C:Corrosive;
104-86-9Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Polarographic and Cyclic Voltametric Reduction of p-Chlorobenzaldehyde Isonicotinoylhydrazone
Reddy, Papammagari Raveendra,Rao, Sukuru Brahmaji
, p. 1397 - 1398 (1988)
p-Chlorobenzaldehyde isonicotinoylhydrazone (p-Cl-BAINH) exhibits a single wave in acid buffered solutions (pH 2-6) and two waves in alkaline buffered solutions (pH 7- 9).However, the compound exhibits three cathodic peaks in acid solution and two cathodic peaks in alkaline solutions.The electrode reactions are attributed to the reductive cleavage of =N-N- linkage and the reduction of the amide formed in the cleavage.
Synthesis and characterization of copper nanoparticles on walnut shell for catalytic reduction and C-C coupling reaction
Zamani, Asghar,Poursattar Marjani, Ahmad,Nikoo, Abbas,Heidarpour, Mojtaba,Dehghan, Ahmad
, p. 176 - 181 (2018)
Walnut shell-stabilized copper nanoparticles (CuNP/WS) were successfully prepared by a simple reaction of copper sulfate and Sodium borohydride. Formation of copper nanoparticles in this bio-nanocomposite was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDX). CuNP/WS was found to be an efficient, inexpensive, easy to prepare, green and reusable catalyst in the reduction of aromatic nitro and nitrile compounds to their corresponding amines with NaBH4 at 35 °C in aqueous medium. We continued our studies on the application of this nanocomposite in the classic Ullman reaction to synthesize biaryl. This method has the advantages of high yields, elimination of expensive stabilizer and homogeneous catalysts, simple methodology and easy work up. The catalyst can be recovered from the reaction mixture and reused several times without any significant loss of catalytic activity.
Stable and Inert Cobalt Catalysts for Highly Selective and Practical Hydrogenation of C≡N and C=O Bonds
Chen, Feng,Topf, Christoph,Radnik, J?rg,Kreyenschulte, Carsten,Lund, Henrik,Schneider, Matthias,Surkus, Annette-Enrica,He, Lin,Junge, Kathrin,Beller, Matthias
, p. 8781 - 8788 (2016)
Novel heterogeneous cobalt-based catalysts have been prepared by pyrolysis of cobalt complexes with nitrogen ligands on different inorganic supports. The activity and selectivity of the resulting materials in the hydrogenation of nitriles and carbonyl compounds is strongly influenced by the modification of the support and the nitrogen-containing ligand. The optimal catalyst system ([Co(OAc)2/Phenα-Al2O3]-800 = Cat. E) allows for efficient reduction of both aromatic and aliphatic nitriles including industrially relevant dinitriles to primary amines under mild conditions. The generality and practicability of this system is further demonstrated in the hydrogenation of diverse aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic ketones as well as aldehydes, which are readily reduced to the corresponding alcohols.
Hydrogenation of Aliphatic and Aromatic Nitriles Using a Defined Ruthenium PNP Pincer Catalyst
Neumann, Jacob,Bornschein, Christoph,Jiao, Haijun,Junge, Kathrin,Beller, Matthias
, p. 5944 - 5948 (2015)
Selective catalytic reductions of nitriles are presented using the commercially available Ru-Macho-BH complex. A variety of aliphatic, aromatic and (hetero)cyclic nitriles including industrially important adipodinitrile are hydrogenated to the corresponding primary amines. Modelling suggests the reaction follows an outer sphere hydrogenation mechanism. An efficient and selective catalytic reduction of nitriles is presented using the commercially available Ru-Macho-BH complex. A variety of aliphatic, aromatic and (hetero)cyclic nitriles including the industrially important adipodinitrile are hydrogenated to the corresponding primary amines. The reaction follows an outer-sphere mechanism.
Reaction of Diisobutylaluminum Borohydride, a Binary Hydride, with Selected Organic Compounds Containing Representative Functional Groups
Amberchan, Gabriella,Snelling, Rachel A.,Moya, Enrique,Landi, Madison,Lutz, Kyle,Gatihi, Roxanne,Singaram, Bakthan
supporting information, p. 6207 - 6227 (2021/05/06)
The binary hydride, diisobutylaluminum borohydride [(iBu)2AlBH4], synthesized from diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBAL) and borane dimethyl sulfide (BMS) has shown great potential in reducing a variety of organic functional groups. This unique binary hydride, (iBu)2AlBH4, is readily synthesized, versatile, and simple to use. Aldehydes, ketones, esters, and epoxides are reduced very fast to the corresponding alcohols in essentially quantitative yields. This binary hydride can reduce tertiary amides rapidly to the corresponding amines at 25 °C in an efficient manner. Furthermore, nitriles are converted into the corresponding amines in essentially quantitative yields. These reactions occur under ambient conditions and are completed in an hour or less. The reduction products are isolated through a simple acid-base extraction and without the use of column chromatography. Further investigation showed that (iBu)2AlBH4 has the potential to be a selective hydride donor as shown through a series of competitive reactions. Similarities and differences between (iBu)2AlBH4, DIBAL, and BMS are discussed.
Generation of Oxidoreductases with Dual Alcohol Dehydrogenase and Amine Dehydrogenase Activity
Tseliou, Vasilis,Schilder, Don,Masman, Marcelo F.,Knaus, Tanja,Mutti, Francesco G.
supporting information, p. 3315 - 3325 (2020/12/11)
The l-lysine-?-dehydrogenase (LysEDH) from Geobacillus stearothermophilus naturally catalyzes the oxidative deamination of the ?-amino group of l-lysine. We previously engineered this enzyme to create amine dehydrogenase (AmDH) variants that possess a new hydrophobic cavity in their active site such that aromatic ketones can bind and be converted into α-chiral amines with excellent enantioselectivity. We also recently observed that LysEDH was capable of reducing aromatic aldehydes into primary alcohols. Herein, we harnessed the promiscuous alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity of LysEDH to create new variants that exhibited enhanced catalytic activity for the reduction of substituted benzaldehydes and arylaliphatic aldehydes to primary alcohols. Notably, these novel engineered dehydrogenases also catalyzed the reductive amination of a variety of aldehydes and ketones with excellent enantioselectivity, thus exhibiting a dual AmDH/ADH activity. We envisioned that the catalytic bi-functionality of these enzymes could be applied for the direct conversion of alcohols into amines. As a proof-of-principle, we performed an unprecedented one-pot “hydrogen-borrowing” cascade to convert benzyl alcohol to benzylamine using a single enzyme. Conducting the same biocatalytic cascade in the presence of cofactor recycling enzymes (i.e., NADH-oxidase and formate dehydrogenase) increased the reaction yields. In summary, this work provides the first examples of enzymes showing “alcohol aminase” activity.
Comparative account of catalytic activity of Ru- and Ni-based nanocomposites towards reductive amination of biomass derived molecules
Bhanage, Bhalchandra M.,Gokhale, Tejas A.,Raut, Amol B.
, (2021/06/18)
This work includes an effective comparison of metallic ruthenium and nickel nanoparticles loaded on montmorillonite clay (MMT) for reductive amination reaction of biomass-derived molecules. It comprises an eco-friendly reaction using water as a solvent, utilizing molecular hydrogen and liquor ammonia (25% aq. solution) for the synthesis of primary amines from bio-derived aldehydes within 3–10 h of reaction time. Various parameters such as temperature, hydrogen pressure, substrate/ammonia concentration ratio, and reaction time were optimized while comparing the selectivity of primary amines for both catalysts. The applicability scope of these catalysts was explored with a library of aryl and heterocyclic aldehydes. The reductive amination of crude furfural extracted from biomass feedstock (rice husk) and pure xylose sugar was tested, showing yields in the range of 11–36%, to show the wider industrial scope of both nanocomposites. Gram scale conversion was also carried out to showcase the bulk scalability of the Ru/MMT catalyst.
Simplified preparation of a graphene-co-shelled Ni/NiO@C nano-catalyst and its application in theN-dimethylation synthesis of amines under mild conditions
Liu, Jianguo,Ma, Longlong,Song, Yanpei,Zhang, Mingyue,Zhuang, Xiuzheng
supporting information, p. 4604 - 4617 (2021/06/30)
The development of Earth-abundant, reusable and non-toxic heterogeneous catalysts to be applied in the pharmaceutical industry for bio-active relevant compound synthesis remains an important goal of general chemical research.N-methylated compounds, as one of the most essential bioactive compounds, have been widely used in the fine and bulk chemical industries for the production of high-value chemicals. Herein, an environmentally friendly and simplified method for the preparation of graphene encapsulated Ni/NiO nanoalloy catalysts (Ni/NiO@C) was developed for the first time, for the highly selective synthesis ofN-methylated compounds using various functional amines and aldehydes under easy to handle, and industrially applicable conditions. A large number of primary and secondary amines (more than 70 examples) could be converted to the correspondingN,N-dimethylamines with the participation of different functional aldehydes, with an average yield of over 95%. A gram-scale synthesis also demonstrated a similar yield when compared with the benchmark test. In addition, it was further proved that the catalyst could easily be recycled because of its intrinsic magnetism and reused up to 10 times without losing its activity and selectivity. Also, for the first time, the tandem synthesis ofN,N-dimethylamine products in a one-pot process, using only a single earth-abundant metal catalyst, whose activity and selectivity were more than 99% and 94%, respectively, for all tested substrates, was developed. Overall, the advantages of this newly developed method include operational simplicity, high stability, easy recyclability, cost-effectiveness of the catalyst, and good functional group compatibility for the synthesis ofN-methylation products as well as the industrially applicable tandem synthesis process.
Self-regulated catalysis for the selective synthesis of primary amines from carbonyl compounds
Fan, Xiaomeng,Gao, Jin,Gao, Mingxia,Jia, Xiuquan,Ma, Jiping,Xu, Jie
supporting information, p. 7115 - 7121 (2021/09/28)
Most current processes for the general synthesis of primary amines by reductive amination are performed with enormously excessive amounts of hazardous ammonia. It remains unclear how catalysts should be designed to regulate amination reaction dynamics at a low ammonia-to-substrate ratio for the quantitative synthesis of primary amines from the corresponding carbonyl compounds. Herein we show a facile control of the reaction selectivity in the layered boron nitride supported ruthenium catalyzed reductive amination reaction. Specifically, locating ruthenium to the edge surface of layered boron nitride leads to an increased hydrogenation activity owing to the enhanced interfacial electronic effects between ruthenium and the edge surface of boron nitride. This enables self-accelerated reductive amination reactions which quantitatively synthesize structurally diverse primary amines by reductive amination of carbonyl compounds with twofold ammonia. This journal is
Facile synthesis of controllable graphene-co-shelled reusable Ni/NiO nanoparticles and their application in the synthesis of amines under mild conditions
Cui, Zhibing,Liu, Jianguo,Liu, Qiying,Ma, Longlong,Singh, Thishana,Wang, Chenguang,Wang, Nan,Zhu, Yuting
supporting information, p. 7387 - 7397 (2020/11/19)
The primary objective of many researchers in chemical synthesis is the development of recyclable and easily accessible catalysts. These catalysts should preferably be made from Earth-abundant metals and have the ability to be utilised in the synthesis of pharmaceutically important compounds. Amines are classified as privileged compounds, and are used extensively in the fine and bulk chemical industries, as well as in pharmaceutical and materials research. In many laboratories and in industry, transition metal catalysed reductive amination of carbonyl compounds is performed using predominantly ammonia and H2. However, these reactions usually require precious metal-based catalysts or RANEY nickel, and require harsh reaction conditions and yield low selectivity for the desired products. Herein, we describe a simple and environmentally friendly method for the preparation of thin graphene spheres that encapsulate uniform Ni/NiO nanoalloy catalysts (Ni/NiO?C) using nickel citrate as the precursor. The resulting catalysts are stable and reusable and were successfully used for the synthesis of primary, secondary, tertiary, and N-methylamines (more than 62 examples). The reaction couples easily accessible carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones) with ammonia, amines, and H2 under very mild industrially viable and scalable conditions (80 °C and 1 MPa H2 pressure, 4 h), offering cost-effective access to numerous functionalized, structurally diverse linear and branched benzylic, heterocyclic, and aliphatic amines including drugs and steroid derivatives. We have also demonstrated the scale-up of the heterogeneous amination protocol to gram-scale synthesis. Furthermore, the catalyst can be immobilized on a magnetic stirring bar and be conveniently recycled up to five times without any significant loss of catalytic activity and selectivity for the product.
