- Absorption of SO2 in Furoate Ionic Liquids/PEG200 Mixtures and Thermodynamic Analysis
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Carboxylate ionic liquid (IL) and polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG200) mixtures are suitable for the absorption of acidic SO2 because of their unique properties. In the present work, tetraethylammonium furoate ([N2222][FA]) and choline furoate ([Ch][FA]) were blended with PEG200 to form 40 wt % ILs/PEG200 mixtures as SO2 absorbents. The solubilities of SO2 in these two ILs/PEG200 mixtures were measured at T = (303.15, 313.15, 323.15, and 333.15) K and pressure up to 1.2 bar. [N2222][FA]/PEG200 demonstrated the high SO2 absorption capacity of 7.224 mol per kg absorbent at 303.15 K and 1.0 bar. The chemisorption mechanism of SO2 by mixture was studied by Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, and the influence of cations on the SO2 absorption capacity was analyzed. Furthermore, the reaction equilibrium thermodynamic model was used to correlate the experimental data, and Henry's law constant (H), reaction equilibrium constant (K0), and thermodynamic properties (δrGm0,δrHm0, and δrSm0) were derived. The absorption enthalpies of the two binary mixtures are -46.39 and -23.07 kJ·mol-1 for the two mixtures, respectively. Considering the low cost, biodegradability of the materials, high capacity, and low absorption enthalpy, the [N2222][FA]/PEG200 mixture was regarded to be an attractive and promising alternative to pure ILs and ordinary solvent as a desulfurizer.
- Jiang, Yaotai,Liu, Xiaobang,Deng, Dongshun
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- BIOACTIVE PHENOLATE IONIC COMPLEXES
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The invention provides an isolated material, or a phenolate form of at least one phenol- containing active material, wherein the isolated material comprises one or more phenolate species and a counter ion (a cation) in the form of a metal salt, a phosphonium or an ammonium.
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Page/Page column 44
(2021/10/30)
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- Synthesis and antibacterial activity of ionic liquids and organic salts based on penicillin g and amoxicillin hydrolysate derivatives against resistant bacteria
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The preparation and characterization of ionic liquids and organic salts (OSILs) that contain anionic penicillin G [secoPen] and amoxicillin [seco-Amx] hydrolysate derivatives and their in vitro antibacterial activity against sensitive and resistant Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus strains is reported. Eleven hydrolyzed β-lactam-OSILs were obtained after precipitation in moderate-to-high yields via the neutralization of the basic ammonia buffer of antibiotics with different cation hydroxide salts. The obtained minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) data of the prepared compounds showed a relative decrease of the inhibitory concentrations (RDIC) in the order of 100 in the case of [C2OHMIM][seco-Pen] against sensitive S. aureus ATCC25923 and, most strikingly, higher than 1000 with [C16Pyr][seco-Amx] against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ATCC 43300. These outstanding in vitro results showcase that a straightforward transformation of standard antibiotics into hydrolyzed organic salts can dramatically change the pharmaceutical activity of a drug, including giving rise to potent formulations of antibiotics against deadly bacteria strains.
- Branco, Luís C.,Dias, Ana Rita,Dias, Vitorino,Ferraz, Ricardo,Noronha, Jo?o Paulo,Petrovski, ?eljko,Pinheiro, Luís,Prudêncio, Cristina,Santos, Miguel M.,Silva, Dário
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- Ionic Liquids and Salts from Ibuprofen as Promising Innovative Formulations of an Old Drug
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Herein we report the synthesis of novel ionic liquids (ILs) and organic salts by combining ibuprofen as anion with ammonium, imidazolium, or pyridinium cations. The methodology consists of an acid–base reaction of neutral ibuprofen with cation hydroxides, which were previously prepared by anion exchange from the corresponding halide salts with Amberlyst A-26(OH). In comparison with the parent drug, these organic salts display higher solubility in water and biological fluids and a smaller degree of polymorphism, which in some cases was completely eliminated. With the exception of [C16Pyr][Ibu] and [N1,1,2,2OH1][Ibu], the prepared salts did not affect the viability of normal human dermal fibroblasts or ovarian carcinoma (A2780) cells. Therefore, these ibuprofen-based ionic liquids may be very promising lead candidates for the development of effective formulations of this drug.
- Santos, Miguel M.,Raposo, Luís R.,Carrera, Gon?alo V. S. M.,Costa, Alexandra,Dionísio, Madalena,Baptista, Pedro V.,Fernandes, Alexandra R.,Branco, Luís C.
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supporting information
p. 907 - 911
(2019/04/17)
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- Sustainable Carboxylation of Diamines with Hydrogen Carbonate
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A protocol for the carboxylation of diamines employing quaternary ammonium hydrogen carbonates as C1 source is presented. The approach is used to obtain industrially relevant bis-O-alkyl carbamates with diverse structural features in very high yield, even on gram scale. The quaternary ammonium salts, formally acting as "transporters" of the carboxylating agent, can be recovered after the reaction, and recycled with high efficiency. Regeneration of the hydrogen carbonates on ion-exchange resin grants excellent atom economy in the process.
- Forte, Gianpiero,Chiarotto, Isabella,Richter, Frank,Trieu, Vinh,Feroci, Marta
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supporting information
p. 1323 - 1327
(2018/09/21)
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- Quaternary ammonium salt type perrhenate ionic liquid and synthetic method and application thereof
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The invention discloses quaternary ammonium salt type perrhenate ionic liquid and a synthetic method and application thereof. The method comprises the steps that alkyl ammonium bromide and KOH are reacted to obtain quaternary ammonium base, the quaternary ammonium base and perrhenate (NH4ReO4) metal salt are subjected to a replacement reaction, and quaternary ammonium salt type perrhenate ionic liquid is obtained. The synthesized quaternary ammonium salt type perrhenate ionic liquid is a pollution-free catalyst, has catalysis activity for lignocellulose, can be used as the catalyst for degrading lignocellulose to prepare reducing sugar, and the high yield is obtained.
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Paragraph 0023
(2017/06/02)
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- Influence of alkyl chain length and temperature on thermophysical properties of ammonium-based ionic liquids with molecular solvent
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Mixing of ionic liquids (ILs) with molecular solvent can expand the range of structural properties and the scope of molecular interactions between the molecules of the solvents. Exploiting of these phenomena essentially require a basic fundamental understanding of mixing behavior of ILs with molecular solvents. In this context, a series of protic ILs possessing tetra-alkyl ammonium cation [R4N]+ with commonly used anion hydroxide [OH]- were synthesized and characterized by temperature dependent thermophysical properties. The ILs [R4N]+[OH]- are varying only in the length of alkyl chain (R is methyl, ethyl, propyl, or butyl) of tetra-alkyl ammonium on the cationic part. The ILs used for the present study included tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide [(CH3) 4N]+[OH]- (TMAH), tetraethyl ammonium hydroxide [(C2H5)4N]+[OH]- (TEAH), tetrapropyl ammonium hydroxide [(C3H7)4N] +[OH]- (TPAH) and tetrabutyl ammonium hydroxide [(C 4H9)4N]+[OH]- (TBAH). The alkyl chain length effect has been analyzed by precise measurements such as densities (ρ), ultrasonic sound velocity (u), and viscosity (η) of these ILs with polar solvent, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), over the full composition range as a function of temperature. The excess molar volume (VE), the deviation in isentropic compressibility (Δκs) and deviation in viscosity (Δη) were predicted using these properties as a function of the concentration of ILs. Redlich-Kister polynomial was used to correlate the results. A qualitative analysis of the results is discussed in terms of the ion-dipole, ion-pair interactions, and hydrogen bonding between ILs and NMP molecules. Later, the hydrogen bonding features between ILs and NMP were also analyzed using a molecular modeling program with the help of HyperChem 7.
- Kavitha,Attri, Pankaj,Venkatesu, Pannuru,Devi, R. S. Rama,Hofman
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experimental part
p. 4561 - 4574
(2012/07/02)
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- Temperature effect on the molecular interactions between ammonium ionic liquids and N, N-dimethylformamide
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In view of the wide scope of molecular interactions between the highly polar compound of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and ammonium ionic liquids (ILs), we have measured thermophysical properties such as densities (??) and ultrasonic sound velocities (u) over the whole composition range at temperatures ranging from 25 to 50 ?°C under atmospheric pressure. To gain some insight into the several aggregations of molecular interactions present in these mixed solvents, we predicted the excess molar volume (VE) and the deviations in isentropic compressibilities (??Ks) as a function of the concentration of IL. These results are fitted to the Redlich-Kister polynomials. The materials investigated in the present study included the hydroxide series of ammonium ILs of tetramethylammonium hydroxide [(CH 3)4N][OH] (TMAH), tetraethylammonium hydroxide [(C 2H5)4N][OH] (TEAH), and tetrapropylammonium hydroxide [(C2H7)4N][OH] (TPAH). The intermolecular interactions and structural effects were analyzed on the basis of the measured and the derived properties. A qualitative analysis of the results is discussed in terms of the ion-dipole and ion-pair interactions, and hydrogen bonding between ILs and DMF molecules and their structural factors. ? 2010 American Chemical Society.
- Attri, Pankaj,Venkatesu, Pannuru,Kumar, Anil
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experimental part
p. 13415 - 13425
(2011/02/18)
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- Synthesis and use of AEI structure-type molecular sieves
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A method is disclosed of synthesizing an aluminophosphate or metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieve comprising an AEI structure type material, in which the rate of heating to the crystallization temperature is controlled, either alone or in combination with the H2O:Al2O3 molar ratio of the synthesis mixture, so as to enhance the yield of the desired molecular sieve product.
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- Process for preparing 4-aminodiphenylamine
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The present invention discloses a process for preparing 4-aminodiphenylamine, which process uses nitrobenzene and aniline as raw materials, a complex base catalyst as condensation catalyst and a powdery composite catalyst as hydrogenation catalyst, and comprises five process stages: condensation; separation I; hydrogenation; separation II; and refining. The process can be continuously carried out. By selecting a complex base catalyst to catalyze the condensation reaction and separating it prior to the hydrogenation, the problem that the complex base catalysts thermally decompose in the hydrogenation reaction is avoided, the selectable range of hydrogenation catalysts is largely enlarged so that it is possible to select cheaper hydrogenation catalyst, and the selection of production process and equipment is easier and further industrialization is easier. The complex base catalysts used in the present invention are inexpensive and have higher catalytic activity. The process can be carried out at mild conditions and can adapt to broad range of water content, by-product is less and conversion and selectivity are higher. The operational strength is low, no corrosive liquid is produced, and environment pollution is reduced. The purity of 4-aminodiphenylamine prepared can exceed 99 wt.-%, and the yield in the industrial production process can be over 95%.
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Page/Page column 11
(2008/06/13)
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- Process for producing a high purity quaternary ammonium hydroxide
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A process for production of high purity quaternary ammonium hydroxides, comprising electrolyzing quaternary ammonium hydrogencarbonates represented by the general formula: (wherein the symbols are as defined in the appended claims) in an electrolytic cell comprising an anode compartment and a cathode compartment defined by a cation exchange membrane. In accordance with this process, high purity quaternary ammonium hydroxides can be produced with high electrolytic efficiency and further without causing corrosion of equip-ment. Since the quaternary ammonium hydroxides produced by the present invention are of high purity, they can be effectively used as, for example, cleaners, etchants or developers for wafers in the production of IC and LSI in the field of electronics and semiconductors.
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- Complexes of macrocyclic compounds
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Novel macrocyclic (monocyclic and bicyclic) compounds having nitrogen bridgehead atoms and having in the hydrocarbon bridging chains at least two additional hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen, when admixed with a compatible cation-donor compound form stable cation-containing macrocyclic complexes which, in turn, can be conveniently dissociated by addition of acid or a quaternizing agent. The novel macrocyclics are valuable for use in the same way and for the same purposes as chelating agents.
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- Monocyclic macrocyclic compounds and complexes thereof
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Novel monocyclic macrocyclic compounds having nitrogen bridgehead atoms and having in the hydrocarbon bridging chains at least two additional hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen, when admixed with a compatible cation-donor compound form stable cation-containing macrocyclic complexes which, in turn, can be conveniently dissociated by addition of acid or a quaternizing agent. The novel macrocyclics are valuable for use in the same way and for the same purposes as chelating agents.
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