142-28-9Relevant articles and documents
Laser-Initiated Chain Reactions of Chlorine with Propane and Cyclopropane in Amorphous Films at 77 K
Sedlacek, Arthur J.,Mansueto, Edward S.,Wight, Charles A.
, p. 6223 - 6229 (1987)
Free radical reactions of chlorine with propane and cyclopropane deposited as amorphous thin films at 77 K have been investigated.Reactions are initiated by pulsed laser photolysis of the chlorine molecules at 308 nm.Product yields and branching ratios have been determined by Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy of the films following irradiation.The Cl2/propane system is characterized by low product yields consistent with a local radical recombination mechanism.However, the Cl2/cyclopropane reaction proceeds via a true chain reaction mechanism involving ring opening of the hydrocarbon.The dominant product of the reaction is the anti,anti conformer of 1,3-dichloropropane.Product yields have been determined as a function of the mole fraction of chlorine in binary mixtures of the reagents.The results are consistent with a simple statistical model for free radical trapping in nonreactive sites within the amorphous films.
Conformational Selectivity in the Solid-State Photochlorination of Cyclopropane
Tague, Thomas J.,Wight, Charles A.
, p. 3266 - 3269 (1993)
The solid-state free-radical chain reaction of chlorine with cyclopropane has been investigated with the use of pulsed UV laser photolysis and transmission FTIR spectroscopy.The photochemical quantum yield for an equimolar mixture of the two reagents prepared as a thin film by vapor deposition at 77 K is 52 +/- 8.Samples prepared at this temperature form the anti,anti conformer of 1,3-dichloropropane as the initial reaction product, even when the photolysis is carried out at temperatures as low as 10 K.However, selective formation of the gauche,gauche conformer is observed in the early stages of photolysis for samples that are prepared and photolyzed at 10 K.Continued photolysis of the 10 K sample leads to a sudden burst of reactivity (microexplosion) in which HCl and chlorocyclopropane are formed in addition to distributions of 1,3-dichloropropane conformers.The results indicate that the control of conformational selectivity in this reaction is governed by the influence of temperature and sample density on elementary steps in the reaction mechanism.
Solvent pressure effects in free radical reactions. 2. Reconciliation of the gas and condensed phase chlorination of cyclopropane
Tanko, James M.,Suleman, N. Kamrudin
, p. 5162 - 5166 (1994)
The results reported herein demonstrate that the chemoselectivity (SH2 ring opening vs abstraction of a cyclopropyl hydrogen) associated with the free radical chlorination of cyclopropane is solvent dependent. Internal pressure is implicated as the solvent parameter responsible for the observed solvent effect. (Solvents of high internal pressure favor the SH2 process; hydrogen abstraction becomes more important in solvents of low internal pressure or in the gas phase.) Extrapolation of the solution phase results to zero internal pressure accurately predicts the gas-phase result, suggesting that the difference in chemoselectivity between the vapor- and condensed-phase reactions is attributable to internal pressure in the condensed phase medium. No evidence for the chlorine atom cage effect is found in the chlorination of cyclopropane.
Preparation method of dichloroalkane
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Paragraph 0019, (2021/02/10)
The invention discloses a preparation method of dichloroalkane, which comprises the following steps: mixing diol, a catalyst and a solvent, stirring and heating the components, introducing HCl gas into the mixture, and carrying out reflux reaction for 3-5 hours; and after the reaction is finished, treating the reaction solution to obtain dichloroalkane. According to the preparation method providedby the invention, the catalyst ammonium chloride is added, so that the reaction speed is obviously increased, and side reactions are reduced. In the invention, a large amount of solvent water is added in the reaction process, so that on one hand, the formation of monochloro ether by-products can be effectively inhibited, a water phase can be directly and repeatedly used, and basically no sewage is discharged; besides, by using the oil-water separator, the dichloroalkane product can be effectively separated, the product purity is high, and the yield is high.
Method and system for producing 1, 3-propylene glycol from 1, 3-dichloropropanol
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Paragraph 0083; 0086-0087; 0090; 0093-0094; 0097; 0100-0101, (2021/03/13)
The invention discloses a method and a system for producing 1, 3-propylene glycol from 1, 3-dichloropropanol. The method comprises the following steps: continuously inputting 1, 3-dichloropropanol into a reaction device provided with a dehydration catalyst for dehydration reaction to prepare 1, 3-dichloropropene; continuously inputting the 1, 3-dichloropropene and hydrogen into a reaction device provided with a hydrogenation catalyst for hydrogenation reaction to prepare 1, 3-dichloropropane; and carrying out hydrolysis reaction on a mixed reaction system containing the 1, 3-dichloropropane, ahydrolysis agent and a solvent to prepare the 1, 3-propylene glycol. According to the method, an intermediate product 1, 3-dichloropropanol of epoxy chloropropane prepared by a cheap glycerol chlorination method is used as a raw material, an important chemical raw material 1, 3-propylene glycol is prepared by three steps of dehydration, hydrogenation and hydrolysis, a new way is provided for preparing 1, 3-propylene glycol from glycerol, and the route has the advantages of mild conditions, low cost, environmental friendliness, economy and the like.
Continuous method for preparation of dihalogenated alkane from diol compound
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Paragraph 0044-0050, (2020/03/16)
The invention discloses a continuous method for preparation of dihalogenated alkane from a diol compound. A diol compound and haloid acid are used as the substrate, a microchannel reactor is utilizedto synthesize dihalogenated alkane continuously. Synthesis of the dihalogenated alkane includes the steps of: inputting the diol compound and haloid acid into a mixer respectively by a metering pump at room temperature, conducting premixing, then sending the mixture into a high-temperature section of the microchannel reactor at for reaction, and controlling the reaction temperature by an externalcirculating heat exchange system; at the end of the reaction, letting the product flow out from an outlet of the microchannel reactor and enter a cooling section, letting the cooled material enter a liquid separation kettle for standing and liquid separation, and collecting an organic layer; and preheating the organic layer, then feeding the preheated organic layer into a rectifying tower by a metering pump, controlling the temperature and reflux ratio of a reboiler, and collecting fractions at a specific temperature, thus obtaining the target product in a product collecting tank. The method provided by the invention has the characteristics of high reaction efficiency, safety, environmental protection, convenience and rapidity.
Hydrodehalogenation of alkyl halides catalyzed by a trichloroniobium complex with a redox active α-diimine ligand
Nishiyama, Haruka,Hosoya, Hiromu,Parker, Bernard F.,Arnold, John,Tsurugi, Hayato,Mashima, Kazushi
supporting information, p. 7247 - 7250 (2019/07/02)
A high-valent d0 niobium(v) complex, (α-diimine)NbCl3 (1), bearing a dianionic redox-active α-diimine ligand served as a catalyst for a hydrodehalogenation reaction of alkyl halides in the presence of PhSiH3. During the catalytic reaction, the redox-active α-diimine ligand allowed the complex to reversibly release and accept one-electron through switching its coordination mode between a dianionic folded form and a monoanionic planar one.
PROCESS FOR HYDROGENATING DICHLOROISOPROPYL ETHER
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Page/Page column 5, (2016/04/20)
Convert dichloroisopropyl ether into a halogenated derivative by contacting the dichloroisopropyl ether with a source of hydrogen and a select heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst under process conditions selected from a combination of a temperature within a range of from 50 degrees centigrade (oC) to 350 oC, a pressure within a range of from atmospheric pressure (0.1 megapascals) to 1000 pounds per square inch (6.9 MPa), a liquid feed volume flow to catalyst mass ratio between 0.5 and 10 L/Kg*h and a volume hydrogen / volume liquid ratio between 100 and 5000 ml gas/ ml liquid. The halogenated derivative is at least one of 1-chloro-2-propanol and 1,2-dichloropropane 1, and glycerin monochlorohydrin.
MANUFACTURE OF DICHLOROPROPANOL
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Page/Page column 18-19, (2009/03/07)
Manufacture of dichloropropanol Process for manufacturing dichloropropa nol wherein a glycerol-based product comprising at least one diol containi ng at least 3 carbon atoms other than 1,2- propanediol, is reacted with a chlorinati ng agent, and of products derived from dichloropropanol such as ep ichlorohydrin and epoxy resins. No figure.
Anion-binding polymers and uses thereof
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, (2008/06/13)
Anion-binding polymers are described. The anion-binding polymers in some cases are low swelling anion-binding polymers. In some cases, the anion-binding polymers have a pore volume distribution such that a fraction of the polymer is not available for non-interacting solutes above a certain percentage of the MW of the target ion for the polymer. In some cases, the anion-binding polymers are characterized by low ion-binding interference, where the interference is measured in, for example, a gastrointestinal simulant, relative to non-interfering buffer. Pharmaceutical composition, methods of use, and kits are also described.
