28785-06-0Relevant articles and documents
Bioremediation of Explosive TNT by Trichoderma viride
Al-Otaibi, Mohammed S.,Alothman, Zeid A.,Bahkali, Ali H.,Elgorban, Abdallah M.,Gabr, Sami A.,Ghfar, Ayman A.,Habila, Mohamed A.,Hadj Ahmed, Ahmed Yacine Badjah,Wabaidur, Saikh M.
, (2020)
Nitroaromatic and nitroamine compounds such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) are teratogenic, cytotoxic, and may cause cellular mutations in humans, animals, plants, and microorganisms. Microbial-based bioremediation technologies have been shown to offer several advantages against the cellular toxicity of nitro-organic compounds. Thus, the current study was designed to evaluate the ability of Trichoderma viride to degrade nitrogenous explosives, such as TNT, by microbiological assay and Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. In this study, T. viride fungus was shown to have the ability to decompose, and TNT explosives were used at doses of 50 and 100 ppm on the respective growth media as a nitrogenous source needed for normal growth. The GC/MS analysis confirmed the biodegradable efficiency of TNT, whereas the initial retention peak of the TNT compounds disappeared, and another two peaks appeared at the retention times of 9.31 and 13.14 min. Mass spectrum analysis identified 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furancarboxaldehyde with the molecular formula C6H6O3 and a molecular weight of 126 g·mol?1 as the major compound, and 4-propyl benzaldehyde with a formula of C10H12O and a molecular weight of 148 g mol?1 as the minor compound, both resulting from the biodegradation of TNT by T. viride. In conclusion, T. viride could be used in microbial-based bioremediation technologies as a biological agent to eradicate the toxicity of the TNT explosive. In addition, future molecular-based studies should be conducted to clearly identify the enzymes and the corresponding genes that give T. viride the ability to degrade and remediate TNT explosives. This could help in the eradication of soils contaminated with explosives or other toxic biohazards.
Preparation and application of novel Swern reagent
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Paragraph 0062; 0063; 0064; 0065; 0087; 0089, (2016/12/01)
The invention discloses 4-(2-(2-methyl sulfoxide)ethyl)-4-nitrobenzene)morpholine shown in the formula (I) and preparation and application thereof. A preparation method includes the steps that 2-(2-chlorine-5 nitro)phenethyl alcohol shown in the formula (II) and morpholine are mixed to prepare 2-(2-morpholine-5-nitrobenzene)ethanol shown in the formula (III); bis(trichloromethyl)carbonate ester, a sodium methyl mercaptide aqueous solution and an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution are sequentially added dropwise to 2-(2-morpholine-5-nitrobenzene)ethanol shown in the formula (III), and finally 4-(2-methyl sulfoxide)ethyl)-4-nitrobenzene)morpholine is prepared. According to the application of 4-(2-methyl sulfoxide)ethyl)-4-nitrobenzene)morpholine, the obtained Swern reagent reacts with an alcohol compound shown in the formula (IV), and aldehyde or ketone is prepared after after-treatment. The defects of an existing Swern oxidation method are overcome, generation of a stink byproduct dimethyl sulfide and toxic carbon monoxide is avoided from the source, the reaction temperature is increased to be -30 DEG C to 0 DEG C, and an odorless byproduct novel sulfur ether can be recycled and reused. The formulas are shown in the description.
Palladium(0)-catalyzed cross-coupling of 1,1-diboronates with vinyl bromides and 1,1-dibromoalkenes
Li, Huan,Zhang, Zhikun,Shangguan, Xianghang,Huang, Shan,Chen, Jun,Zhang, Yan,Wang, Jianbo
supporting information, p. 11921 - 11925 (2015/01/09)
Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of 1,1-diboronates with vinyl bromides and dibromoalkenes were found to afford 1,4-dienes and allenes, respectively. These reactions utilize the high reactivities of both 1,1-diboronates and allylboron intermediates generated in the initial coupling.
