Xi:Irritant;
141-32-2Relevant articles and documents
Kinetics of the synthesis of propyl and butyl acrylates in the presence of some heteropolyacids as catalysts
Skrzypek, Ierzy,Witczak, Teresa,Grzesik, MirosLaw,Witczak, Mariusz
, p. 12 - 17 (2009)
Esterification reactions of acrylic acid with n-propanol and n-butanol were carried out in the liquid phase in the presence of H3PW 12O40 or H3PMo12O40 as a catalyst, at various temperatures, molar ratios of the reactants, and concentrations of the catalyst. The kinetic equations had a nonelementary form.
Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Allylic Ethers, Dihydropyran and Phenol Using a Polypyridyl Complex of Ruthenium(IV)
Campos, Jose Luiz,Giovani, Wagner F. De,Romero, Jose Ricardo
, p. 597 - 599 (1990)
An electrocatalytic procedure is described for the oxidation of allyl butyl ether, (E/Z)-2-butenyl butyl ether, dihydropyran and phenol using the ruthenium(IV) oxidant 2+.The resulting products were respectively, butyl acrylate (42percent), butyl (E/Z)-2-butenoate (53percent), 2,3-dihydro-4-pyranone (40percent) and o-benzoquinone (71percent).
Silica-Supported zirconium complexes and their polyoligosilsesquioxane analogues in the transesterification of acrylates: Part 2. activity, recycling and regeneration
Salinier, Valerie,Niccolai, Geraldp,Dufaud, Veronique,Basset, Jean-Marie
, p. 2168 - 2177 (2009)
The catalytic activity of both supported and soluble molecular zirconium complexes was studied in the transesterification reaction of ethyl acrylate by butanol. Two series of catalysts were employed: three well defined silica-supported acetylacetonate and n-butoxy zirconium(IV) complexes linked to the surface by one or three siloxane bonds, (=SiO)Zr(acac)3 (1) (=3iO)3Zr(acac) (2) and (=SiO)3Zr(0-n-Bu) (3), and their soluble polyoligosilsesquioxy analogues (c-C5H9) 7Si8O12(CH3)2Zr(acac) 3 (I'), (c-C5Hc,)7Si7O 12Zr(acac) (Z'), and (cC5Hg)7Si 7O12Zr(O-W-Bu) (3'). The reactivity of these complexes were compared to relevant molecular catalysts [zirconium tetraacetylacetonate, Zr(acac)4 and zirconium tetra-n-butoxide, Zr(O-n-Bu)4]. Strong activity relationships between the silica-supported complexes and their polyoligosilsesquioxane analogues were established. Acetylacetonate complexes were found to be far superior to alkoxide complexes. The monopodal complexes 1 and V were found to be the most active in their respective series. Studies on the recycling of the heterogeneous catalysts showed sig-nificant degradation of activity for the acetylacetonate complexes (1 and 2) but not for the less active tripodal alkoxide catalyst, 3. Two factors are thought to contribute to the deactivation of catalyst: the lixivation of zirconium by cleavage of surface siloxide bonds and exchange reactions between acetylacetonate ligands and alcohols in the substrate/product solution. It was shown that the addition of acetylacetone to the low activity catalyst Zr(O-M-Bu)4produced a system that was as active as Zr(acac)4. The applicability of ligand addition to heterogeneous systems was then studied. The addition of acetylacetone to the low activity solid catalyst 3 produced a highly active catalyst and the addition of a stoichiometric quantity of acetylacetone at each successive batch catalytic run greatly reduced catalyst deactivation for the highly active catalyst 1.
Acrylate Esters by Ethenolysis of Maleate Esters with Ru Metathesis Catalysts: an HTE and a Technoeconomic Study
Copéret, Christophe,De Jesus Silva, Jordan,Engl, Pascal S.,Fedorov, Alexey,Lange, Jean-Paul,Togni, Antonio,Tsygankov, Alexey
, (2020)
A high throughput experimentation (HTE) study identified active Ru metathesis catalysts and reaction conditions for the ethenolysis of maleate esters to the respective acrylate esters. Catalysts were tested at various loadings (75–10’000 ppm) and temperatures (30–60 °C) with maleate esters dissolved in toluene (up to ca. 44 wt-%) or neat and at variable partial pressures of ethylene (0.2–10 bar). Ruthenium catalysts containing a PCy3 ligand, such as 1st or 2nd generation Grubbs catalysts, as well as the state-of-the-art catalysts containing cyclic alkyl amino carbene (CAAC) ligands, are generally inferior to Hoveyda–Grubbs 2nd generation catalyst in ethenolysis of maleates. Productive turnover numbers could exceed 1900 if the ethenolysis reaction is performed at low ethylene pressure (0.2–3 bar) and reach 5200 when a polymeric phenol additive was used. Such catalytic performance falls well within the window practiced in industry. Moreover, a crude technoeconomic analysis finds similar production cost for the ethenolysis route and conventional technology, that is, propene oxidation followed by esterification, justifying research to further improve the ethenolysis route.
SYNTHESIS OF ACRYLIC ESTERS BY LIPASE
Ikeda, Isao,Tanaka, Jun,Suzuki, Kimihiro
, p. 6865 - 6866 (1991)
Various acrylic esters were synthesized by the transesterification of vinyl acrylate with various alcohols.The yield of acrylic esters was about 40 and 66percent with n-hexyl and β-phenethyl alcohol, respectively.
Acid- And base-switched palladium-catalyzed γ-C(sp3)-H alkylation and alkenylation of neopentylamine
Zhang, Jinquan,Zhang, Shuaizhong,Zou, Hongbin
supporting information, p. 3466 - 3471 (2021/05/31)
The functionalization of remote unactivated C(sp3)-H and the reaction selectivity are among the core pursuits for transition-metal catalytic system development. Herein, we report Pd-catalyzed γ-C(sp3)-H-selective alkylation and alkenylation with removable 7-azaindole as a directing group. Acid and base were found to be the decisive regulators for the selective alkylation and alkenylation, respectively, on the same single substrate under otherwise the same reaction conditions. Various acrylates were compatible for the formation of C(sp3)-C(sp3) and C(sp3)-C(sp2) bonds. The alkenylation protocol could be further extended to acrylates with natural product units and α,β-unsaturated ketones. The preliminary synthetic manipulation of the alkylation and alkenylation products demonstrates the potential of this strategy for structurally diverse aliphatic chain extension and functionalization. Mechanistic experimental studies showed that the acidic and basic catalytic transformations shared the same six-membered dimer palladacycle.
Palladium-catalyzed remote C-H functionalization of 2-aminopyrimidines
Das, Animesh,Jana, Akash,Maji, Biplab
supporting information, p. 4284 - 4287 (2020/04/27)
A straightforward strategy was developed for the arylation and olefination at the C5-position of the N-(alkyl)pyrimidin-2-amine core with readily available aryl halides and alkenes, respectively. This approach was highly regioselective, and the transformation was achieved based on two different (Pd(ii)/Pd(iv)) and (Pd(0)/Pd(ii)) catalytic cycles.
Synthesis of Some Aromatic and Aliphatic Esters Using WO3/ZrO2 Solid Acid Catalyst under Solvent Free Conditions
Guguloth, Vijaya Charan,Battu, Satyanarayana
, p. 2153 - 2157 (2020/09/16)
A simple method is delineated for the synthesis of substituted ester products in superior yields by esterification reaction under solvent unbound condition using tungsten upgraded ZrO2 solid acid catalyst at 353 K. The WO3/ZrO2 catalyst has been prepared by using impregnation method followed by calcination at 923 K over a period of 6 h in air atmosphere. SEM, XRD, FTIR, and BET surface area techniques were used to categorize this catalyst. Zirconia has both acidic and basic possessions which can be changed by incorporating suitable promoter atom like tungsten which in turn increases the surface area thereby enhancing the surface acidity. Impregnation of W6+ ions exhibits a strong influence on phase modification of zirconia from thermodynamically solid monoclinic to metastable tetragonal phase. Amalgamation of promoter W6+ will stabilize tetragonal phase which is active in catalyzing reactions. In esterification reaction WO3/ZrO2 catalyst was found to be stable, efficient and environmental friendly, effortlessly recovered by filtration, excellent yield of product and can be reusable efficiently.
Second-Generation meta-Phenolsulfonic Acid-Formaldehyde Resin as a Catalyst for Continuous-Flow Esterification
Hu, Hao,Ota, Hajime,Baek, Heeyoel,Shinohara, Kenta,Mase, Toshiaki,Uozumi, Yasuhiro,Yamada, Yoichi M. A.
supporting information, p. 160 - 163 (2020/01/02)
A second-generation m-phenolsulfonic acid-formaldehyde resin (PAFR II) catalyst was prepared by condensation polymerization of sodium m-phenolsulfonate and paraformaldehyde in an aqueous H2SO4 solution. This reusable, robust acid resin catalyst was improved in both catalytic activity and stability, maintaining the characteristics of the previous generation catalyst (p-phenolsulfonic acid-formaldehyde resin). PAFR II was applied in the batchwise and continuous-flow direct esterification without water removal and provided higher product yields in continuous-flow esterification than any other commercial ion-exchanged acid catalyst tested.
Safe production process of butyl acrylate
-
Paragraph 0027-0046, (2020/07/15)
The invention relates to a safe production process of butyl acrylate, belonging to the technical field of organic synthesis. According to the invention, acrylic acid is used as an initial raw material; acrylate is prepared firstly; and then the acrylate reacts with bromobutane to synthesize the butyl acrylate. The safe production process has the following beneficial effects: (1) the use of acidicsubstances is avoided, and the corrosion of the acidic substances to pipelines is prevented; (2) reaction temperature is reduced; and (3) rectification separation effect is better, and the separated bromobutane can be repeatedly utilized.
