Xi:Irritant;
141-32-2Relevant articles and documents
Kinetics of the synthesis of propyl and butyl acrylates in the presence of some heteropolyacids as catalysts
Skrzypek, Ierzy,Witczak, Teresa,Grzesik, MirosLaw,Witczak, Mariusz
, p. 12 - 17 (2009)
Esterification reactions of acrylic acid with n-propanol and n-butanol were carried out in the liquid phase in the presence of H3PW 12O40 or H3PMo12O40 as a catalyst, at various temperatures, molar ratios of the reactants, and concentrations of the catalyst. The kinetic equations had a nonelementary form.
Silica-Supported zirconium complexes and their polyoligosilsesquioxane analogues in the transesterification of acrylates: Part 2. activity, recycling and regeneration
Salinier, Valerie,Niccolai, Geraldp,Dufaud, Veronique,Basset, Jean-Marie
, p. 2168 - 2177 (2009)
The catalytic activity of both supported and soluble molecular zirconium complexes was studied in the transesterification reaction of ethyl acrylate by butanol. Two series of catalysts were employed: three well defined silica-supported acetylacetonate and n-butoxy zirconium(IV) complexes linked to the surface by one or three siloxane bonds, (=SiO)Zr(acac)3 (1) (=3iO)3Zr(acac) (2) and (=SiO)3Zr(0-n-Bu) (3), and their soluble polyoligosilsesquioxy analogues (c-C5H9) 7Si8O12(CH3)2Zr(acac) 3 (I'), (c-C5Hc,)7Si7O 12Zr(acac) (Z'), and (cC5Hg)7Si 7O12Zr(O-W-Bu) (3'). The reactivity of these complexes were compared to relevant molecular catalysts [zirconium tetraacetylacetonate, Zr(acac)4 and zirconium tetra-n-butoxide, Zr(O-n-Bu)4]. Strong activity relationships between the silica-supported complexes and their polyoligosilsesquioxane analogues were established. Acetylacetonate complexes were found to be far superior to alkoxide complexes. The monopodal complexes 1 and V were found to be the most active in their respective series. Studies on the recycling of the heterogeneous catalysts showed sig-nificant degradation of activity for the acetylacetonate complexes (1 and 2) but not for the less active tripodal alkoxide catalyst, 3. Two factors are thought to contribute to the deactivation of catalyst: the lixivation of zirconium by cleavage of surface siloxide bonds and exchange reactions between acetylacetonate ligands and alcohols in the substrate/product solution. It was shown that the addition of acetylacetone to the low activity catalyst Zr(O-M-Bu)4produced a system that was as active as Zr(acac)4. The applicability of ligand addition to heterogeneous systems was then studied. The addition of acetylacetone to the low activity solid catalyst 3 produced a highly active catalyst and the addition of a stoichiometric quantity of acetylacetone at each successive batch catalytic run greatly reduced catalyst deactivation for the highly active catalyst 1.
SYNTHESIS OF ACRYLIC ESTERS BY LIPASE
Ikeda, Isao,Tanaka, Jun,Suzuki, Kimihiro
, p. 6865 - 6866 (1991)
Various acrylic esters were synthesized by the transesterification of vinyl acrylate with various alcohols.The yield of acrylic esters was about 40 and 66percent with n-hexyl and β-phenethyl alcohol, respectively.
Palladium-catalyzed remote C-H functionalization of 2-aminopyrimidines
Das, Animesh,Jana, Akash,Maji, Biplab
supporting information, p. 4284 - 4287 (2020/04/27)
A straightforward strategy was developed for the arylation and olefination at the C5-position of the N-(alkyl)pyrimidin-2-amine core with readily available aryl halides and alkenes, respectively. This approach was highly regioselective, and the transformation was achieved based on two different (Pd(ii)/Pd(iv)) and (Pd(0)/Pd(ii)) catalytic cycles.
Second-Generation meta-Phenolsulfonic Acid-Formaldehyde Resin as a Catalyst for Continuous-Flow Esterification
Hu, Hao,Ota, Hajime,Baek, Heeyoel,Shinohara, Kenta,Mase, Toshiaki,Uozumi, Yasuhiro,Yamada, Yoichi M. A.
supporting information, p. 160 - 163 (2020/01/02)
A second-generation m-phenolsulfonic acid-formaldehyde resin (PAFR II) catalyst was prepared by condensation polymerization of sodium m-phenolsulfonate and paraformaldehyde in an aqueous H2SO4 solution. This reusable, robust acid resin catalyst was improved in both catalytic activity and stability, maintaining the characteristics of the previous generation catalyst (p-phenolsulfonic acid-formaldehyde resin). PAFR II was applied in the batchwise and continuous-flow direct esterification without water removal and provided higher product yields in continuous-flow esterification than any other commercial ion-exchanged acid catalyst tested.
