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  • 7440-70-2 Structure
  • Basic information

    1. Product Name: Calcium
    2. Synonyms: CALCIUM PLASMA EMISSION STANDARD;CALCIUM, PLASMA STANDARD SOLUTION;CALCIUM, OIL BASED STANDARD SOLUTION;CALCIUM, ORGANIC AAS STANDARD SOLUTION;CALCIUM METAL;CALCIUM METALLO-ORGANIC STANDARD;HARDNESS STANDARD;HARDNESS STANDARD REAGENT
    3. CAS NO:7440-70-2
    4. Molecular Formula: Ca
    5. Molecular Weight: 40.08
    6. EINECS: 231-179-5
    7. Product Categories: Inorganics;Food & Flavor Additives;CalciumOrganic Electronics and Photonics;Alkali MetalsMetal and Ceramic Science;Electrode Materials;Metals;Reduction;Substrates and Electrode Materials;Synthetic Reagents;metal or element;#N/A
    8. Mol File: 7440-70-2.mol
    9. Article Data: 21
  • Chemical Properties

    1. Melting Point: 850 °C(lit.)
    2. Boiling Point: 1484 °C(lit.)
    3. Flash Point: N/A
    4. Appearance: Silver-white/pieces
    5. Density: 1.54 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
    6. Refractive Index: N/A
    7. Storage Temp.: water-free area
    8. Solubility: N/A
    9. Water Solubility: reacts with H2O, alcohols, dilute acids to evolve H2 [MER06]
    10. Sensitive: air sensitive, moisture sensitiv
    11. Stability: Stable, but reacts with water to release hydrogen and produce calcium hydroxide. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, alco
    12. Merck: 13,1644
    13. BRN: 4241647
    14. CAS DataBase Reference: Calcium(CAS DataBase Reference)
    15. NIST Chemistry Reference: Calcium(7440-70-2)
    16. EPA Substance Registry System: Calcium(7440-70-2)
  • Safety Data

    1. Hazard Codes: F
    2. Statements: 15
    3. Safety Statements: 8-24/25-43
    4. RIDADR: UN 1401 4.3/PG 2
    5. WGK Germany: 1
    6. RTECS: EV8040000
    7. TSCA: Yes
    8. HazardClass: 4.3
    9. PackingGroup: II
    10. Hazardous Substances Data: 7440-70-2(Hazardous Substances Data)

7440-70-2 Usage

Chemical Properties

Different sources of media describe the Chemical Properties of 7440-70-2 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Calcium is a silvery-white metal when freshly cut, which tarnishes to a blue-gray color in air. It can also be found as a powder. Calcium cations (Ca2+ ) and calcium salts are among the most commonly encountered substances in water, arising mostly from dissolution of minerals. Calcium often is the most abundant cation in river water. Among the most common calcium minerals are the two crystalline forms of calcium carbonate-calcite and aragonite (CaCO 3 , limestone is primarily calcite), calcium sulfate (the dehydrated form, CaSO4 , is anhydrite; the hydrated form, CaSO4.2H2O, is gypsum), calcium magnesium carbonate (CaMg(CO3) 2 , dolomite), and, less often, calcium fluoride (CaF2 , fluorite).
2. Calcium is a silver-white metal, somewhat malleable and ductile; stable in dry air, but in moist air or with water reacts to form calcium hydroxide and hydrogen gas; when heated burns in air to form calcium oxide emitting a brilliant light. Discovered by Davy in 1808. There are six stable isotopes, 40Ca, 42Ca, 43Ca, 44Ca, 46Ca, and 48Ca, with a predomination of 40Ca. In terms of abundance, calcium ranks fifth among the elements occurring in the earth’s crust, with an average of 3.64% calcium in igneous rocks. In terms of content in seawater, the element ranks seventh, with an estimated 1,900,000 tons of calcium per cubic mile (400,000 metric tons per cubic kilometer) of seawater.

Physical properties

Bright, silvery-white metal; face-centered cubic crystal structure (α = 0.5582 nm) at ordinary temperatures, transforming to body-centered cubic form (α = 0.4407) at 430°C; density 1.54 g/cm3 at 20°C; hardness 2 Mohs, 17 Brinnel (500 kg load); melts at 851°C; vaporizes at 1,482°C; electrical resistivity 3.43 and 4.60 microhm-cm at 0° and 20°C, respectively; modulus of elasticity 3-4x106 psi; mass magnetic susceptibility +1.10x10-6 cgs; surface tension 255 dynes/cm; brick-red color when introduced to flame (flame test); standard reduction potential E° = -2.87V.

Occurrence

A few calcium compounds, such as calcium oxide and calcium carbonate have been known since ancient times. The metal was isolated by Davy in 1808. Earlier its amalgam was prepared by Berzelius and Pontin. Calcium is the fifth most abundant element in the earth’s crust, constituting 4.15 % by weight. Its concentration in sea water is 412 mg/L. Calcium is a highly reactive metal and is never found in free elemental form. Its compounds, however,are widely distributed in nature. Some of its common ores are limestone (CaCO3), gypsum (CaSO4?2H2O), fluorite (CaF2), anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8) and apatite (Ca5FP3O12). It also occurs in living matter, as an essential element in bones, teeth, shell, corals, and plant leaves. It constitutes about 2% of body weight, found mostly in bones and teeth. Its concentration in the blood is about 100 mg/L, found in blood proteins and serum.The few limited applications of calcium are mostly in metallurgy. It is used to produce alloys with aluminum, lead, beryllium, copper, silicon, and other metals; as a desulfurizer, decarburizer, and deoxidizer for ferrous and nonferrous alloys; for removal of bismuth from lead; and as a reducing agent for zirconium, uranium, thorium, and other metals. Minor, non-metallurgical applications include dehydration of organic solvents; purification of helium, argon, and other inert gases to remove nitrogen and other impurities; and as a “getter” for residual gases in vacuum tubes. Calcium compounds have numerous applications (see individual compounds).

Uses

Different sources of media describe the Uses of 7440-70-2 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. Calcium is largely used in the production of steel however it may also be applied to various health treatments involving the calcium-channel and anti-depressant activity. In addition it may be a necessary supplement in fracture healing of bones in mammals.
2. Calcium is used as a deoxidizer for copper,steel, and beryllium in metallurgy; to hardenlead for bearing; and in making alloys.
3. Reducing agent for production of less common metals; alloying agent to increase strength and corrosion resistance in lead, to improve mechanical and electrical properties in aluminum; refining agent to remove bismuth from lead. In metallurgy as scavenger to deoxidize, desulfurize and degas steel and cast iron; to control non-metallic inclusions in steel; to promote uniform microstructure in gray iron. As anode material in thermal batteries; as "getter" for oxygen and nitrogen.

Production Methods

Calcium may be obtained by electrolytic or thermal reduction of its salts.Electrolytic reduction involves electrolysis of partially molten calcium chloride at 780° to 800°C in a graphite lined steel vessel. The method requires precise control of temperature and current. The solid deposit of metal produced may contain entrapped salt and impurities such as chlorine and nitrogen. It is re-melted to reduce impurity levels.Currently, thermal reduction processes have replaced the electrolysis method. The starting material in these methods is limestone, which is calcined to produce calcium oxide. The latter is ground, mixed and compacted with aluminum, and reduced at temperatures between 1,000° to 1,200°C under vacuum. Calcium vapors formed in low yield under such thermodynamic conditions are transferred from the reactor and condensed in cool zones, thus shifting the equilibrium to allow formation of more calcium vapors. The reactions are as follows:4Ca + 2Al → CaO?Al2O3 + 3Ca (vapor)6Ca + 2Al → 3CaO?Al2O3 + 3Ca (vapor).

Definition

Alkaline-earth element of atomic number 20, group IIA of the periodic table. Aw 40.08. Valence 2. Six stable isotopes.

General Description

A silvery, soft metal that turns grayish white on exposure to air. Used in metallurgy.

Air & Water Reactions

Pyrophoric ignites in air when finely divided, then burns with crimson flame [Merck 11th ed. 1989]. Calcium rapidly decomposes in water, the heat of reaction is sufficient that hydrolysis released hydrogen may ignite [Lab. Gov. Chemist 1966].

Reactivity Profile

Boron trifluoride reacts with incandescence when heated with alkali metals or alkaline earth metals except magnesium [Merck 11th ed. 1989]. Calcium reacts violently with acids [Lab. Govt. Chemist 1965]. Finely divided Calcium burns spontaneously in chlorine at elevated temperatures [Mellor 3:637, 638, 651 1946-47]. Finely divided or massive Calcium burns spontaneously in fluorine at ordinary temperatures. Calcium is incompatible with metal oxides, alkali metal hydroxides, chlorine fluorides, dinitrogen tetraoxide, and sulfur(with sulfur reacts explosively when ignited) [Bretherick, 5th Ed., 1995].

Hazard

Evolves hydrogen with moisture. Flammable in finely divided state. Fire and explosion hazard when heated or on contact with strong oxidizing agents.

Health Hazard

Calcium is an essential nutrient for plants and animals, essential for bone, nervous system, and cell development. Recommended daily intakes for adults are between 800 and 1200 mg/day. Most of this is obtained in food; drinking water typically accounts for 50–300 mg/day, depending on the water hardness and assuming inges- tion of 2 L/day. Calcium in food and water is essentially nontoxic. A number of stud- ies suggest that water hardness protects against cardiovascular disease. One possible adverse effect from ingestion of high concentrations of calcium for long periods of time may be a greater risk of kidney stones. The presence of calcium in water decreases the toxicity of many metals to aquatic life. Stream standards for these met- als are expressed as a function of hardness and pH. Thus, the presence of calcium in water is beneficial and no limits on calcium have been established for protection of human or aquatic health.

Fire Hazard

Produce flammable gases on contact with water. May ignite on contact with water or moist air. Some react vigorously or explosively on contact with water. May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. May re-ignite after fire is extinguished. Some are transported in highly flammable liquids. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.

Mechanism of action

About 48% of serum calcium is ionic, ca 46% is bound to blood proteins, the rest is present as diffusible complexes, e.g., of citrate. The calcium ion level must be maintained within definite limits. Bones act as a reservoir of certain ions, in particular Ca2+ and PO43-, which readily exchange between bones and blood. Bone structure comprises a strong organic matrix combined with an inorganic phase which is principally hydroxyapatite, 3Ca3(PO4)2·Ca(OH)2. Bones contain two forms of hydroxyapatite. The less soluble crystalline form contributes to the rigidity of the structure. The crystals are quite stable, but because of the small size present a very large surface area available for rapid exchange of ions and molecules with other tissues. There is also a more soluble intercrystalline fraction. Bone salts also contain small amounts of magnesium, sodium, carbonate, citrate, chloride, and fluoride. Osteoporosis is reported to result when bone resorption is relatively faster than bone formation. The calcium ion, necessary for blood-clot formation, stimulates release of bloodclotting factors from platelets.

Potential Exposure

Calcium is used as a raw material for aluminum, copper, and lead alloys.

Carcinogenicity

No studies on the carcinogenicity of elemental calcium were noted. The carcinogenicity of calcium chromate is attributed solely to intracellular soluble chromium.

Purification Methods

Clean the metal by washing it with ether to remove adhering paraffin, file the surface in an argon-filled glove box, and wash it with ethanol containing 2% of conc HCl. Then wash it with dry ethanol, dry it in a vacuum and store it under pure argon [Addison et al. J Chem Soc 3868 1962].

Incompatibilities

Forms hydrogen gas on contact with air; finely divided material or dust may ignite spontaneously. A strong reducing agent; reacts violently with water, acids, strong oxidizers (such as chlorine, bromine, and fluorine), alkaline carbonates, dinitrogen tetroxide; halogenated hydrocarbons; lead chloride, halogens, alkaline hydroxides, oxygen, silicon, sulfur, chlorine, fluorine, chlorine trifluoride, and many other substances. Reacts with water to produce flammable hydrogen gas

Check Digit Verification of cas no

The CAS Registry Mumber 7440-70-2 includes 7 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 4 digits, 7,4,4 and 0 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 7 and 0 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 7440-70:
(6*7)+(5*4)+(4*4)+(3*0)+(2*7)+(1*0)=92
92 % 10 = 2
So 7440-70-2 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/Ca

7440-70-2 Well-known Company Product Price

  • Brand
  • (Code)Product description
  • CAS number
  • Packaging
  • Price
  • Detail
  • Aldrich

  • (441872)  Calcium  dendritic pieces, purified by distillation, 99.99% trace metals basis

  • 7440-70-2

  • 441872-5G

  • 2,754.18CNY

  • Detail
  • Aldrich

  • (441872)  Calcium  dendritic pieces, purified by distillation, 99.99% trace metals basis

  • 7440-70-2

  • 441872-25G

  • 10,728.90CNY

  • Detail
  • Aldrich

  • (596566)  Calcium  dendritic pieces, purified by distillation, 99.9% trace metals basis

  • 7440-70-2

  • 596566-5G

  • 2,082.60CNY

  • Detail
  • Aldrich

  • (465895)  Calcium  dendritic pieces, purified by distillation, 99.5% trace metals basis

  • 7440-70-2

  • 465895-5G

  • 1,593.54CNY

  • Detail
  • Aldrich

  • (215147)  Calcium  granular, 99%

  • 7440-70-2

  • 215147-5G

  • 517.14CNY

  • Detail
  • Aldrich

  • (215147)  Calcium  granular, 99%

  • 7440-70-2

  • 215147-100G

  • 972.27CNY

  • Detail
  • Aldrich

  • (215147)  Calcium  granular, 99%

  • 7440-70-2

  • 215147-500G

  • 3,506.49CNY

  • Detail
  • Aldrich

  • (327387)  Calcium  pieces, <1 cm, 99%

  • 7440-70-2

  • 327387-25G

  • 443.43CNY

  • Detail
  • Aldrich

  • (215414)  Calcium  turnings, 99% trace metals basis

  • 7440-70-2

  • 215414-25G

  • 554.58CNY

  • Detail

7440-70-2SDS

SAFETY DATA SHEETS

According to Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) - Sixth revised edition

Version: 1.0

Creation Date: Aug 16, 2017

Revision Date: Aug 16, 2017

1.Identification

1.1 GHS Product identifier

Product name calcium atom

1.2 Other means of identification

Product number -
Other names activated calcium powder

1.3 Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use

Identified uses For industry use only. Processing aids, not otherwise listed
Uses advised against no data available

1.4 Supplier's details

1.5 Emergency phone number

Emergency phone number -
Service hours Monday to Friday, 9am-5pm (Standard time zone: UTC/GMT +8 hours).

More Details:7440-70-2 SDS

7440-70-2Synthetic route

vanadium
7440-62-2

vanadium

calcium phosphide

calcium phosphide

A

VP0.95

VP0.95

B

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In neat (no solvent) heating at 1200°C;;A 100%
B n/a
calcium carbide
75-20-7

calcium carbide

graphite

graphite

B

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In neat (no solvent) pressure about 1 Torr, 1600-1800°C; small amts. of Ca;;A 94%
B n/a
In neat (no solvent) pressure about 1 Torr, 1600-1800°C; small amts. of Ca;;A 94%
B n/a
dolomite

dolomite

sulfuric acid
7664-93-9

sulfuric acid

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With pyrographite In melt byproducts: S; Electrolysis; Bitterfeld process variants;;
aluminum oxide
1333-84-2, 1344-28-1

aluminum oxide

calcium chloride

calcium chloride

A

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

B

aluminium
7429-90-5

aluminium

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With H In neat (no solvent) byproducts: HCl, H2O; bombarding mixt. of CaCl2:Al2O3=1:4 (on substrate, periodically stirred) with H for 300 mins in plasmochemical app. described by I. Sh. Normatov, N. Shermatov, and U. Mirsaidov, Fiz. Khim. Obrab. Mater., No. 3, 141-142 (1990); mechanism discussed;; X-ray diffraction;;
calcium azide

calcium azide

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

Conditions
ConditionsYield
explosive decompn. by heating in vacuo at 158°C;
calcium cyanide

calcium cyanide

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In melt Electrolysis; Bitterfeld process variants: at 700 - 800°C;;
In melt Electrolysis; Bitterfeld process variants: at 700 - 800°C;;
calcium cyanide

calcium cyanide

A

ethanedinitrile
460-19-5

ethanedinitrile

B

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In melt Electrolysis; Bitterfeld process variants: separated cathode- and anode room; carbon anode and Ni cathode; 2.5 A, 9 V;;
In melt Electrolysis; Bitterfeld process variants: separated cathode- and anode room; carbon anode and Ni cathode; 2.5 A, 9 V;;
calcium(II) sulfide

calcium(II) sulfide

potassium
7440-09-7

potassium

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

calcium fluoride

calcium fluoride

calcium(II) sulfide

calcium(II) sulfide

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In melt Electrolysis; Bitterfeld process variants: under H2 or Ar at ambient or low pressure;;
calcium(II) sulfide

calcium(II) sulfide

calcium carbide
75-20-7

calcium carbide

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In not given reduction;;
calcium oxide

calcium oxide

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In neat (no solvent) at 1280°C;;
With Al-Si-Fe-Ti alloy In neat (no solvent) reduction by alloy;;
With aluminium In neat (no solvent) Pidgeon process: at 1200°C in vacuum;;
magnesium
7439-95-4

magnesium

calcium oxide

calcium oxide

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

Conditions
ConditionsYield
incomplete reaction {4,6,14,16,17} with formation of yellow powder with bad odor {14};;
oxygen

oxygen

calcium oxide

calcium oxide

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In gaseous matrix Kinetics; byproducts: O2; He bath gas, 250-898 K; time-resolved laser-indiced fluorescence spectroscopic monitoring;
calcium oxide

calcium oxide

ruthenium
7440-18-8

ruthenium

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In neat (no solvent) react. in the heat;;
aluminium
7429-90-5

aluminium

calcium oxide

calcium oxide

A

tricalcium aliminate

tricalcium aliminate

B

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In neat (no solvent) reduction with aluminium;;
In neat (no solvent) reduction with aluminium;;
calcium chloride

calcium chloride

calcium oxide

calcium oxide

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In melt byproducts: O2, CO2, Cl2; Electrolysis; electrowinning of Ca metal from molten CaCl2 containing 0-5 wt% CaO at 825-900°C in MgO crucible, under Ar atm., stainless steel cathode and graphite anode (K and Na chlorides for lowering melting point, density and viscosity); anodically generated gaseous by-products O2, CO2 and Cl2 removed;
calcium carbonate

calcium carbonate

calcium chloride

calcium chloride

calcium oxide

calcium oxide

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With pyrographite In melt Electrolysis; Bitterfeld process variants: cyclic process;;
With pyrographite In melt Electrolysis; Bitterfeld process variants: cyclic process;;
sodium cyanide
773837-37-9

sodium cyanide

calcium oxide

calcium oxide

A

carbon monoxide
201230-82-2

carbon monoxide

B

nitrogen
7727-37-9

nitrogen

C

sodium
7440-23-5

sodium

D

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In neat (no solvent) reduction of CaO with NaCN at 560-750°C in vac.;; no complete reaction;;
In neat (no solvent) reduction of CaO with NaCN at 560-750°C in vac.;; no complete reaction;;
calcium fluoride

calcium fluoride

calcium oxide

calcium oxide

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With aluminium In neat (no solvent) reduction in vacuum;;
With silicon In neat (no solvent) reduction in vacuum;;
With Al In neat (no solvent) reduction in vacuum;;
calcium carbide
75-20-7

calcium carbide

calcium oxide

calcium oxide

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In neat (no solvent)
In not given reduction;;
In not given reduction;;
calcium sulfate

calcium sulfate

calcium oxide

calcium oxide

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With S In neat (no solvent) heating on between mp and bp of Ca; thermal decompn.;;
With sulfur In neat (no solvent) heating on between mp and bp of Ca; thermal decompn.;;
calcium carbonate

calcium carbonate

calcium oxide

calcium oxide

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With S In neat (no solvent) heating on between mp and bp of Ca; thermal decompn.;;
With sulfur In neat (no solvent) heating on between mp and bp of Ca; thermal decompn.;;
pyrographite
7440-44-0

pyrographite

calcium oxide

calcium oxide

A

carbon monoxide
201230-82-2

carbon monoxide

B

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Kinetics; heating;
sodium
7440-23-5

sodium

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

calcium chloride

calcium chloride

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In neat (no solvent) shaking of Na, CaCl2 and NaCl in a closed supremax-tube for 30 min at 500-810°C until equilibrium; heating for 15 min at the same temperature; chilling; examination of the equilibrium;; seperation of the saltfree metal- and the saltphase under ether;;
boric acid
11113-50-1

boric acid

A

arsenic

arsenic

B

tetrafluoroboric acid

tetrafluoroboric acid

C

fluorosilicic acid

fluorosilicic acid

D

iron
7439-89-6

iron

E

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With hydrogen fluoride byproducts: Na, H2SO4; with ice cooling; H2SO4 and HF removed by Pb(CO3)2, Pb by H2S and H2S by air stream;
With HF byproducts: Na, H2SO4; with ice cooling; H2SO4 and HF removed by Pb(CO3)2, Pb by H2S and H2S by air stream;
potassium
7440-09-7

potassium

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With calcium oxide
With calcium silicate
magnesium
7439-95-4

magnesium

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With calcium oxide treatment by heating in vac.; after cooling treatment with melted Na and alcohol;
With calcium oxide0%
With hydrogen; calcium oxide at red heat in H2 flow;0%
With CaO treatment by heating in vac.; after cooling treatment with melted Na and alcohol;
sodium
7440-23-5

sodium

calcium chloride

calcium chloride

A

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

B

sodium chloride
7647-14-5

sodium chloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In neat (no solvent) equilibrium reaction at higher temperatures;;
aluminium
7429-90-5

aluminium

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With calcium oxide at red heat; 8.3 % Ca in the product;
calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

platinum
7440-06-4

platinum

cadmium
7440-43-9

cadmium

Ca6PtCd11

Ca6PtCd11

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In neat (no solvent) at 600 - 950℃; for 111h; Sealed tube; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere; Glovebox;100%
hydrogen
1333-74-0

hydrogen

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

calcium hydride
7789-78-8

calcium hydride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In melt High Pressure; Ca melted in vac. at 350°C for 5 h, filled with H2 (5 atm) at 400°C for 5 min, at 10 atm. at 480°; elem. anal.;99.6%
In neat (no solvent) hydrogenation in a closed iron tube under pressure at temperatures between 650°C and 690°C;;90%
In neat (no solvent) hydrogenation in a closed iron tube under pressure at temperatures between 650°C and 690°C;;90%
trifluorormethanesulfonic acid
1493-13-6

trifluorormethanesulfonic acid

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

dimethyl sulfoxide
67-68-5

dimethyl sulfoxide

calcium(II) triflate - dimethylsulfoxide (1/6.4)

calcium(II) triflate - dimethylsulfoxide (1/6.4)

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With oxygen In dimethyl sulfoxide metal. Ca under O2 atm. treated with DMSO and triflic acid (2 equiv.) in3 portions, heated at 100°C for 2 h;99%
calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

titanium(IV) oxide

titanium(IV) oxide

A

titanium
7440-32-6

titanium

B

calcium oxide

calcium oxide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With calcium chloride; calcium oxide In neat (no solvent) mixt. with flux and binder using stirrer; flux was CaCl2 or CaO powder; binder collodion soln. consisted of 5 mass% nitrocellulose in ethanol and ether;A 99%
B n/a
antimony
7440-36-0

antimony

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

Ca11Sb10

Ca11Sb10

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Electric Arc; Sr:Sb=1:1;99%
In melt 5:4-mixt. of Ca and Sb heated in alumina or Ta crucible to 1100°C, kept at this temp. for ca. 1 h, cooled with 50-100°C;
With Sn In melt byproducts: Ca5Sb3; Ca:Sb:Sn were layered in Al2O3 crusible in the ratio 11:10:50; the mixt.was heated under Ar to 1275 K; the react. was held at this temp. for 1 h and cooled at a rate of 277 K/h to 975 K; the single-crystal compd. was sepd. from the molten Sn; identified by powder XRD studies;
nitrogen
7727-37-9

nitrogen

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

calcium nitride

calcium nitride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In neat (no solvent) (Ar); placing of cleaned Ca rod in alumina crucible inside a molybdenum foil-lined reaction tube; heating under flowing N2 for 48 h at 1000°C;98%
In neat (no solvent) heating of electrolyt-Ca-chips in a N2-stream at 660°C for 1/2 h; cooling down, grinding; heating at approx. 850°C for 1/2 h in a N2-stream;; soiled with 3.24% unreacted Ca and some CaO;;90.9%
In neat (no solvent) heating of electrolyt-Ca-chips in a N2-stream at 660°C for 1/2 h; cooling down, grinding; heating at approx. 850°C for 1/2 h in a N2-stream;; soiled with 3.24% unreacted Ca and some CaO;;90.9%
zinc chloride-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-ide lithium chloride complex

zinc chloride-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-ide lithium chloride complex

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

2C9H18N(1-)*Zn(2+)*CaCl2*2LiCl

2C9H18N(1-)*Zn(2+)*CaCl2*2LiCl

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With iodine In tetrahydrofuran at 25℃; for 24h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere;98%
neodymium(III) oxide

neodymium(III) oxide

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

A

neodymium

neodymium

B

calcium oxide

calcium oxide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In melt metallothermic redn. of Nd2O3 with Ca in CaCl2-NaCl melt at temps. between 983 and 1063 K; Nd recovered from the salt melt by dissoln. in a molten mtal pool of either Nd-Zn or Nd-Fe; vac. distn. of the Nd-Zn alloy;A 95%
B n/a
niobium(V) oxide

niobium(V) oxide

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

niobium

niobium

Conditions
ConditionsYield
extracting with HCl;95%
extracting with HCl;95%
best yield with 50 % excess of Ca, with S as react. booster; purity: 99.5 % Nb;
germanium
7440-56-4

germanium

indium
7440-74-6

indium

lithium
7439-93-2

lithium

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

Ca2LiInGe2

Ca2LiInGe2

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In neat (no solvent) the mixt. of metals in sealed tantalum ampules was heated to 1050°C and held for 10 h, slow cooled over 5 days to about 300°C (Ar atm.);95%
graphite

graphite

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

calcium carbide

calcium carbide

calcium carbide

calcium carbide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In neat (no solvent, solid phase) all manipulations under dry Ar atm.; Ca and C (1:2.2) heated at 925°C for 16 h, then cooled; speed of haeting and cooling 5°C/min;A 95%
B n/a
In neat (no solvent, solid phase) all manipulations under dry Ar atm.; Ca and C (1:1.8) heated at 925°C for 16 h, then cooled; speed of heating and cooling 5°C/min;A n/a
B 90%
germanium
7440-56-4

germanium

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

calcium germanide

calcium germanide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In neat (no solvent, solid phase) placing of Ca and Ge in welded Ta containers, heating under vac. at 1150°C for 6 h, cooling to 650°C with rate of 10-12°C/h;95%
In melt stoich. mixt. melted under Ar; XRD;
indium
7440-74-6

indium

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

Ca14.1Au44.2In41.7

Ca14.1Au44.2In41.7

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In melt Electric Arc; (Ar); arc melting mixt. of calcium, gold and indium;95%
In melt (Ar); heating mixt. of calcium, gold and indium at 800°C for 24 h; quenching;
bis((trimethylsilyl)methyl)zinc
41924-26-9

bis((trimethylsilyl)methyl)zinc

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

bis(tetrahydrofuran)calcium-bis[tris(trimethylsilylmethyl)zincate]

bis(tetrahydrofuran)calcium-bis[tris(trimethylsilylmethyl)zincate]

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In tetrahydrofuran byproducts: Zn; all manipulations under Ar; Ca added to Zn compd. in THF, stirred at room temp. for 24 h; filtered, volatiles evapd. in vac., residue dissolved in toluene, cooledto -20°C for several d, elem. anal.;91%
tetrahydrofuran
109-99-9

tetrahydrofuran

trimethylammonium carba-closo-undecahydrododecaborate

trimethylammonium carba-closo-undecahydrododecaborate

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

2CH12B11(1-)*C24H48CaO6(2+)

2CH12B11(1-)*C24H48CaO6(2+)

Conditions
ConditionsYield
for 25h;91%
germanium
7440-56-4

germanium

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

calcium oxide

calcium oxide

Ca3GeO

Ca3GeO

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In neat (no solvent) Ar atm.; heating (1100°C, 4 h), cooling (20°C/h);90%
graphite

graphite

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

calcium chloride

calcium chloride

A

Ca4 oxy-chloride

Ca4 oxy-chloride

B

Ca3Cl2C3

Ca3Cl2C3

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In neat (no solvent, solid phase) mixture of Ca, CaCl2 and graphite was heated under dry Ar in a sealed tantalum capsule at 900°C for 1 day, annealing at 780°C for 3 days, cooling;A 5%
B 90%
calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

silicon
7440-21-3

silicon

calcium silicide

calcium silicide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In neat (no solvent, solid phase) placing of Ca and Si in welded Ta containers, heating under vac. at 1300°C for 6 h, cooling to 600°C with rate of 8°C/h;90%
In melt melt, annealed in vac.; XRD;
In neat (no solvent) sealed, heated at 750 °C for 12 h;
calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

platinum
7440-06-4

platinum

cadmium
7440-43-9

cadmium

Ca6Pt8Cd16

Ca6Pt8Cd16

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: calcium; platinum; cadmium In neat (no solvent, solid phase) at 950℃; for 12h; Sealed tube;
Stage #2: In neat (no solvent, solid phase) at 500℃; for 240h; Time; Temperature; Sealed tube;
90%
[(IP-)2Al]2(μ2η3-OCO2)

[(IP-)2Al]2(μ2η3-OCO2)

tetra-(n-butyl)ammonium iodide
311-28-4

tetra-(n-butyl)ammonium iodide

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

A

Bu4N[(IP(-))2Al]

Bu4N[(IP(-))2Al]

B

calcium carbonate

calcium carbonate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: [(IP-)2Al]2(μ2η3-OCO2); calcium In tetrahydrofuran at 60℃; for 1h; Inert atmosphere;
Stage #2: tetra-(n-butyl)ammonium iodide In diethyl ether for 24h; Inert atmosphere;
A 89%
B 90%
NbO1.4

NbO1.4

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

niobium

niobium

Conditions
ConditionsYield
with 60 % excess of Ca, 1000°C; purity: 98 % Nb;89%
with 60 % excess of Ca, 1000°C; purity: 98 % Nb;89%
1-chloro-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine
32579-76-3

1-chloro-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

C9H18N(1-)*Cl(1-)*Zn(2+)*CaCl2

C9H18N(1-)*Cl(1-)*Zn(2+)*CaCl2

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With iodine; diisobutylaluminium hydride In tetrahydrofuran at -5 - 25℃; for 0.5h; Schlenk technique; Inert atmosphere;88%
aluminum isopropoxide
555-31-7

aluminum isopropoxide

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

isopropyl alcohol
67-63-0

isopropyl alcohol

Ca(2+)*2Al(3+)*8(CH3)2CHO(1-)=Ca[Al(OCH(CH3)2)4]2

Ca(2+)*2Al(3+)*8(CH3)2CHO(1-)=Ca[Al(OCH(CH3)2)4]2

Conditions
ConditionsYield
mercury dichloride In isopropyl alcohol byproducts: H2; absence of moisture; 2 equiv. Al(OiPr)3, refluxing for 120 h; evapn. (reduced pressure), sublimation (reduced pressure); elem. anal.;86%
nickel
7440-02-0

nickel

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

silicon
7440-21-3

silicon

Ca3Ni3Si2

Ca3Ni3Si2

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In neat (no solvent, solid phase) al manipulations under Ar; mixt. of elements filled into Ta ampouls, heated at 1000°C for 16 h, then at 800°C for 3 d; cooled (5 K/min);85%
graphite

graphite

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

A

calcium(II) sulfide

calcium(II) sulfide

calcium carbide

calcium carbide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With S In neat (no solvent, solid phase) High Pressure; (inert atm.), glovebox; addn. of Ca and mixture of C and S (3.77 mass %)into milling vial, milling in 30-60 min increments with 30 min of cooli ng between each increment, in SPEX Certiprep mixer/mills, various times; detected by powder XRD;A n/a
B 81.1%
hydrogen
1333-74-0

hydrogen

cobalt
7440-48-4

cobalt

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

magnesium
7439-95-4

magnesium

Mg(2+)*Ca(2+)*CoH5(4-)=CaMgCoH5
137892-58-1

Mg(2+)*Ca(2+)*CoH5(4-)=CaMgCoH5

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In neat (no solvent) melting, hydrogenating (450-460°C, 110 bar);80%
germanium
7440-56-4

germanium

indium
7440-74-6

indium

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

strontium

strontium

SrCa2In2Ge

SrCa2In2Ge

Conditions
ConditionsYield
(Ar), excess In and Ge, heating (350-450°C, 5-8 h, vac.), heating(1050°C, 5 d); ICP analysis;80%
nickel
7440-02-0

nickel

calcium
7440-70-2

calcium

magnesium
7439-95-4

magnesium

deuterium
16873-17-9

deuterium

calcium magnesium nickel(0) tetradeuteride

calcium magnesium nickel(0) tetradeuteride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In neat (no solvent) melting, hydrogenating (450-460°C, 110 bar);80%

7440-70-2Relevant articles and documents

MH4P6N12 (M=Mg, Ca): New imidonitridophosphates with an unprecedented layered network structure type

Marchuk, Alexey,Celinski, Vinicius R.,Schmedt Auf Der Günne, J?rn,Schnick, Wolfgang

, p. 5836 - 5842 (2015)

Isotypic imidonitridophosphates MH4P6N12 (M=Mg, Ca) have been synthesized by high-pressure/high-temperature reactions at 8 GPa and 1000°C starting from stoichiometric amounts of the respective alkaline-earth metal nitrides, P3N5, and amorphous HPN2. Both compounds form colorless transparent platelet crystals. The crystal structures have been solved and refined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. Rietveld refinement confirmed the accuracy of the structure determination. In order to quantify the amounts of H atoms in the respective compounds, quantitative solid-state 1H NMR measurements were carried out. EDX spectroscopy confirmed the chemical compositions. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of NH groups in both structures. The crystal structures reveal an unprecedented layered tetrahedral arrangement, built up from all-side vertex-sharing PN4 tetrahedra with condensed dreier and sechser rings. The resulting layers are separated by metal atoms.

Weston, F. E.,Ellis, H. R.

, p. 166 - 171 (1908)

Smith,Bennet

, p. 799 - 799 (1909)

Kraus, C. A.

, p. 653 - 668 (1908)

Wichers, E.

, p. 1268 - 1268 (1921)

Hydrogen release reactions of Al-based complex hydrides enhanced by vibrational dynamics and valences of metal cations

Sato,Ramirez-Cuesta,Daemen,Cheng,Tomiyasu,Takagi,Orimo

, p. 11807 - 11810 (2016)

Hydrogen release from Al-based complex hydrides composed of metal cation(s) and [AlH4]- was investigated using inelastic neutron scattering viewed from vibrational dynamics. The hydrogen release followed the softening of translational and [AlH4]- librational modes, which was enhanced by vibrational dynamics and the valence(s) of the metal cation(s).

Preparation of reduced iron powder using combined distribution of wood-charcoal by microwave heating

Ye, Qianxu,Zhu, Hongbo,Zhang, Libo,Ma, Ji,Zhou, Li,Liu, Peng,Chen, Jian,Chen, Guo,Peng, Jinhui

, p. 102 - 106 (2014/07/08)

In this paper, the influences of microwave heating with wood-charcoal as the reducing agent, on the reducing characterization of mill-scale were systematically investigated. The microstructures of the samples were characterized before and after microwave

Corrosion of structural ceramics under sub-critical conditions in aqueous sodium chloride solution and in deionized water. Part II: Dissolution of Al 2O3-based ceramics

Galuskova, Dagmar,Hnatko, Miroslav,Galusek, Dusan,Sajgalik, Pavol

, p. 3044 - 3052 (2012/01/12)

Two types of alumina-based ceramics, pure solid-state sintered (SSS) alumina ceramics, and a liquid phase sintered (LPS) alumina were corrosion tested under both static and quasi-dynamic conditions in 0.5M NaCl solution and in deionized water reference medium at the temperature of 290°C. Static tests were also performed at 150° and 200°C in order to obtain the data for determination of kinetic parameters, and for calculation of the activation energies. The apparent activation energies of dissolution of the LPS alumina in deionized water and in 0.5M NaCl solution were identical and ranged around 49 kJ/mol. The SSS alumina ceramics corroded by grain-boundary attack and slow dissolution of alumina matrix grains, and the corrosion rates were negligible in both corrosion media. The LPS alumina, corroded by preferential attack and dissolution of calcium aluminosilicate grain-boundary glass. The alumina matrix remained relatively intact. The dissolution was markedly faster than in the SSS alumina. The rates of dissolution were found to be temperature dependent, but no influence of the corrosion medium was observed.

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