, phenyl, naphthyl or pyridine, optionally substituted with 1 to 5 groups independently selected from ORa, Hal, phenyl, and C1-C6-alkyl wherein 1 to 5 H atoms may be independently replaced by OH or Hal; L2 is Q2-M- wherein Q 2 is a fused bicyclic system containing 1 nitrogen atom and 1 to 3 additional groups independently selected from O, S, N, or CO, and wherein at least one of the rings is aromatic whereby the fused bicyclic system is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 groups independently selected from ORa, Hal, phenyl, and C1-C6-alkyl wherein 1 to 5 H atoms may be independently replaced by OH or Hal; or Q 2 is unsaturated or aromatic 5 membered-ring system containing 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O, S and CO, and optionally substituted with a phenyl ring or pyridine ring whereby phenyl ring and pyridine ring are optionally substituted with 1 to 4 groups independently selected from ORa, Hal, phenyl, and C1-C6-alkyl wherein 1 to 5 H atoms may be independently replaced by OH or Hal; M is a linear or branched alkylene having 1 to 5 carbon atoms wherein 1 or 2 H atoms may be replaced by OR a or a phenyl ring optionally substituted with 1 to 5 groups independently selected from Hal, ORa, and C1-C6-alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5 groups independently selected from OH, and Hal; or M denotes a cycloalkylene having 3 to 7 carbon atoms; or M denotes a thiazolidinyl group; R a is H or C1-C6-alkyl wherein 1 to 5 H atom may be independently replaced by OH or Hal; Ar denotes a 6 membered-aromatic carbocyclic ring optionally fused with another carbocyclic saturated, unsaturated or aromatic ring having 5 to 8 carbon atoms; Het denotes a 5- or 6-membered saturated, unsaturated or aromatic heterocyclic ring having 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from N, N+O-, O, S, SO, and SO 2, and optionally fused with another saturated, unsaturated or aromatic ring having 5 to 8 atoms and optionally containing 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S; Hal denotes CI, Br, I of F; preferably CI or F.
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Page/Page column 52
(2013/07/05)
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- A protocol for accessing the β-azidation of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids
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This contribution reports the preparation and use of a new immobilized catalyst, PS-DABCOF (9), which has been specifically designed to access for the first time the efficient β-azidation of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids.
- Angelini, Tommaso,Bonollo, Simona,Lanari, Daniela,Pizzo, Ferdinando,Vaccaro, Luigi
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supporting information
p. 4610 - 4613
(2012/10/30)
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- Selective RNA versus DNA G-quadruplex targeting by situ click chemistry
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It all clicks into place: A potent telomere-targeting small molecule has been identified by using the copper-free 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of a series of alkyne and azide building blocks catalyzed by a non-Watson-Crick DNA secondary structure (see picture). This method rapidly identifies, otherwise unanticipated, potent small-molecule probes to selectively target a given RNA or DNA. Copyright
- Di Antonio, Marco,Biffi, Giulia,Mariani, Angelica,Raiber, Eun-Ang,Rodriguez, Rapha?l,Balasubramanian, Shankar
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supporting information
p. 11073 - 11078
(2013/01/15)
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- Design, synthesis, modeling, biological evaluation and photoaffinity labeling studies of novel series of photoreactive benzamide probes for histone deacetylase 2
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The design, modeling, synthesis, biological evaluation of a novel series of photoreactive benzamide probes for class I HDAC isoforms is reported. The probes are potent and selective for HDAC1 and 2 and are efficient in crosslinking to HDAC2 as demonstrated by photolabeling experiments. The probes exhibit a time-dependent inhibition of class I HDACs. The inhibitory activities of the probes were influenced by the positioning of the aryl and alkyl azido groups necessary for photocrosslinking and attachment of the biotin tag. The probes inhibited the deacetylation of H4 in MDA-MB-231 cell line, indicating that they are cell permeable and target the nuclear HDACs.
- Vaidya, Aditya Sudheer,Karumudi, Bhargava,Mendonca, Emma,Madriaga, Antonett,Abdelkarim, Hazem,Van Breemen, Richard B.,Petukhov, Pavel A.
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scheme or table
p. 5025 - 5030
(2012/08/28)
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- Inhibition of lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase by benzofuran salicylic acids
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The lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase (Lyp, PTPN22) is a critical negative regulator of T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signaling. A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the ptpn22 gene correlates with the incidence of various autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Since the disease-associated allele is a more potent inhibitor of TCR signaling, specific Lyp inhibitors may become valuable in treating autoimmunity. Using a structure-based approach, we synthesized a library of 34 compounds that inhibited Lyp with IC50 values between 0.27 and 6.2 μM. A reporter assay was employed to screen for compounds that enhanced TCR signaling in cells, and several inhibitors displayed a dose-dependent, activating effect. Subsequent probing for Lyps direct physiological targets by immunoblot analysis confirmed the ability of the compounds to inhibit Lyp in T cells. Selectivity profiling against closely related tyrosine phosphatases and in silico docking studies with the crystal structure of Lyp yielded valuable information for the design of Lyp-specific compounds.
- Vang, Torkel,Xie, Yuli,Liu, Wallace H.,Vidovi?, Du?ica,Liu, Yidong,Wu, Shuangding,Smith, Deborah H.,Rinderspacher, Alison,Chung, Caty,Gong, Gangli,Mustelin, Tomas,Landry, Donald W.,Rickert, Robert C.,Schürer, Stephan C.,Deng, Shi-Xian,Tautz, Lutz
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experimental part
p. 562 - 571
(2011/03/20)
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- Genetic expression of an amyloid peptide fragment and analysis of formylated products
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The model amyloid peptide AAKLVFF was expressed as a His-tagged fusion protein with the immunoglobulin-binding domain B1 of streptococcal protein G (GB1), a small (56 residues), stable, single-domain protein. It is shown that expression of this model amyloid peptide is possible and is not hindered by aggregation. Formylation side reactions during the CNBr cleavage are investigated via synthesis of selectively formylated peptides.
- Cheng,Krasel,Zhou,Chappell,Hamley
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 2572 - 2575
(2011/07/08)
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- Synthesis and biological evaluation of a triazole-based library of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines as FGFR3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors
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A library of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines was designed as inhibitors of FGFR3 tyrosine kinase allowing possible interactions with an unexploited region of the ATP binding-site. This library was built-up with an efficient step of click-chemistry giving easy access to triazole-based compounds bearing a large panel of substituents. Among the 27 analogues synthesized, more than half exhibited 55-89% inhibition of in vitro FGFR3 kinase activity at 2 μM and one (19g) was able to inhibit auto-phosphorylation of mutant FGFR3-K650M in transfected HEK cells.
- Le Corre, Laurent,Girard, Anne-Lise,Aubertin, Johannes,Radvanyi, Franois,Benoist-Lasselin, Catherine,Jonquoy, Aurelie,Mugniery, Emilie,Legeai-Mallet, Laurence,Busca, Patricia,Le Merrer, Yves
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scheme or table
p. 2164 - 2173
(2010/07/04)
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- High-throughput synthesis of azide libraries suitable for direct "click" chemistry and in situ screening
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A key challenge in current drug discovery is the development of high-throughput (HT) amenable chemical reactions that allow rapid synthesis of diverse chemical libraries of enzyme inhibitors. The Cu(I)-catalyzed, 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between an azide and an alkyne, better known as "click chemistry", is one such method that has received the most attention in recent years. Despite its popularity, there is still a lack of robust and efficient chemical strategies that give access to diverse libraries of azide-containing building blocks (key components in click chemistry). We report herein a highly robust and efficient strategy for high-throughput synthesis of a 325-member azide library. The method is highlighted by its simplicity and product purity. The utility of the library is demonstrated with the subsequent "click" synthesis of the corresponding bidentate inhibitors against PTP1B.
- Srinivasan, Rajavel,Tan, Lay Pheng,Wu, Hao,Yang, Peng-Yu,Kalesh, Karunakaran A.,Yao, Shao Q.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 1821 - 1828
(2009/06/28)
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- Amberlite IRA900F as a solid fluoride source for a variety of organic transformations under solvent-free conditions
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We have reported that Amberlite IRA900F (Amb-F) is an efficient metal-free catalyst for the activation of Si-N and Si-O bonds and a mild base in a variety of organic transformations under solvent-free conditions, such as the addition of TMSN3 to (E)-2-aryl-1-cyano-1-nitroethenes, nitriles, α,β-unsaturated acids and their esters, and the addition of dimethylsilyl ketene acetal and ethyl nitroacetate to β-nitrostyrenes. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2008.
- Fringuelli, Francesco,Lanari, Daniela,Pizzo, Ferdinando,Vaccaro, Luigi
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experimental part
p. 3928 - 3932
(2009/04/08)
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- Visual detection of copper(II) by azide- and alkyne-functionalized gold nanoparticles using click chemistry
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(Figure Presented) Just one click, and the color's gone: In the presence of Cu2+ with sodium ascorbate as a reductant, gold nanoparticles that have azide- and alkyne-terminated groups undergo aggregation as the result of CuI-catalyzed click chemistry. This process can be monitored by eye without the aid of instruments (NPs=nanoparticles).
- Zhou, Yang,Wang, Shixing,Zhang, Ke,Jiang, Xingyu
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 7454 - 7456
(2009/03/12)
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- Synthesis and evaluation of coumermycin A1 analogues that inhibit the Hsp90 protein folding machinery
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(Chemical Equation Presented) The coumarin antibiotics are not only potent inhibitors of DNA gyrase but also represent the most effective C-terminal inhibitors of 90 kDa heat shock proteins (Hsp90) reported thus far. In contrast to the N-terminal ATP-binding site, little is known about the Hsp90 C-terminus. In addition, very limited structure-activity relationships exist between this class of natural products and Hsp90. In this letter, the syntheses of dimeric coumarin analogues are presented along with their inhibitory values in breast cancer cell lines.
- Burlison, Joseph A.,Blagg, Brian S. J.
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p. 4855 - 4858
(2007/10/03)
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- On the preparation of carbohydrate-protein conjugates using the traceless Staudinger ligation
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The nature of a linker used for preparing glycoconjugate vaccines is of utmost importance as it may lead to immunogenic biomolecules. We report the conjugation of carbohydrate haptens to protein carriers leading to potential vaccines using the traceless Staudinger ligation. The ligation relies on the selective transfer of a phosphane substituent to an azide to form a native amide bond in the final product upon release of an oxidized phosphane byproduct. We designed new phosphinofunctionalized cross-linkers suitable for protein carrier derivatization. We evaluated their utility in preparing conjugates using both synthetic and purified bacterial carbohydrates. The use of a borane-protected phosphane which is deprotected at the time of the ligation reaction led to the best results observed thus far in terms of stability toward oxidation and reactivity.
- Grandjean, Cyrille,Boutonnier, Alain,Guerreiro, Catherine,Fournier, Jean-Michel,Mulard, Laurence A.
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p. 7123 - 7132
(2007/10/03)
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- Chemoselective ligation
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The present invention features a chemoselective ligation reaction that can be carried out under physiological conditions. In general, the invention involves condensation of a specifically engineered phosphine, which can provide for formation of an amide bond between the two reactive partners resulting in a final product comprising a phosphine moiety, or which can be engineered to comprise a cleavable linker so that a substituent of the phosphine is transferred to the azide, releasing an oxidized phosphine byproduct and producing a native amide bond in the final product. The selectivity of the reaction and its compatibility with aqueous environments provides for its application in vivo (e.g., on the cell surface or intracellularly) and in vitro (e.g., synthesis of peptides and other polymers, production of modified (e.g., labeled) amino acids).
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- α-Methyl polyamines: Metabolically stable spermidine and spermine mimics capable of supporting growth in cells depleted of polyamines
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In order to assess the tolerance of the target enzyme spermine synthase for α-substituents on the aminopropyl moiety of the substrate spermidine, 1- methylspermidine (MeSpd, 2) was synthesized. It was determined that MeSpd is a poor substrate for spermine synthase and is not a substrate for spermidine N1-acetyltransferase, suggesting that α-methylated polyamines might be metabolically stable and therefore useful tools for studying polyamine effects in intact cells. On the basis of initial cellular results with 2, 1- methylspermine (MeSpm, 3) and 1,12-dimethylspermine (Me2Spm, 4) were also synthesized. When added to cells (L1210, SV-3T3, or HT29) depleted of both putrescine and spermidine by prior treatment with α- (difluoromethyl)ornithine (DFMO), these α-methylated polyamines were able to restore cell growth to that observed in the absence of DFMO. In accord with the enzyme data noted above, metabolic studies indicated a slow conversion of 2 to 3, but no metabolism of 4 in these cells. It was concluded from these results that the α-methylated polyamines are able to substitute for the natural polyamines spermidine and spermine in critical biochemical processes which involve polyamines for continued cell growth. In accord with the hypothesis, preliminary data indicate that MeSpd and Me2Spm are as effective as spermidine and spermine, respectively, in promoting the conversion of B- DNA to Z-DNA.
- Lakanen,Coward,Pegg
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p. 724 - 734
(2007/10/02)
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