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2-Thiophenamine, also known as 2-Aminothiophene, is a chemical compound characterized by the molecular formula C4H5NS. It presents as a colorless to light yellow liquid with a distinctively strong and unpleasant odor. 2-Thiophenamine is recognized for its utility as a building block in the synthesis of a variety of products, including pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and dyes, and also serves as a stabilizer and antioxidant in the rubber and plastic industries.

616-46-6

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616-46-6 Usage

Uses

Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
2-Thiophenamine is used as a building block for the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals due to its chemical properties that facilitate the creation of a range of medicinal compounds.
Used in Agrochemical Industry:
In the agrochemical sector, 2-Thiophenamine is utilized as a precursor in the production of agrochemicals, contributing to the development of substances that aid in crop protection and enhancement of agricultural yields.
Used in Dye Industry:
2-Thiophenamine is also employed in the dye industry, where it serves as a fundamental component in the formulation of different types of dyes, adding to the color spectrum used in various applications.
Used in Rubber and Plastic Industry:
2-Thiophenamine is used as a stabilizer and antioxidant in the rubber and plastic industry, playing a crucial role in enhancing the durability and performance of these materials.
Used as an Intermediate in Chemical Production:
Furthermore, 2-Thiophenamine has demonstrated its worth as an intermediate in the production of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, underscoring its importance in the broader chemical industry.
It is crucial to handle 2-Thiophenamine with care, given its potential hazards if ingested, inhaled, or comes into contact with the skin or eyes, emphasizing the need for proper safety measures during its use and manipulation.

Check Digit Verification of cas no

The CAS Registry Mumber 616-46-6 includes 6 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 3 digits, 6,1 and 6 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 4 and 6 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 616-46:
(5*6)+(4*1)+(3*6)+(2*4)+(1*6)=66
66 % 10 = 6
So 616-46-6 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C4H5NS/c5-4-2-1-3-6-4/h1-3H,5H2

616-46-6SDS

SAFETY DATA SHEETS

According to Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) - Sixth revised edition

Version: 1.0

Creation Date: Aug 13, 2017

Revision Date: Aug 13, 2017

1.Identification

1.1 GHS Product identifier

Product name Thiophen-2-amine

1.2 Other means of identification

Product number -
Other names thiophen-2-amine

1.3 Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use

Identified uses For industry use only.
Uses advised against no data available

1.4 Supplier's details

1.5 Emergency phone number

Emergency phone number -
Service hours Monday to Friday, 9am-5pm (Standard time zone: UTC/GMT +8 hours).

More Details:616-46-6 SDS

616-46-6Synthetic route

2-Iodothiophene
3437-95-4

2-Iodothiophene

thiophen-2-ylamine
616-46-6

thiophen-2-ylamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With copper(l) iodide; ascorbic acid In ammonia at 25℃; for 18h; liquid NH3;99%
With copper(l) iodide; ammonia; potassium carbonate; L-proline In water; dimethyl sulfoxide at 25℃; for 12h; Inert atmosphere;50%
With copper(l) iodide; ammonia; sodium phosphate In water at 100℃; for 15h;50%
With copper(l) iodide; ammonia; potassium carbonate; L-proline In water; dimethyl sulfoxide at 60℃; for 12h; Inert atmosphere;20%
tert-butyl (2-thienyl)carbamate
56267-50-6

tert-butyl (2-thienyl)carbamate

thiophen-2-ylamine
616-46-6

thiophen-2-ylamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogenchloride In 1,4-dioxane at 50℃; for 2h;96%
With hydrogenchloride In 1,4-dioxane at 50℃; for 2h;96%
With hydrogenchloride In diethyl ether at 20℃; for 0.5h;
2-nitrothiophene
609-40-5

2-nitrothiophene

thiophen-2-ylamine
616-46-6

thiophen-2-ylamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With triethylamine In water at 80℃; for 4h; Inert atmosphere; Green chemistry; chemoselective reaction;91%
With sodium tetrahydroborate; copper In water at 80℃; for 0.133333h; Green chemistry;90%
With potassium fluoride; polymethylhydrosiloxane; palladium diacetate In tetrahydrofuran; water at 20℃; for 0.5h;
2-bromothiophene
1003-09-4

2-bromothiophene

thiophen-2-ylamine
616-46-6

thiophen-2-ylamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With C24H32N2*ClCu; ammonia; potassium carbonate In 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one; methanol at 90℃; under 5171.62 Torr; for 24h; Inert atmosphere;88%
4-(2-tetrahydropyranoxy)-2-butyl-nitrile

4-(2-tetrahydropyranoxy)-2-butyl-nitrile

Methyl thioglycolate
2365-48-2

Methyl thioglycolate

thiophen-2-ylamine
616-46-6

thiophen-2-ylamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium In methanol48%
2-thiophenylcarboxylic acid
527-72-0

2-thiophenylcarboxylic acid

thiophen-2-ylamine
616-46-6

thiophen-2-ylamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With polystyrene Wang resin; diphenylphosphoranyl azide; triethylamine; trifluoroacetic acid 1.) toluene, 100 deg C, 16 h, 2.) CH2Cl2, 5 min; Yield given; Multistep reaction;
hydrogenchloride
7647-01-0

hydrogenchloride

2-nitrothiophene
609-40-5

2-nitrothiophene

tin

tin

thiophen-2-ylamine
616-46-6

thiophen-2-ylamine

1,3-dimethyl-2-(2-thienylimino)imidazolidine
592489-23-1

1,3-dimethyl-2-(2-thienylimino)imidazolidine

A

thiophene-2-methylamine
111859-85-9

thiophene-2-methylamine

B

thiophen-2-ylamine
616-46-6

thiophen-2-ylamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With lithium aluminium tetrahydride In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 12h;
2-nitrothiophene
609-40-5

2-nitrothiophene

thiophen-2-ylamine
616-46-6

thiophen-2-ylamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In acetic acid
glyoxylonitrile
4471-47-0

glyoxylonitrile

cyclopentanone
120-92-3

cyclopentanone

thiophen-2-ylamine
616-46-6

thiophen-2-ylamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen sulfide; triethylamine In methanol; ethanol
cyanoacetic acid
372-09-8

cyanoacetic acid

thiophen-2-ylamine
616-46-6

thiophen-2-ylamine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen sulfide In diethylamine
thiophen-2-ylamine
616-46-6

thiophen-2-ylamine

benzoyl chloride
98-88-4

benzoyl chloride

N-(thiophen-2-yl)benzamide
136-34-5

N-(thiophen-2-yl)benzamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
for 0.0166667h; microwave irradiation;91%
thiophen-2-ylamine
616-46-6

thiophen-2-ylamine

1,3,5-benzene tris(carbonyl chloride)
4422-95-1

1,3,5-benzene tris(carbonyl chloride)

N1,N3,N5-trithienyltrimesamide

N1,N3,N5-trithienyltrimesamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In dichloromethane at 30℃; for 0.5h; Sonication;91%
thiophen-2-ylamine
616-46-6

thiophen-2-ylamine

ethyl 3-(2,6-dichloro-5-fluoropyridin-3-yl)-3-oxopropanoate
96568-04-6

ethyl 3-(2,6-dichloro-5-fluoropyridin-3-yl)-3-oxopropanoate

orthoformic acid triethyl ester
122-51-0

orthoformic acid triethyl ester

(Z)-2-(2,6-Dichloro-5-fluoro-pyridine-3-carbonyl)-3-(thiophen-2-ylamino)-acrylic acid ethyl ester
108118-76-9

(Z)-2-(2,6-Dichloro-5-fluoro-pyridine-3-carbonyl)-3-(thiophen-2-ylamino)-acrylic acid ethyl ester

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: ethyl 3-(2,6-dichloro-5-fluoropyridin-3-yl)-3-oxopropanoate; orthoformic acid triethyl ester With acetic anhydride at 140℃; for 1h;
Stage #2: thiophen-2-ylamine In ethanol at 20℃; Further stages.;
90%
thiophen-2-ylamine
616-46-6

thiophen-2-ylamine

2,4-dichloro-1,3-dimethyl-1,3,2,4-diazadiphosphetidine-2,4-dioxide
5944-59-2

2,4-dichloro-1,3-dimethyl-1,3,2,4-diazadiphosphetidine-2,4-dioxide

C10H14N4O2P2S2

C10H14N4O2P2S2

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In acetonitrile Reflux;90%
thiophen-2-ylamine
616-46-6

thiophen-2-ylamine

acetic acid
64-19-7

acetic acid

2-acetylaminothiophene
13053-81-1

2-acetylaminothiophene

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With 1-methyl-3-(4-sulfonylbutyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium trifluoromethanesulfonate at 96 - 100℃; for 5h; Temperature; chemoselective reaction;90%
thiophen-2-ylamine
616-46-6

thiophen-2-ylamine

ethyl (ethoxymethylene)cyanoacetate
94-05-3

ethyl (ethoxymethylene)cyanoacetate

ethyl α-cyano-β-(N-2-thienylammonium)acrylate
65075-97-0

ethyl α-cyano-β-(N-2-thienylammonium)acrylate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
88%
thiophen-2-ylamine
616-46-6

thiophen-2-ylamine

carbon monoxide
201230-82-2

carbon monoxide

p-aminoethylbenzoate
94-09-7

p-aminoethylbenzoate

C14H14N2O3S

C14H14N2O3S

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With 1,4-diaza-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane; methyl-triphenylphosphonium iodide; palladium diacetate at 50℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 24h;87%
thiophen-2-ylamine
616-46-6

thiophen-2-ylamine

benzoic acid hydrazide
613-94-5

benzoic acid hydrazide

N-(thiophen-2-yl)benzamide
136-34-5

N-(thiophen-2-yl)benzamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With tert.-butylhydroperoxide; iron(III) chloride In 1,2-dichloro-ethane at 70℃;85%
thiophen-2-ylamine
616-46-6

thiophen-2-ylamine

3-phenyl-propenal
104-55-2

3-phenyl-propenal

6-phenyl-thieno[2,3-b]pyridine
100037-80-7

6-phenyl-thieno[2,3-b]pyridine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In water; acetic acid for 0.05 - 0.0583333h; Microwave irradiation;82%
thiophen-2-ylamine
616-46-6

thiophen-2-ylamine

2-acetoxy-2-(4-nitrophenyl)acetic acid
29898-08-6

2-acetoxy-2-(4-nitrophenyl)acetic acid

acetic acid (4-nitro-phenyl)-(thiophen-2-ylcarbamoyl)-methyl ester

acetic acid (4-nitro-phenyl)-(thiophen-2-ylcarbamoyl)-methyl ester

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide In tetrahydrofuran; acetonitrile Acylation;81%
thiophen-2-ylamine
616-46-6

thiophen-2-ylamine

methyl chloroformate
79-22-1

methyl chloroformate

methyl N-(2-thiophene)carbamate
698-78-2

methyl N-(2-thiophene)carbamate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With indium In acetonitrile at 20℃; for 10h; Inert atmosphere;81%
thiophen-2-ylamine
616-46-6

thiophen-2-ylamine

ortho-carborane diformaldehyde

ortho-carborane diformaldehyde

iron(II) chloride

iron(II) chloride

C12H18B10Cl2FeN2S2

C12H18B10Cl2FeN2S2

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: thiophen-2-ylamine; ortho-carborane diformaldehyde at 90℃; for 12h;
Stage #2: iron(II) chloride at 20℃; for 5h;
81%
thiophen-2-ylamine
616-46-6

thiophen-2-ylamine

4-methoxycinnamaldehyde
1963-36-6

4-methoxycinnamaldehyde

6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-thieno[2,3-b]pyridine
1228167-47-2

6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-thieno[2,3-b]pyridine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In water; acetic acid for 0.0333333 - 0.0416667h; Microwave irradiation;80%
thiophen-2-ylamine
616-46-6

thiophen-2-ylamine

N-formylbenzotriazole
72773-04-7

N-formylbenzotriazole

N-(thiophen-2-yl)formamide
50624-49-2

N-(thiophen-2-yl)formamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In tetrahydrofuran at 67℃; for 5h;78%
thiophen-2-ylamine
616-46-6

thiophen-2-ylamine

4-chlorocinnamaldehyde
1075-77-0

4-chlorocinnamaldehyde

6-(4-chlorophenyl)thieno<2,3-b>pyridine
109216-78-6

6-(4-chlorophenyl)thieno<2,3-b>pyridine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In water; acetic acid for 0.0416667 - 0.05h; Microwave irradiation;78%
thiophen-2-ylamine
616-46-6

thiophen-2-ylamine

propionaldehyde
123-38-6

propionaldehyde

4-ethyl-5-methyl-thieno[2,3-b]pyridine
1228167-50-7

4-ethyl-5-methyl-thieno[2,3-b]pyridine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With triethylamine In ethanol; water for 0.0416667 - 0.05h; Microwave irradiation;78%
thiophen-2-ylamine
616-46-6

thiophen-2-ylamine

bis(hydroxymethyl)diisopropylphosphonium chloride
1400979-15-8

bis(hydroxymethyl)diisopropylphosphonium chloride

bis(diisopropylphosphinomethyl)(2-thienylmethyl)amine

bis(diisopropylphosphinomethyl)(2-thienylmethyl)amine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With triethylamine In methanol at 20℃; for 14h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere;77.4%
thiophen-2-ylamine
616-46-6

thiophen-2-ylamine

3-nitrocinnamaldehyde
1504-76-3

3-nitrocinnamaldehyde

6-(3-nitrophenyl)-thieno[2,3-b]pyridine
1228167-45-0

6-(3-nitrophenyl)-thieno[2,3-b]pyridine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In water; acetic acid for 0.05 - 0.0583333h; Microwave irradiation;76%
thiophen-2-ylamine
616-46-6

thiophen-2-ylamine

1,5-dimethyl-4-(2-oxo-5-p-tolyl-furan-3-ylideneamino)-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one
425621-58-5

1,5-dimethyl-4-(2-oxo-5-p-tolyl-furan-3-ylideneamino)-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one

2-(1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-ylamino)-4-oxo-4-(4-tolyl)-2-butenoic acid 2-thiazolylamide

2-(1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-ylamino)-4-oxo-4-(4-tolyl)-2-butenoic acid 2-thiazolylamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In toluene for 3h; Heating;75%
thiophen-2-ylamine
616-46-6

thiophen-2-ylamine

butyraldehyde
123-72-8

butyraldehyde

5-ethyl-4-propyl-thieno[2,3-b]pyridine
1228167-52-9

5-ethyl-4-propyl-thieno[2,3-b]pyridine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With triethylamine In ethanol; water for 0.0333333 - 0.0416667h; Microwave irradiation;75%
thiophen-2-ylamine
616-46-6

thiophen-2-ylamine

acetaldehyde
75-07-0

acetaldehyde

4-methyl-thieno[2,3-b]pyridine
13362-81-7

4-methyl-thieno[2,3-b]pyridine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With triethylamine In ethanol; water for 0.05 - 0.0583333h; Microwave irradiation;74%
thiophen-2-ylamine
616-46-6

thiophen-2-ylamine

methyl 2-(4-methylphenylamino)acetate
99075-46-4

methyl 2-(4-methylphenylamino)acetate

4H-thieno[2,3-b]pyrrole-4,5-(6H)-dione

4H-thieno[2,3-b]pyrrole-4,5-(6H)-dione

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With (R,S)-2-chloropropionic acid In toluene at 120℃; for 10h;72.7%
thiophen-2-ylamine
616-46-6

thiophen-2-ylamine

C17H14N4O5S

C17H14N4O5S

C21H17N5O5S2

C21H17N5O5S2

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With tert.-butylhydroperoxide; iron(III) chloride In 1,4-dioxane at 80℃; for 10h;70%
thiophen-2-ylamine
616-46-6

thiophen-2-ylamine

acetic acid chlorocarbonyl-(4-nitro-phenyl)-methyl ester

acetic acid chlorocarbonyl-(4-nitro-phenyl)-methyl ester

acetic acid (4-nitro-phenyl)-(thiophen-2-ylcarbamoyl)-methyl ester

acetic acid (4-nitro-phenyl)-(thiophen-2-ylcarbamoyl)-methyl ester

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With pyridine at 70℃; Acylation;69%
thiophen-2-ylamine
616-46-6

thiophen-2-ylamine

4-chloro-1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione

4-chloro-1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione

benzaldehyde
100-52-7

benzaldehyde

11-chloro-1-phenyl-2-(thien-2-yl)-1H-imidazole[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline

11-chloro-1-phenyl-2-(thien-2-yl)-1H-imidazole[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With ammonium acetate; acetic acid for 24h; Inert atmosphere; Reflux;69%
thiophen-2-ylamine
616-46-6

thiophen-2-ylamine

6,7-dimethoxy-4-(1-piperazinyl)quinazoline
21584-72-5

6,7-dimethoxy-4-(1-piperazinyl)quinazoline

1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole
530-62-1

1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole

4-(6,7-dimethoxy-quinazolin-4-yl)-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid thiophen-2-ylamide

4-(6,7-dimethoxy-quinazolin-4-yl)-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid thiophen-2-ylamide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: thiophen-2-ylamine; 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole With triethylamine In dichloromethane at 0℃; for 1h;
Stage #2: 6,7-dimethoxy-4-(1-piperazinyl)quinazoline In dichloromethane at 20℃; Further stages.;
67%

616-46-6Relevant academic research and scientific papers

MODIFIED PROTEINS AND PROTEIN DEGRADERS

-

Paragraph 00785-00787, (2021/12/08)

Provided herein are compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, and methods for binding or degrading target proteins. Further provided herein are compounds having a DNA damage-binding protein 1 (DDB1) binding moiety. Some such embodiments include a linker. Some such embodiments include a target protein binding moiety. Further provided herein are ligand-DDB1 complexes. Further provided herein are in vivo modified DDB1 proteins.

COLORING COMPOSITION, INKJET INK, AND TEXTILE PRINTING METHOD

-

Paragraph 0161-0163, (2017/10/13)

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide: a coloring composition excellent in cyan optical density (OD value) and light fastness, an inkjet ink containing the coloring composition, and a textile printing method using the coloring composition or the inkjet ink. SOLUTION: The invention provides: a coloring composition containing a compound represented by the general formula (1) described in the specification; an inkjet ink containing the coloring composition; and a textile printing method using the coloring composition or the inkjet ink. SELECTED DRAWING: None COPYRIGHT: (C)2017,JPOandINPIT

Cu nanoparticles: a highly efficient non-noble metal catalyst for rapid reduction of nitro compounds to amines with NaBH4 in water

Zeynizadeh, Behzad,Zabihzadeh, Mehdi,Shokri, Zahra

, p. 1487 - 1492 (2016/07/06)

The purely aqueous-phase reduction of a wide range of nitro compounds to the corresponding amines has been carried out with NaBH4 in the presence of inexpensive Cu nanoparticles as catalyst. The reactions were taken place in water (80?°C) within 4–15?min to give amines in high to excellent yields.

Polymethylhydrosiloxane derived palladium nanoparticles for chemo- and regioselective hydrogenation of aliphatic and aromatic nitro compounds in water

Damodara, Dandu,Arundhathi, Racha,Ramesh Babu, T. Venkata,Legan, Margaret K.,Kumpaty, Hephzibah J.,Likhar, Pravin R.

, p. 22567 - 22574 (2014/06/23)

Chemo- and regioselective hydrogenation of a wide range of aliphatic, unsaturated, aromatic and heteroaromatic nitro compounds into their corresponding amines has been achieved with highly efficient polysiloxane-stabilised "Pd" nanoparticles on NAP-magnesium oxide supports using an environmentally friendly hydrogenating agent, polymethylhydrosiloxane [PMHS] in water. Highly stable and active Pd nanoparticles were prepared by the reduction of NAP-Mg-PdCl4 with PMHS, which serves as a reducing agent as well as a capping agent. The well-dispersed palladium nanoparticles on NAP-MgO catalysts also exhibit excellent regioselectivity in the hydrogenation of dinitrobenzenes to the corresponding nitroanilines. The catalyst has high durability against sintering during the hydrogenation reaction and can be reused with no loss in its activity. This journal is the Partner Organisations 2014.

NON-ANNULATED THIOPHENYLAMIDES AS INHIBITORS OF FATTY ACID BINDING PROTEINI(FABP) 4 AND/OR 5

-

Page/Page column 64, (2014/04/03)

The invention provides novel compounds having the general formula (I), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 , R7, A, E and n are as described herein, compositions including the compounds and methods of using the compounds.

PROCESSES FOR THE PREPARATION OF THIETANAMINE

-

Page/Page column 33, (2013/03/26)

The present invention provides processes for the preparation of compounds of formula (I) including processes comprising a. reacting a compound of formula (II) with a nucleophile in the presence of water to give a compound comprising a thietane moiety in which the carbon atom at the 3 position of the thietane moiety is bonded to a nitrogen atom; wherein the nucleophile is selected the group consisting of: N3-, a sulfonamide having two hydrogen atoms bound to the nitrogen atom, a diimide having a hydrogen atom bound to the nitrogen atom or an anion thereof, NH2OH and NH3; and b. when the nucleophile used in step a. is N3- or NH2OH, reacting the compound produced in step a. with a suitable reducing agent to give a compound of formula (I); or when the nucleophile used in step a. is a sulfonamide, reacting the compound produced in step a. with a reagent suitable for cleaving the S-N bond of the sulfonamide group to give a compound of formula (I); or when the nucleophile used in step a. is a diimide, reacting the compound produced in step a. with a reagent suitable for cleaving the C-N bond of the amide group to give a compound of formula (I). The invention also relates to intermediates useful for the preparation of compounds of formula (I).

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF THIETANE DERIVATIVES

-

Page/Page column 57, (2013/03/26)

The present invention relates to processes for the preparation of thietane derivatives of the formula (IA) and thietane derivatives of the formula (IB) wherein R1, R2, A1, A2, A3, A4, B, and n are as defined in the claims. The invention also relates to intermediates useful in the processes, as well as the compounds of formula (IA) and (IB) and their use as pesticides.

A class of 5-nitro-2-furancarboxylamides with potent trypanocidal activity against Trypanosoma brucei in vitro

Zhou, Linna,Stewart, Gavin,Rideau, Emeline,Westwood, Nicholas J.,Smith, Terry K.

supporting information, p. 796 - 806 (2013/03/28)

Recently, the World Health Organization approved the nifurtimox- eflornithine combination therapy for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis, renewing interest in nitroheterocycle therapies for this and associated diseases. In this study, we have synthesized a series of novel 5-nitro-2-furancarboxylamides that show potent trypanocidal activity, ~1000-fold more potent than nifurtimox against in vitro Trypanosoma brucei with very low cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells. More importantly, the most potent analogue showed very limited cross-resistance to nifurtimox-resistant cells and vice versa. This implies that our novel, relatively easy to synthesize and therefore cheap, 5-nitro-2-furancarboxylamides are targeting a different, but still essential, biochemical process to those targeted by nifurtimox or its metabolites in the parasites. The significant increase in potency (smaller dose probably required) has the potential for greatly reducing unwanted side effects and also reducing the likelihood of drug resistance. Collectively, these findings have important implications for the future therapeutic treatment of African sleeping sickness.

Copper(I)-catalyzed amination of aryl halides in liquid ammonia

Ji, Pengju,Atherton, John H.,Page, Michael I.

, p. 7471 - 7478 (2012/11/06)

The amination of aryl halides in liquid ammonia (LNH3) is catalyzed by a copper(I) salt/ascorbate system to yield primary aromatic amines in good to excellent yields. The low concentrations of catalyst required and the ease of product isolation suggest that this process has potential industrial applications. Commonly used ligands for analogous metal-catalyzed reactions are not effective. The rate of amination of iodobenzene in liquid ammonia is first order in copper(I) catalyst concentration. The small Hammett I? = 0.49 for the amination of 4-substituted iodobenzenes in liquid ammonia at 25 °C indicates that the C-I bond is not significantly broken in the transition state structure and that there is a small generation of negative charge in the aryl ring, which is compatible with the oxidative addition of the copper ion being rate limiting.

Simple and efficient CuI/PEG-400 system for amination of aryl halides with aqueous ammonia

Chen, Junmin,Yuan, Tangjun,Hao, Wenyan,Cai, Mingzhong

experimental part, p. 3710 - 3713 (2011/08/06)

The cross-coupling reaction between aryl halides with aqueous ammonia was efficiently catalyzed in CuI/PEG-400 System with high yield. A range of electron-withdrawing or electron-donating aryl iodides and bromides were found to be applicable to the environmentally benign system. The process allows assembly of primary arylamines in great diversity which bear a wide range of functional groups including cyano, nitro, acetyl, ether, or amino moiety.

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